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1.
拟除虫菊酯微胶囊剂的应用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王思让  龙美云 《昆虫知识》1990,27(3):155-158
研究结果表明,应用二氯苯醚菊酯、氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的3种微胶囊剂对赤拟谷盗、豆蚜、小菜粉蝶和粘虫室内测定及大田试验药效均为显著。处理后6天,死亡率90%左右,各天药效相当或略高于乳油。其残效期对赤拟谷盗24天,对其他3种试虫15天左右,相当于该类药剂乳油残效期的2倍。3种微胶囊剂的药效高低顺序依次为氯氰菊酯>二氯苯醚菊酯>氰戊菊酯,和其乳油效果高低的顺序基本相同。  相似文献   

2.
棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯抗性稳定性研究   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
吴益东  沈晋良 《昆虫学报》1996,39(4):342-346
研究棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)对三种拟除虫菊醌(氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯、功夫菊酯)的抗性稳定性及敏感性恢复表明,即使棉铃虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性达到3166.3倍以上,抗性仍不稳定,经14代室内饲养后抗性下降为61.4倍;对一系列田间抗性种群的抗性稳定性研究后发现,棉铃虫对这三种拟除虫菊酯的抗性不稳定,在没有杀虫剂选择的情况下,开始几代抗性下降较快,当下降到一定水平(2~9倍)后,抗性比较稳定,很难完全恢复对拟除虫菊酯的敏感性。  相似文献   

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拟除虫菊酯对家蝇Na-K-ATPase抑制作用的研究   总被引:16,自引:6,他引:16  
通过对家蝇神经系统Na-K-ATPase性质的研究,表明Na-K-ATPase反应的适宜pH值为7.0~8.0,适温为35~40℃,Km为0.22 mmol/L,Vmax为555.56 nmol/(mg·min)。比较测定了家蝇敏感品系、Del-R、2Cl-R抗性品系的Na-K-ATPase活性及溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯对该酶的抑制作用。实验证明,敏感与抗性品系间Na-K-ATPase活力无显著的差异,但溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯对不同家蝇品系Na-K-ATPase的抑制作用有明显区别,两种拟除虫菊酯可抑制敏感家蝇品系Na-K-ATPase的活性,而对抗性品系无明显的抑制作用。  相似文献   

4.
昆虫对拟除虫菊酯的交互抗性   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
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5.
家蝇对拟除虫菊酯农药的抗性机制   总被引:15,自引:8,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
孙耘芹  袁家圭 《昆虫学报》1990,33(3):265-273
本文对二氯苯醚菊酯和溴氰菊酯分别选择的高抗性家蝇(Musca domestica vicina)品系2Cl-R及Dec-R的抗性机制进行了研究.应用生物测定、增效剂,体内试验的表皮穿透作用、离体条件的解毒酶系活性的增加以及家蝇头部ATP酶活力的研究结果表明,两种拟除虫菊酯高抗性家蝇品系的表皮穿透性均比正常品系NP为慢,特别是Dec-R品系极慢.酯酶和多功能氧化酶及其末端的细胞色素P-450的活性在两个抗性品系中都比NP品系有不同程度的增高,但2Cl-R品系以氧化酶为主,而Dec-R品系似以酯酶占优势.Dec-R品系的Na+—K+-ATP酶活力低于NP品系的46%,而2Cl-R品系与NP品系相等.Mg2+-ATP酶活性在两个抗性品系中均高于正常品系.Mg2+-ATP酶可能也是拟除虫菊酯的一个重要靶标部位.  相似文献   

6.
以海藻酸钠、壳聚糖为壁材,氯氟氰菊酯为芯材,通过复凝聚法制备微胶囊。用红外光谱确定复合膜的形成,光学显微镜观察微胶囊的分散性和规整度,气相色谱法测定包封率。考察油水相体积比、搅拌速度、乳液稀释水用量及壳聚糖的浓度对氯氟氰菊酯微胶囊化的影响。结果表明,最佳的实验条件是油水相体积比为1∶10、搅拌速度为1300 r/min、乳液与水体积比为1∶1.2,壳聚糖浓度为0.1%。制备的微胶囊包封率可以达到80.3%。  相似文献   

7.
<正> 农用拟除虫菊酯是七十年代新发展的仿生农药,对多种害虫具有优良的防治效果,国内已广泛应用于农业害虫的防治,但对天敌昆虫的影响,各地反应不一。为了对拟除虫菊酯对天敌昆虫的毒性有一个初步的认识,以便更好地使用这类农药,现将拟除虫菊酯对一些重要的天敌类群的杀虫作用综述于后,以供参考。 一、寄生峰 过去,一些传统的杀虫剂常常大量杀死寄生蜂,引起害虫再增猖獗。拟除虫菊酯则是一类对寄生性天敌较为安全的新农药。 Waddill(1978)以四种拟除虫菊酯用泸纸药膜法对五种寄生蜂进行了研究后指出,高剂量的杀灭菊酯(90.7克/0.405公顷,有效剂量,下同)对寡节小蜂Diglyphus intermedius、小茧蜂Opius bruneipes及绒茧蜂Apanteles sp.几乎无毒,但对跳小蜂Copidosoma  相似文献   

8.
家蝇对拟除虫菊酯抗性机理研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文概述了家蝇对拟除虫菊酯的抗性机制 ,特别是结合我国室内培育的抗拟除虫菊酯家蝇品系 (Dec R和 2Cl R) ,探讨了Na+通道、神经递质释放、ATPase、蛋白质磷酸化等与家蝇Kdr抗性的关系 ,从多方面证明了神经敏感性降低是家蝇对拟除虫菊酯产生抗性的重要机制。  相似文献   

9.
对有机磷和拟除虫菊酯抗性 (R)棉铃虫靶标抗性的分子机理 ,即乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE)和钠通道敏感度降低进行了研究。根据AChE的动力学常数表明 ,R品系AChE的活性和Vmax值分别是S品系的 1 0 9和 1 2 3倍 ,但R品系的AChE的Km 值仅是S品系的 0 6 7倍。R品系AChE对DDVP和马拉硫磷的Ki值分别是S品系的 0 4 4和 0 55。这表明AChE发生了质的变化。还应用PCR技术对抗性棉铃虫的击倒抗性 (kdr)进行了鉴定 ,克隆了钠通道的IIS6序列、IIS5和IIS6连接片段以及II和III连接片段 ,测序后比较了R和S品系以及其它昆虫的同源性 ,结果在氨基酸水平未发现有任何差异 ,这表明该抗性棉铃虫品系不涉及kdr。  相似文献   

10.
关于棉蚜对拟除虫菊酯的抗性报道   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
<正> 拟除虫菊酯是个高效益、对环境几无影响的杀虫剂。研制单位投入了大量资金,经历了几十年的时间才告完成。植保工作者对它寄予无限期望,甚至还被群众誉为第一把药。山东省聊城棉区于1980年开始使用,防治棉蚜可用10,000—12,000倍液,而有机磷农药则是2,000倍液。但这样一个好农药使用不过二年,至1982年时,不少植棉户较普遍的改为8,000倍,1983年改为6,000倍,1984年改为3,000倍,1985年更改为1,000—2,000倍。如此迅速的改变一个农药的使用浓度,在我国的用药历史上是没有过的。 1981—1982年在棉区曾出现过“久效磷热”,1982年又开始形成了“菊酯热”,1983年热  相似文献   

11.
Abstract  BedHnet treatment with pyrethroids, either by impregnation or by spraying, has been considered as an important progress in vector control in antimalarial programmes. Since last decade, the method has been extensively adopted for malarial control in China. The present paper is a review of the results of laboratory studies, experimental evaluations and field trials and applications of bednet treatment in this country. Some comments are also given to the results in this respect. It is concluded that the bednet treatment with pyrethroids, particularly with deltamethrin, is a feasible community based prevention measure. It can be recommanded to replace DDT indoor residual sprays for vector control in most areas of low and moderate malaria endemicity.  相似文献   

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Abstract  This paper deals with the prospects for the classical biological control of major insect pests and weeds in southern China. One hundred and seventy-four species of insect pests in southern China are nominated and their broad distribution and origin or possibly origin in other countries are discussed. An attempt is made to draw together information relevant to where a search might be made for natural enemies if an arthropod pest is being considered as the target for classical biological control. The success of classical biological control of the six insect pests and five weeds elsewhere in the world has been indicated. It is recommended to take urgent measures to strengthen and expand projects in classical biological control in China.  相似文献   

15.
中国很重视害虫生物防治,但与欧美国家相比,对更经济有效的传统生物防治重视较少。对那些源于外国、特别是最近从国外侵入的害虫来说,传统生物防治更是一本万利。本文列举了174种中国南方的有害节肢动物及它们在外国的分布和可能的发源地。还举出了分布于中国南方的6种害虫及5种杂草在外国传统生防成功的情况。  相似文献   

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Previous studies have shown that about 90% of adult Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Acari: Ixodidae) picked up daily by grazing cattle are still attached to the interdigital areas in the evening, when the animals return from pasture. It was therefore postulated that a targeted treatment, designed to kill the ticks attached to the feet, would limit infestation of the predilection sites. Footbaths filled with various pyrethroid formulations were used over 3 years, at the beginning of the rainy season (from mid-May to the end of July), to assess the efficacy of such a control method. It proved efficient in preventing the ticks from attaching to the predilection sites. Although five to 12 A. variegatum adults attached to each treated animal daily, and although the tick burden of the predilection sites of control cattle increased each day by four to 10 ticks, the average infestation of the predilection sites of treated cattle that were initially highly infested (over 100 ticks/animal) continuously decreased to reach a level of about 10-30 ticks/animal after 6-8 weeks of treatment. In herds with a lower initial tick burden (40-70 ticks/animal) this level was obtained within 2-3 weeks and the mean infestation subsequently remained consistently low. Footbath treatment carried out every other day during the adult peak infestation period should therefore greatly limit losses due to ticks. This method was appreciated by traditional livestock farmers, essentially because it is not time-consuming and because it requires only c. 200 mL aqueous formulation per animal at each passage. The cost of the acaricide needed to treat one animal during the peak infestation period was assessed at c. euro 0.20. This control method might also have an impact on some species of tsetse flies and mosquitoes, thereby contributing to trypanosomiasis and malaria control.  相似文献   

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