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1.
在创新的重要性日益被全社会所认同的大背景下,如何促进我国新药研发正受到越来越多的关注。促进新药研发的途径可从不同的方面进行研究,本文则主要以目前存在较大争议和分歧的“允许创新药物进入医保目录是否是促进新药创新的有效途径”这一问题为切入点进行探讨。  相似文献   

2.
众所周知,新药研发是一个漫长而艰难的过程,投入大,但成功率低。从项目的选择、分子结构最优化、靶点的选择、体外实验结果与体内反应的一致性、药物安全性、临床试验设计优化以及对新药研发相关法规的理解、与监管部门的有效沟通等诸方面,探讨对新药研发风险的把控。  相似文献   

3.
近年来,艾滋病在世界范围内的迅速传播和蔓延,已严重威胁着人类的健康,且引发了一系列社会问题。报告以ThomsonReuters Cortellis 数据库为数据源,从总体研发态势、研发阶段、作用靶点、研究地区、研发机构、销售情况以及交易合作等角度对全球抗HIV 药物的研发情况进行多角度、多层次的分析,旨在为我国抗HIV 药物的研发提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
2008年1月,辉瑞公司与日本Taisho公司达成协议.共同研究和开发由Taisho公司发现的.目前正处于临床前研究的一种抗精神分裂症候选新药TS-032。 根据协议,辉瑞公司拥有TS-032除日本以外全球范围的开发与商业化权利。辉瑞公司为此将支付2200万美元给Taisho公司作为前期费用。  相似文献   

5.
本文概述药用植物细胞悬浮培养技术研究进展,讨论药用植物细胞悬浮规模培养技术,展望该技术在新药研发中的应用前景。  相似文献   

6.
周敏  胡章勇 《生命的化学》2020,40(6):877-883
慢性丁型病毒性肝炎是一种严重的慢性病毒性肝炎形式,其后期发生肝衰竭、肝硬化、肝细胞癌等不良结局的风险高。由于缺乏丁型肝炎病毒的特异性抑制剂,慢性丁型肝炎的治疗尚存在很大的困难。然而,近年来,随着丁型肝炎病毒分子生物学研究的不断深入,部分潜在的抗病毒靶点被研究者发现,进而研发了许多新型抗病毒药物。这些药物目前已经进入II期或III期临床试验阶段,慢性丁型肝炎的治疗将迎来新的曙光。本文将结合国内外研究及指南,综述了慢性丁型肝炎的治疗现状及新药研发进展。  相似文献   

7.
嘌呤受体是一类以核苷酸为激动剂的受体家族,分为P1和P2受体,广泛分布于神经系统,发挥不同的作用.如调节神经递质的释放、神经元的兴奋性、痛觉信息传递等。其中P2受体分布最为广泛,且与多种疾病的病理过程相关.其选择性激动剂和拮抗剂具有良好的临床应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
创新药研发对企业研发能力要求高,目前我国大部分药企仍然处于仿创阶段,但随着政策环境的改善,国家不断释放鼓励创新信号, 创新型药企不断涌现,传统药企积极布局,创新药物迎来发展机遇。借鉴国外创新药研发经验,探讨我国创新药的 3 种研发模式及估值方法, 解析创新药研发的机遇与风险。  相似文献   

9.
<正>生物反应器是科研成果的转化及新药研发的重要技术平台。简要介绍长江学者蛋白药物重点科技创新团队在多种生物反应器技术平台的建立及其在新药研发中的应用,为以高校为科研主体,开展新型"产学研"相结合的模式,积极推动科研成果的产业转化提供一种可借鉴模式。  相似文献   

10.
目的:观察非诺贝特对衰老大鼠肝脏组织肉毒碱棕榈酰转运酶Ⅰ水平的影响,从而探讨衰老过程中出现脂质代谢异常的可能机制及非诺贝特对脂质代谢的调节作用.方法:雄性SD年轻大鼠(4~6周龄)16只和老年大鼠(24个月龄)16只,分别随机分为对照组和非诺贝特组(非诺贝特喂养2周),测定大鼠血清中三酰甘油和总胆固醇水平,采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法检测大鼠肝脏组织肉毒碱棕榈酰转运酶Ⅰ水平.结果:年轻对照组比较,老年对照组的三酰甘油和总胆固醇水平升高,大鼠肝脏组织肉毒碱棕榈酰转运酶Ⅰ水平表达降低.非诺贝特组与老年对照组比较三酰甘油和总胆固醇水平均下降,非诺贝特升高不同年龄组大鼠肝脏组织肉毒碱棕榈酰转运酶Ⅰ水平.结论:衰老过程中大鼠肝脏组织肉毒碱棕榈酰转运酶Ⅰ水平表达减少可能与老年脂质代谢异常有关.  相似文献   

11.
    
Experimental hyperlipidemia has shown to decrease cytochrome P450 3A4 and 2C11 expression and to increase liver concentrations and the plasma protein binding of halofantrine (HF) enantiomers. The present study examined the effect of hyperlipidemic (HL) serum on the metabolism of HF enantiomers by primary rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes from normolipidemic (NL) and HL (poloxamer 407 treated) rats were incubated with rac-HF in cell media with or without additional rat serum (5%). In those incubations with rat serum, the hepatocytes were preincubated or coincubated with serum from NL or HL rats. Rat serum-free hepatocyte incubations served as controls. Stereospecific assays were used to measure HF and desbutylhalofantrine (its major metabolite) enantiomer concentrations in whole well contents (cells + media). Concentrations of desbutylhalofantrine were not measurable. The disappearance (apparent metabolism) of (-)-HF exceeded that of antipode, but HF metabolism did not differ between hepatocytes from NL and HL rats. Coincubation of HL rat serum with NL hepatocytes caused a significant decrease in the disappearance of (-)-HF, whereas in HL hepatocytes, a substantially decreased apparent metabolism was noted for both enantiomers. Compared with NL serum, (-)-HF disappearance was significantly lowered upon preincubation of NL hepatocytes with HL serum. A combination of factors including diminished drug metabolizing or lipoprotein receptor expression, and increased plasma protein binding in the wells, may have contributed to a decrease in apparent metabolism of the HF enantiomers in the presence of lipoproteins from HL rat serum.  相似文献   

12.
乳腺癌已经成为全球第一大癌症,其发病机制及治疗方法的探索越来越受到人们重视。脂质代谢异常是癌细胞中最突出的代谢改变之一,探索乳腺癌细胞中脂质代谢的改变,以寻找新的诊断指标和治疗靶点是至关重要的。本文从脂肪酸代谢、甘油三酯代谢、胆固醇代谢和脂质代谢信号通路4个方面介绍脂质代谢异常在乳腺癌中的研究进展,为靶向脂质代谢治疗乳腺癌提供新思路和新方法。  相似文献   

13.
细胞色素P450(CYP450)是一类含亚铁血红素的单加氧酶,广泛存在于各类生物体内,参与多种外源物质的代谢和内源物质的转化,如甾类激素、胆汁酸、胆固醇等的代谢。胆固醇是一种环戊烷多氢菲的衍生物,也是人类重要的脂类物质和许多特殊生物活性物质的前体之一,当其过量时会导致高胆固醇血症、动脉粥样硬化、静脉血栓生成等,对机体产生不利的影响。微生物CYP450酶可催化胆固醇的生物代谢,特别是其中的CYP125酶是胆固醇分解代谢起始的关键酶,可用作调节胆固醇代谢的药物靶标。  相似文献   

14.
    
Cardiac triacylglycerol (TG) catabolism critically depends on the TG hydrolytic activity of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Perilipin 5 (Plin5) is expressed in cardiac muscle (CM) and has been shown to interact with ATGL and its coactivator comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58). Furthermore, ectopic Plin5 expression increases cellular TG content and Plin5-deficient mice exhibit reduced cardiac TG levels. In this study we show that mice with cardiac muscle-specific overexpression of perilipin 5 (CM-Plin5) massively accumulate TG in CM, which is accompanied by moderately reduced fatty acid (FA) oxidizing gene expression levels. Cardiac lipid droplet (LD) preparations from CM of CM-Plin5 mice showed reduced ATGL- and hormone-sensitive lipase-mediated TG mobilization implying that Plin5 overexpression restricts cardiac lipolysis via the formation of a lipolytic barrier. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed TG hydrolytic activities in preparations of Plin5-, ATGL-, and CGI-58-transfected cells. In vitro ATGL-mediated TG hydrolysis of an artificial micellar TG substrate was not inhibited by the presence of Plin5, whereas Plin5-coated LDs were resistant toward ATGL-mediated TG catabolism. These findings strongly suggest that Plin5 functions as a lipolytic barrier to protect the cardiac TG pool from uncontrolled TG mobilization and the excessive release of free FAs.  相似文献   

15.
    
Animal models link ectopic lipid accumulation to renal dysfunction, but whether this process occurs in the human kidney is uncertain. To this end, we investigated whether altered renal TG and cholesterol metabolism results in lipid accumulation in human diabetic nephropathy (DN). Lipid staining and the expression of lipid metabolism genes were studied in kidney biopsies of patients with diagnosed DN (n = 34), and compared with normal kidneys (n = 12). We observed heavy lipid deposition and increased intracellular lipid droplets. Lipid deposition was associated with dysregulation of lipid metabolism genes. Fatty acid β-oxidation pathways including PPAR-α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, acyl-CoA oxidase, and L-FABP were downregulated. Downregulation of renal lipoprotein lipase, which hydrolyzes circulating TGs, was associated with increased expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4. Cholesterol uptake receptor expression, including LDL receptors, oxidized LDL receptors, and acetylated LDL receptors, was significantly increased, while there was downregulation of genes effecting cholesterol efflux, including ABCA1, ABCG1, and apoE. There was a highly significant correlation between glomerular filtration rate, inflammation, and lipid metabolism genes, supporting a possible role of abnormal lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of DN. These data suggest that renal lipid metabolism may serve as a target for specific therapies aimed at slowing the progression of glomerulosclerosis.  相似文献   

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17.
    
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18.
Drug discovery opportunities where loss-of-function alleles of a target gene link to a disease-relevant phenotype often require an agonism approach to up-regulate or re-establish the activity of the target gene. Antibody therapy is increasingly recognized as a favored drug modality due to multiple desirable pharmacological properties. However, agonistic antibodies that enhance the activities of the target enzymes are rarely developed because the discovery of agonistic antibodies remains elusive. Here we report an innovative scheme of discovery and characterization of human antibodies capable of binding to and agonizing a circulating enzyme lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Utilizing a modified human LCAT protein with enhanced enzymatic activity as an immunogen, we generated fully human monoclonal antibodies using the XenoMouseTM platform. One of the resultant agonistic antibodies, 27C3, binds to and substantially enhances the activity of LCAT from humans and cynomolgus macaques. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the 2.45 Å LCAT-27C3 complex shows that 27C3 binding does not induce notable structural changes in LCAT. A single administration of 27C3 to cynomolgus monkeys led to a rapid increase of plasma LCAT enzymatic activity and a 35% increase of the high density lipoprotein cholesterol that was observed up to 32 days after 27C3 administration. Thus, this novel scheme of immunization in conjunction with high throughput screening may represent an effective strategy for discovering agonistic antibodies against other enzyme targets. 27C3 and other agonistic human anti-human LCAT monoclonal antibodies described herein hold potential for therapeutic development for the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease.  相似文献   

19.
This review is devoted to contemporary status of investigation of C-29 and C-28 plant sterols (phytosterols) in relation to their biological activity in mammals and mammalian cells. On the basis of experimental studies published during the last decade the following questions are discussed: phytosterols and nutrition; phytosterols and body cholesterol level; phytosterols and intestinal absorption of lipids, the role of phytosterols in lipid metabolism regulation; phytosterols and cultured mammalian cells; products of phytosterols oxidation; phytoecdysteroids and induced gene expression.  相似文献   

20.
随着后基因组时代的到来,药物发现研究领域不断涌现出一系列新思路、新技术、新方法,从而迅速推进药物发现的多元化发展。一方面,基因组学、蛋白质组学、转录组学、代谢组学、生物信息学、系统生物学等新兴学科的崛起与发展,为药物发现提供更为广泛而深刻的理论基础;另一方面,计算机辅助药物设计、高通量筛选、高内涵筛选、生物芯片、转基因和RNA干扰等高新技术的发展和完善,为药物发现提供了新的技术手段和有力工具,极大地拓宽了药物发现的途径。本文结合近年来现代生物学的研究进展,综述现代生物学对药物发现过程的影响。  相似文献   

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