长江水系鱼体氟元素背景值特征研究

本文通过测定鱼骨氟研究了氟在鱼体中的存在特征以及氟元素背景值的地域分异特征。鱼骨氟用离子选择电极法测定。样品采集涉及长江水系１８６个江段、１２个环境单元,１２种鱼１６００余尾,分析样品１１５４个,同时分析了黄河源鄂陵湖,以及青海湖等地区几种鱼骨氟作为参考。给出了３８个环境统计单元的背景值。鱼骨氟数据以服从对数正态为主。比较了同一水环境不同鱼种鱼骨氟的差异,部分鱼种鱼骨氟差异显著,而部分鱼种两两间无显著性差异。用方差分析和多重范围分析方法分析了芜湖以上长江水系鱼体氟元素背景值,结果表明,不同环境单元同一鱼种鱼骨氟差异显著。从环境和生物因素讨论了以上统计分析结果。     

武昌东湖蒙古红(鱼白)和翘嘴红(鱼白)的食性及其种群控制问题的研究

本文主要报道蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌对放养鳙、鲢鱼种的危害性及控制其种群发展的途径。通过肠道内食物的检查,发现不同大小的蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌与所吞食“家鱼”鱼种规格的大小有一定的相关,根据所得的数据分别求出这两种凶猛鱼的全长与被吃鱼种全长的迴归方程式及95%的可信限,确定不同大小的蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌危害不同规格鱼种的范围。并通过对东湖这两种凶猛鱼种群长度的调查,提出鳙、鲢鱼种放养的合理规格。蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌全年各月的摄食强度随着水温的不同和生殖季节的来临而有所改变,根据这种情况,对于什么时间放养鱼种较为有利也进行了探讨。从两种鱼的食物组成和摄食强度来看,它们对鳙、鲢的危害性是很明显的。为了遏制其种群发展,进行了围捕产卵群体、药物杀卵和投放棕榈皮鱼巢诱其产卵等试验。试验证明,在生殖季节当它们大量集群时进行围捕,效果较为显著。近年来这两种凶猛鱼的产量和种群的长度组成都有所下降。文中附有不同长度的蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌吞食不同鳙鱼种的范围表,供有关单位参考。       

池塘饲养鱼类优化结构及其增产原理：Ⅰ.池塘越冬鱼种的生物学特性

1986—1989年的鱼种池塘越冬对比饲养与室内验证试验结果表明:长江以南草鱼种在冬季大部分时间仍能开口摄食。若不是密集越冬,并在晴天加强培育,越冬期间鱼种的平均生长率可达10—14％,鱼体丰满系数、血液中红细胞数、血红蛋白、血浆总蛋白含量,肌肉、肝脏中大部分营养成分较越冬前均无明显变化(p>0.05);补充投饵的半密集越冬组,鱼种体重、丰满系数能维持在越冬前水平(p>0.05),但血液、肌肉、肝脏中部分营养指标仍明显下降(p≤0.05);而饥饿条件下密集越冬组,鱼种消瘦9—14％,腹内肠系膜脂肪消耗殆尽,丰满系数、肝脏、肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪含量均明显下降(p≤0.05),且出现贫血状态。试验证明了越冬鱼种放养密度及饲养管理的不同,将影响鱼种质量的优劣和次年的成鱼养殖产量。为我国长江中下游大部,淮河、黄河中下游部分地区改革鱼种越冬制度,采取稀放精养的必要性和提高越冬鱼种质量与产量的可行性提供了理论根据。     

武昌东湖蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌的食性及其种群控制问题的研究

本文主要报道蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌对放养鳙、鲢鱼种的危害性及控制其种群发展的途径。通过肠道内食物的检查,发现不同大小的蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌与所吞食“家鱼”鱼种规格的大小有一定的相关,根据所得的数据分别求出这两种凶猛鱼的全长与被吃鱼种全长的迥归方程式及95％的可信限,确定不同大小的蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌危害不同规格鱼种的范围。并通过对东湖这两种凶猛鱼种群长度的调查,提出鳙、鲢鱼种放养的合理规格。蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌全年各月的摄食强度随着水温的不同和生殖季节的来临而有所改变,根据这种情况,对于什么时间放养鱼种较为有利也进行了探讨。从两种鱼的食物组成和摄食强度来看,它们对鳙、鲢的危害性是很明显的。为了遏制其种群发展,进行了围捕产卵群体、药物杀卵和投放棕榈皮鱼巢诱其产卵等试验。试验证明,在生殖季节当它们大量集群时进行围捕,效果较为显著。近年来这两种凶猛鱼的产量和种群的长度组成都有所下降。文中附有不同长度的蒙古红鲌和翘嘴红鲌吞食不同鳙鱼种的范围表,供有关单位参考。     

复方微量元素对草鱼种的促长作用

宁夏鱼类的最佳生长期只有3个月左右。为能在当年育成大规格的鱼种,适应养鱼生产发展的需要。我场从1978年开始,连续二年在投喂草鱼种的饲料中加喂一定量的微量元素,促进草鱼的生长,取得了较好的效果。     

斜颌鲴的人工繁殖和饲养

1975年,本站从湖北省水生生物研究所第一次引进斜颔鲴夏花、鱼种和亲鱼。夏花培育成鱼种后,1976年发放到五个点作成鱼放养试验,鱼种留在本站饲养,作为后备亲鱼。同时,我们1976年进行人工繁殖,也初获成功。现将斜颔鲴的人工繁殖和成鱼饲养试验小结于下。     

斜颌鲴的人工繁殖和饲养

1975年,本站从湖北省水生生物研究所第一次引进斜颌鲴夏花、鱼种和亲鱼。夏花培育成鱼种后,1976年发放到五个点作成鱼放养试验,鱼种留在本站饲养,作为后备亲鱼。同时,我们1976年进行人工繁殖,也初获成功。现将斜颌鲴的人工繁殖和成鱼饲养试验小结于下。       

大水面培育大规格鱼种的试验——1972—1975年工作总结

投放4寸(13．3厘米)以上的大规格鱼种,是大、中型湖泊、水库渔业增产的一个关键措施。为了培育足够数量的优质鱼种,进行了土堤湖汉、网拦湖湾和网箱培育鱼种等一系列试验。证明利用湖汉、湖湾等天然水面培育鱼种既能发挥空间因素的作用,又能使水中的天然饵料资源得到较好的利用,从而克服当前鱼种生产上鱼池面积不足的困难,节约商品饵料的使用,是获得大量优质鱼种的一条有效途径。本文总结了三年来的试验结果和体会。     

大水面培育大规格鱼种的试验——1972—1975年工作总结

投放4寸(13.3厘米)以上的大规格鱼种,是大、中型湖泊、水库渔业增产的一个关键措施。为了培育足够数量的优质鱼种,进行了土堤湖汉、网拦湖湾和网箱培育鱼种等一系列试验。证明利用湖汊、湖湾等天然水面培育鱼种既能发挥空间因素的作用,又能使水中的天然饵料资源得到较好的利用,从而克服当前鱼种生产上鱼池面积不足的困难,节约商品饵料的使用,是获得大量优质鱼种的一条有效途径。本文总结了三年来的试验结果和体会。       

云南雨石得电站工程建设对巴江渔业资源及生态环境的影响

综述了巴江渔业资源状况和雨石得电站建设对资源和环境的影响。巴江共有鱼类60种,其中土著鱼类47种。有16个水生动物新种(其中鱼类新种14个),和国家二级保护动物红瘰疣螈。屯站建成后将对巴江急流鱼种及洄游鱼种的生存造成不利影响。当前应采取切实可行的生态措施,以保护巴江特有的生物资源。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.