子宫脱垂患者阴道前壁Fibulin-3的表达及意义

目的探讨子宫脱垂（uterine prolapse,UP）患者阴道前壁中Fibulin-3 mRNA和蛋白的表达及其与子宫脱垂临床因素的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学S-P法及RT-PCR法对50例子宫脱垂患者的阴道前壁组织中Fibulin-3蛋白及mRNA水平表达进行测定,并与对照组20例（宫颈上皮内瘤变或妇科良性肿瘤行经阴道子宫全切术的非脱垂患者）组织对比,结合子宫脱垂的临床参数进行分析。结果免疫组化结果显示子宫脱垂组织中Fibulin-3蛋白表达的阳性率为52.0%（26/50）,明显低于对照组85.0%（17/20）,III＋Ⅳ度子宫脱垂患者阴道前壁Fibulin-3蛋白阳性表达率明显低于I＋II度子宫脱垂组（P=0.009）,伴有压力性尿失禁（SUI）的子宫脱垂患者Fibulin-3蛋白表达较无SUI患者明显下降（P=0.004）。RT-PCR结果显示子宫脱垂患者阴道前壁组织中Fibulin-3 mRNA的相对表达量较对照组明显降低,且其含量与子宫脱垂的严重程度及是否伴有SUI相关,差异具有统计学意义。Fibulin-3蛋白和mRNA表达与患者阴道分娩次数无关（P值均〉0.05）。结论Fibulin-3蛋白和mRNA在子宫脱垂患者阴道前壁组织中存在低表达,并与子宫脱垂的严重程度以及是否伴有SUI密切相关,Fibulin-3可能在子宫脱垂的发生发展中起重要的作用。     

血清miR-21表达水平与子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂的相关性

摘要 目的：探讨血清miR-21表达水平与子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂的相关性。方法：选取我院2017年12月到2020年12月共收治的60例子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂的患者作为观察组,另取60例来我院体检的健康女性作为对照组,分析两组患者胶原蛋白Ⅰ、Ⅲ和miR-21表达水平,并分析血清miR-21表达水平与子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂的相关性。对所有患者经盆底重建术和相关治疗之后,将术后1年子宫和阴道壁基本复位未见脱垂,且POP-Q分度＜Ⅱ度的40例患者分为预后良好组,将术后1年内再次发生子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂,且POP-Q分度≥Ⅱ度的20例患者分为预后不良组,对比两组患者的临床情况,并分期血清miR-21表达水平对于子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂的预后预测价值。结果：两组患者胶原蛋白Ⅰ、Ⅲ和血清miR-21表达水平对比差异显著,观察组患者胶原蛋白Ⅰ、Ⅲ水平低于对照组,观察组患者血清miR-21水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）;Spearman相关分析结果显示：胶原蛋白Ⅰ、Ⅲ水平与子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂呈负相关,血清miR-21与子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂呈正相关（P＜0.05）;预后良好组与预后不良组患者孕次、脱垂部位、胶原蛋白Ⅰ、Ⅲ情况对比无差异（P＞0.05）,预后良好组与预后不良组患者年龄、BIM、产次、miR-21情况对比有差异（P＜0.05）;logistic回归分析结果得出,只有血清miR-21水平和BMI是子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂的预后独立因素（P＜0.05）。结论：胶原蛋白Ⅰ、Ⅲ和血清miR-21表达水平与子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂疾病具有明显相关性,因此可以考虑应用三种指标对患者进行诊断和治疗参考。而仅有血清miR-21水平和BIM水平是子宫脱垂和阴道壁脱垂的预后独立因素,可以用两者的水平来判断患者的预后情况,及时采取措施提升治疗方法。     

子宫内膜癌组织中survivin蛋白和VEGF表达的意义及相关性分析

目的：探讨子宫内膜癌组织中survivin（存活素）蛋白和VEGF（血管内皮生长因子）表达及其意义。方法：运用免疫组织化学S-P法,检测20例正常子宫内膜组织、20例不典型增生子宫内膜和63例子宫内膜癌组织中survivin蛋白和VEGF的表达,并结合临床病理特点进行分析。结果：survivin蛋白、VEGF的阳性表达率在正常子宫内膜组织、不典型增生子宫内膜、子宫内膜癌中逐渐升高,三者之间有显著性差异（x2=-24．97,P〈0．01;x2=18．65,P〈0．01）。在子宫内膜癌中,survivin蛋白的表达与组织学分级和手术-病理分期密切相关（X2=9．20,P〈0．05;X2=20．60,P〈0．01）;VEGF的表达与组织学分级无关（X2=4．93,P〉0．05）,而与手术-病理分期分期密切相关（x2=-38．10,P〈0．01）。survivin表达与VEGF表达呈显著正相关（r=0．257;p〈0．05）。结论：survivin、VEGF分别通过抑制细胞凋亡、诱导新生血管的形成而影响子宫内膜癌的发生和发展,其在子宫内膜癌的发生中可能存在协同作用。     

PBRM1和P21蛋白在子宫内膜癌的表达及意义

目的：探讨PBRMl和P21蛋白在子宫内膜癌中的表达和临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化方法对105例子宫内膜癌组织进行PBRMl和P21蛋白检测。结果：子宫内膜癌中PBRMl和P21的阳性表达率分别为62．86％和80％;癌旁组织PBRMl和P21阳性表达率分别为45．71％和34．2％,子宫内膜癌组织表达高于癌旁组织（P〈0．05）;PBRMl和P53阳性表达与组织学类型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、组织学分级、临床TNM分期相关（P〈0．05）,与患者年龄无关（P〉0．05）。PBRMl和P21的表达呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论：PBRMl和P21表达水平与子宫内膜癌组织的病理分级和临床分期的增高而增高,对其进行监测对子宫内膜癌的诊断、治疗及预后有指导意义。     

PTEN蛋白在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的　探讨抑癌基因PTEN产物PTEN蛋白在由正常子宫内膜过渡至子宫内膜癌过程中的表达缺失情况及其临床意义。方法　用SP免疫组化法测定 73例子宫内膜癌、 2 5例子宫内膜非典型增生、 71例子宫内膜增殖症和 31例正常子宫内膜组织中PTEN蛋白的表达 ,并与组织学类型、组织学分级、肌层浸润深度和临床分期等生物学行为进行相关分析。结果　PTEN蛋白在子宫内膜腺癌和癌前病变中的表达缺失率分别为 6 6 6 7%和 76 0 0 % ,表达缺失率与组织学类型(P <0 0 0 5 )和组织学分级有关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与子宫内膜癌肌层浸润深度和临床分期无关 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　PTEN表达缺失是子宫内膜癌发生的早期分子事件 ,PTEN蛋白表达缺失是早期诊断子宫内膜癌及癌前病变较好的生物标志。     

低分子量神经丝蛋白(NF-L)的体外组装

利用超速离心和离子交换层析技术,从牛脊髓中分离纯化了神经丝蛋白三组分:NF-L,NF-M和NF-H。应用电镜负染色和金属投影方法研究神经丝的形态结构与NF-L的体外组装,结果表明:神经丝由10nm的核心纤维与外周的丝状突起组成;在近似生理条件下,NF-L可在60min内组装成10nm纤维,纤维由4根亚丝缠绕而成;在碱性缓冲液中,NaCl能促进NF-L装配成短纤维,这种10nm的短纤维无法连接成长纤维。     

PBRM1 和P21 蛋白在子宫内膜癌的表达及意义

目的：探讨PBRM1 和P21 蛋白在子宫内膜癌中的表达和临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化方法对105 例子宫内膜癌组织进行PBRM1和P21 蛋白检测。结果：子宫内膜癌中PBRM1 和P21 的阳性表达率分别为62.86%和80%;癌旁组织PBRM1 和P21阳性表达率分别为45.71%和34.2%,子宫内膜癌组织表达高于癌旁组织（P＜0.05）;PBRM1 和P53 阳性表达与组织学类型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、组织学分级、临床TNM分期相关（P＜0.05）,与患者年龄无关（P＞0.05）。PBRM1 和P21 的表达呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：PBRM1 和P21 表达水平与子宫内膜癌组织的病理分级和临床分期的增高而增高,对其进行监测对子宫内膜癌的诊断、治疗及预后有指导意义。     

子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN 和MTA1 蛋白的表达及其相关性

目的:探讨子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN和MTA1表达及其与子宫内膜癌生物学行为之间的关系。方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测130例子宫内膜癌和40例正常宫内膜组织中PTEN和MTA1的表达水平,并分析两者在子宫内膜癌中的相关性。结果:子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN、MTA1阳性表达均显著高于正常子宫内膜组织(P<0.01);PTEN与MTA1在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达呈负相关(r=-0.35,P<0.05)。结论:PTEN和MTA1表达与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展及生物行为密切相关,且两者表达存在负相关性。     

人脊髓创伤后神经元病变的神经丝免疫组织化学研究

本文用神经丝（ＮＦ）免疫组织化学方法在１５例人体尸检材料中研究了脊髓创伤后生存２ｈ～９Ｗ的脊髓神经元胞体和轴突的病理学改变。结果表明：脊髓创伤后２ｈ,神经丝免疫组织化学反应即可显示ＮＦ阳性反应产物在轴突内聚集。创伤后第４天,病变的前角运动神经元胞体内神经丝反应异常地增强。以上结果表明：神经丝免疫组织化学方法比常规显示轴突的染色方法能更早更清晰地显示脊髓内轴突的病变,并进一步证实了创伤后细胞骨架紊乱在神经元的病理发病机理中起重要作用。     

子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN和MTA1蛋白的表达及其相关性

目的：探讨子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN和MTA1表达及其与子宫内膜癌生物学行为之间的关系。方法：采用免疫组化SP法检测130例子宫内膜癌和40例正常宫内膜组织中PTEN和MTAl1的表达水平,并分析两者在子宫内膜癌中的相关性。结果：子宫内膜癌组织中PTEN、MTA1阳性表达均显著高于正常子宫内膜组织（P〈0．01）;PTEN与MTAI在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达呈负相关（r=0．35,P〈0．05）。结论：PTEN和MTA1表达与子宫内膜癌的发生、发展及生物行为密切相关,且两者表达存在负相关性。     

Innervation of periodontal ligament and dental pulp in the rat incisor: An immunohistochemical investigation of neurofilament protein and glia-specific S-100 protein

Summary Nervous elements in the periodontal ligament and dental pulp of rat incisors were investigated by means of immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein (NFP) and glia-specific S-100 protein. The periodontal ligament in the incisors was densely innervated by NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers; the distribution of the nerve fibers and their terminations differed markedly from those in molars. NFP-positive, thick nerve bundles entered the lingual periodontal ligament through slits located in the mid-region of the alveolar socket, and immediately formed numerous Ruffini-like corpuscles. In the labial periodontal ligament, all of the NFP-immunoreactive nerve fibers terminated in free endings. The restricted location of the stretch receptor, Ruffini-like corpuscle, in the lingual periodontal ligament appears to be an essential element, because this region is regularly extended during mastication. The nervous elements were restricted to the alveolar half of the periodontal ligament in every region; they avoided the dental half of the periodontal ligament, which presumably moves continuously with the tooth. Pulpal nerve fibers in incisors also showed a characteristic distribution different from those in molars; individual nerve fibers with beaded structures ran in the center of the pulp toward the incisai edge, and did not form the subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Raschkow.Immunostaining for S-100 protein revealed a distribution pattern of nervous elements similar to that for NFP, suggesting that the nerves supplying the periodontal ligament and dental pulp were mostly covered by a Schwann sheath.     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of nerves in the predentin and dentin of human third molars with the use of an antiserum against neurofilament protein (NFP)

Summary Immunohistochemistry by use of an antiserum against neurofilament protein (NFP) was applied for staining nerve fibers in the predentin and dentin of human third molars. By devising methods for fixation, decalcification and immunostaining, nerve fibers were clearly and specifically demonstrated in thick (more than 50 m) sections of teeth. Numerous NFP-positive fibers were distributed in the predentin throughout the coronal region, while a few positive fibers penetrated only a short distance into the dentin. The NFP-positive nerve fibers in the predentin took transverse and complicated courses across, rather than penetrating longitudinally through, the dentinal tubules. Pain sensation in the teeth might be attributable to these complex nerve fibers showing two or three-dimensional extensions.     

Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on phosphate content of neurofilament proteins and neurofilament associated protein phosphatase in rat spinal cord

Rats were trained to drink alcohol solution by gradually increasing the ethanol content [2.5–15% (v/v)] in drinking water. After 11 months of alcohol (15% v/v) ingestion, animals were guillotined and the spinal cords were used for the preparation of neurofilaments (NF). NF triplet proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and the phosphate contents of individual components were estimated. Results indicated a significant increase in phosphate content of 200 KD protein in alcohol fed rats (30.19±4.12 mol of phosphate/mole of protein: p<0.001) compared to control group (18.42 ±3.91 mol of phosphate/mole of protein). No significant change in the phosphate content of 150KD and 68KD components of NF were seen in experimental group. Further, the studies on NF associated protein phosphatase activity indicated a significant decrease in phosphatase activity among the alcohol fed rats (14.10±2.5 mU; p<0.001) against NF rich fraction as a substrate, as compared to control (20.15±2.15 mU). While the observed decrease in NF associated protein phosphatase would possibly explain the increase in phosphate content of NF proteins in alcohol fed rats, the precise mechanism of decrease in enzyme activity remains to be elucidated. Nevertheless, the change seen in phosphate content and NF associated protein phosphatase activity as a result of ethanol ingestion would possibly form the biochemical basis of some of the neuropathological changes seen in alcoholics.     

Neuron-specific enolase,neurofilament protein and S-100 protein in the olfactory mucosa of human fetuses

Summary Immunohistochemical examination for neuronspecific enolase (NSE), neurofilament protein (NFP), and S-100 protein was performed in the olfactory mucosa of human fetuses. NSE and NFP immunoreactivities were found in the olfactory receptor cells, while no S-100 immunoreactive cells were recognized within the olfactory epithelium. The anti-NSE serum stained various types of nerve bundles in the lamina propria mucosae; a population of the NSE-positive nerve bundles was also immunoreactive for NFP. The anti-S-100 serum clearly demonstrated Schwann cells associated with the nerve fibers in the lamina propria mucosae. These findings 1) suggest a possibility of NSE and NFP as new marker substances for olfactory cells and 2) indicate that immunohistochemistry is a useful tool to analyse the cellular components of the olfactory organs in normal and pathological conditions.     

WWOX蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨WWOX蛋白在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法应用免疫组织化学孓P法检测人胰腺癌组织芯片150芯（包括70例胰腺癌组织和5例胰腺炎）中WWOX蛋白的表达,采用HPIAS-1000图文报告管理系统对WWOX蛋白的表达进行定量分析,并用SPSS11．5软件对各组免疫组织化学反应阳性颗粒的平均光密度、阳性面积率做单因素方差分析和SNK（q）检验。结果胰腺癌组织中WWOX蛋白呈低表达,胰腺炎组织中WWOX蛋白呈高表达。结论提示WWOX基因表达下调可能在胰腺癌的发生、发展中起了重要作用。     

Domain unfolding in neurofilament sidearms: effects of phosphorylation and ATP

Lateral projections of neurofilaments (NF) called sidearms (SA) affect axon stability and caliber. SA phosphorylation is thought to modulate inter-NF distance and interactions between NF and other subcellular organelles. SA were probed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) as a function of phosphorylation and ATP content. DLS shows SA are larger when phosphorylated, and AFM shows four unfoldable domains in SA regardless of phosphorylation state or the presence of ATP. However, the native phosphorylated SA requires three-fold higher force to unfold by AFM than dephosphorylated SA, suggesting a less pliant as well as larger structure when phosphorylated.     

Major phosphorylation site (Ser55) of neurofilament L by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in rat primary neuronal culture

Ser55 of neurofilament L (NF-L) is reported to be partly phosphorylated in neurons and to be phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Bovine NF-L was phosphorylated by PKA in a low concentration of MgCl2 (0.3 mM) and digested by trypsin. Trypsin-digested fragments were assigned by MALDI/ TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization/ time-of-flight) mass spectrometry. Phosphorylation sites were found at Ser41, Ser55, and Ser62 in the head region, with Ser55 considered the preferred site. A site-specific phosphorylation-dependent antibody against Ser55 rendered NF-L phosphorylated at Ser55 detectable in primary cultured rat neurons. One-hour treatment with 20 nM okadaic acid increased the phosphorylation level of Ser55, and co-treatment with 10 microM forskolin enhanced it. However, forskolin alone did not elevate the phosphorylation level. As a consequence, NF-L may be phosphorylated at Ser55 by PKA or by a PKA-like kinase in vivo; however, the phosphorylation level of Ser55 may be modulated by certain phosphatases sensitive to okadaic acid.     

Differential expression of insulin-like growth factors in the uterine epithelium and extracellular matrix during early pregnancy

We have studied the simultaneous expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) in the uterine epithelium and extracellular matrix during the time of trophoblast attachment and implantation. These studies reveal that IGF-I and IGF-II display different spatial and temporal patterns of expression during early pregnancy, and suggest a role for them in the process of attachment and implantation. Specifically, IGF-I is strongly expressed in the basal lamina which is the site of trophoblast invasion into the maternal stroma, and also in the apical epithelium, the site of initial trophoblast attachment. IGF-II is expressed to a lesser extent in the basal lamina, lateral plasma membranes and apical epithelium on day 3 but is only prominent apically at the time of implantation, suggesting a role in attachment.     

Proteolysis of the neurofilament 68 kDa protein explains several previously described brain proteins of unique composition and high acidity

Neurofilaments follow the structural principles of non-neuronal intermediate filaments but contain additional sequences which are carboxyterminally located and increase in length between triplet proteins (68 kDa, 160 kDa and 200 kDa). The tailpiece domain has been sequenced in the case of the porcine 68 kDa protein. It has a unique amino acid composition. Within 106 residues there are only 12 different amino acid types, and glutamic acid accounts for 46% of the sequence. Examination of the literature on highly acidic brain proteins leads us to the proposal that microglutamic acid-rich protein, Glu-50, macroglutamic protein, as well as some unusual components of the S100 class, are most likely proteolytic degradation products of the neurofilament 68 kDa protein.     

Serum trace mineral variations in Nili-Ravi buffaloes suffering with prepartum vaginal prolapse in two different agro-ecological zones of Punjab, Pakistan

The present study was conducted during 2005 and 2006 on 200 Nili-Ravi buffaloes kept in two agroecological zones (irrigated [zone 1] and rain-fed [zone-2]) of Punjab, Pakistan, with the objective to determine the level of trace minerals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Se) in serum of the buffaloes suffering from vaginal prolapse and to compare them with their healthy counterparts. In each zone 50 buffaloes suffering from prepartum vaginal prolapse during their seventh month of gestation were identified through survey. Vaginal prolapse-affected buffaloes belonging to zone 1 were identified as group VPB1 (N = 50), whereas buffaloes belonging to zone 2 were recognized as VPB2 (N = 50). The buffaloes of control group in zone 1 and zone 2 were identified as NCB1 and NCB2, respectively. The blood samples in all four groups of buffaloes were collected three times, i.e., first when these animals were in the eighth month of gestation, second during the eighth to ninth month of gestation, and finally when these animals were in the ninth or later month of gestation. The mean serum copper concentrations in buffaloes of group VPB1 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in comparison with NCB1 and NCB2, whereas there were nonsignificant differences (P > 0.05) in copper concentrations between VPB1 and VPB2. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) of iron concentration in VPB1 compared with NCB1 and NCB2. Similarly, VPB2 also had significantly lower (P < 0.05) iron concentrations compared with NCB1 and NCB2. Serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in animals of the VPB1 group when compared with NCB1 and NCB2. Similarly, lower zinc concentrations were observed in VPB2 in comparison with NCB1 and NCB2. There was significantly lower (P < 0.05) zinc concentration in affected buffaloes (VPB1 and VPB2) from the ninth month of gestation to term when compared with those in the eighth to ninth mo of gestation, and with those not yet in the eighth month of gestation. Serum selenium concentration were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in control group buffaloes (NCB1 and NCB2) in comparison with vaginal prolapse-affected buffaloes (VPB1 and VPB2). During different stages of gestation, mean serum selenium concentrations varied nonsignificantly (P > 0.05) within each group of buffalo. Based on information obtained from this study, it was concluded that the low serum concentration of copper and selenium are linked to increased incidence of vaginal prolapse in buffaloes during the last trimester of gestation.