恒定磁场对仔鼠遗传学指标的影响

将孕母鼠整个孕期暴露于不同强度的恒定磁场下(0.04T,0.08T,0.12T)仔鼠出生后一月,以染色体时畸变率、姐妹染色单体交换率为指标,以测定恒磁场对仔鼠体内骨髓细胞染色体的影响。结果显示,虽然染色体畸变率与对照组相比差异无显著性,但是其染色体畸变率随磁场强度增大频率有升高趋势。姐妹染色单体交换率亦随磁场强度增大频率有增高趋势,到0.12T磁场暴露下与对照组相比交换频率明显增高,差异有显著性。说明磁场出生前暴露对仔鼠遗传物质具有一定的影响。     

恒定磁场出生前暴露对仔鼠生长发育的影响

目的:探讨不同强度恒定磁场出生前暴露对仔鼠生后生长发育的影响。方法:将30只孕鼠自怀孕第0天始分别置于不同强度的恒定磁场(0.04T;0.08T;0.12T)中饲养,10只孕鼠作为对照。孕鼠让其自然分娩。仔鼠生后第2、3、8、20、22天分别开始观察和记录耳廓张开、平面翻正、张眼、睾丸下降、阴唇张开的时间。结果:耳廓张开及睁眼的时间在0.12T组分别为4.42±0.48天及14.19±0.94天,较对照组耳廓张开时间4.01±0.47天和睁眼时间13.21±0.79天相比差异有统计学意义,与其他强度磁场组相比无显著性差异.平面翻正、阴唇张开及睾丸下降出现时间在各组间相比差异无统计学意义。结论:恒定磁场出生前暴露可能对仔鼠的生长发育起到一定的影响,这种影响可能与磁场强度具有相关性。随着磁场强度的增加各个器官生长发育的时间相对延长。     

恒定磁场对小鼠精子毒性作用的实验研究

观察不同强度恒定磁场对雄鼠睾丸、附睾重量、精子数量、精子活动度及精子形态的影响. 结果显示睾丸与附睾重量各组无显著差异, 精子数量在实验组与对照组中亦无明显改变. 在 0.12T磁场环境暴露下, 雄鼠精子畸形率增加及活动率下降, 与对照组相比有显著差异. (P< 0.01), 提示磁场对小鼠精子有一定毒性, 并且毒性与其强度有关.     

氧氟沙星对小鼠生殖毒性和致畸性的研究

目的研究氧氟沙星对昆明系小鼠胚胎和胎鼠发育的影响,确定其是否存在生殖毒性和致畸性。方法①雄鼠分别灌服各剂量氧氟沙星,连续10d,末次给药24h后与母鼠合笼,在妊娠第三天取胚胎,记录各剂量组胚胎发育率。②孕鼠妊娠零天给药,分别经口灌服高、中、低剂量[36、72和360mg(kg.bw)]氧氟沙星溶液,连续给药3d,在妊娠第三天收集胚胎,记录胚胎发育率。③孕鼠妊娠零天给药,分别经口灌服各剂量氧氟沙星溶液,连续给药10d,在妊娠第16天取出胎鼠,记录胎鼠体重、胎盘重、活胎数、胎鼠外观畸形和内脏畸形等指标。结果给药组与对照组相比,雄鼠服用高剂量组360mg(kg.bw)氧氟沙星对着床前胚胎发育影响显著(P<0.05),而中等剂量和低剂量组对着床前胚胎发育的影响不显著(P>0.05)。雌鼠服用不同剂量氧氟沙星对着床前胚胎发育影响不显著(P>0.05)。氧氟沙星对受孕鼠的活胎数和吸收胎数均无明显影响,给药组的活鼠体重、胎盘重均未见明显差异(P>0.05);药物组和对照组均未出现外观畸形和内脏畸形,也不存在剂量和效应关系。结论孕鼠服用不同剂氧氟沙星对昆明系小鼠胚胎和胎鼠发育无明显的影响,表明氧氟沙星对雌性鼠不具有明显的生殖毒性和致畸性;但雄鼠服用高剂量氧氟沙星对着床前胚胎发育影响显著。     

胎仔数与父本缺失对棕色田鼠幼仔体重发育的影响

室内饲养条件下,测量了出生后不同发育阶段棕色田鼠Microtus mandarinus的体重,并探讨了胎仔数(分别为1只、2只、3只和4只)及父本缺失(母鼠单独抚育)对幼仔体重发育的影响.结果表明,棕色田鼠出生后第一周体重的瞬时生长率最高,此后逐步下降;出生后28～35 d,体重增益最大(P<0.05).出生后7 d,不同胎仔数的体重没有明显差异,但至断乳时(出生后21 d),胎仔数为2只的幼仔平均体重明显高于其它胎仔数的平均体重(P<0.05).与双亲抚育相比,母鼠单独抚育的幼仔在断乳时的体重明显下降(P<0.05).这些结果说明,哺乳期内棕色田鼠幼仔的体重发育与胎仔数有关.由于棕色田鼠是单配制,双亲育幼,父本雄鼠的缺失减少了亲本投资,影响了幼仔的身体发育.     

电磁脉冲对孕鼠及其胚胎的影响

目的：探讨电磁脉冲（electromagneticpulses,E脚）对孕期小鼠及其胚胎发育的影响。方法：采用不同场强的EMP（分别为0、50、100、200、400kV·m-1）辐照器官形成期的BALB／c孕鼠,于孕18天解剖小鼠,测量孕鼠体重增长值、脏器／体重,胎盘重、胎鼠体重、身长、尾长,并记录吸收胎、死胎、生长发育迟缓及畸胎的数量。结果：各辐照剂量组孕鼠体重增长值、脏器／体重与对照组相比均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;胎盘重、胎鼠体重、身长、尾长数值明显低于对照组（P〈O．01）。50、400kV·m-1和100、200、400kV·m-1辐照组可分别导致死胎率和生长发育迟缓率增加（P〈0．05）,在400kV·m-1的EMP辐照组中,畸胎数也有升高的趋势,其中,畸胎主要表现为肢体和骨发育异常。结论：本实验条件下,不同场强的EMP辐照可对器官形成期小鼠胚胎的生长发育产生一定的影响,胚胎肢芽及骨发育可能是EMP作用的特殊靶点。     

剃毛和增加胎仔数对KM 小鼠哺乳期能量收支的影响

为探讨最大持续能量收支限制的因素和生理机理,本文测定了增加胎仔数和背部剃毛的KM 小鼠的哺乳
期摄食量和繁殖输出。基础代谢率(BMR)以封闭式流体压力呼吸计测定。结果发现,增加胎仔数对哺乳期体
重、摄食量、热传导率、BMR 和胎仔重的影响不显著;与非剃毛对照组相比,剃毛使哺乳高峰期日平均摄食量
增加了13.8% (P<0.001)、BMR 增加了18.1% (P< 0.01)、热传导增加了30.8% (P< 0.01),但剃毛对体
重、胎仔数和胎仔重的影响不显著;胎仔数与断乳时胎仔重显著正相关,与幼体平均体重显著负相关。BMR 与
母体体重和胎仔重显著正相关。这些结果表明,KM 小鼠哺乳期能量收支受到了限制,剃毛显著增强了KM 小鼠
的散热能力,但未影响繁殖输出;支持“外周限制假说”,不符合“热耗散限制假说”。     

碘缺乏或碘过量对小鼠子二代生长发育的影响

目的探讨碘缺乏和碘过量所致的甲状腺功能低下对小鼠子二代生长发育的影响。方法将断乳1个月Baldb／c小鼠,随机分为5组（LI,NI,5HI,10HI,50H1）。给以不同浓度碘水喂养3个月后,连续传二代。观察碘缺乏和碘过量对子二代小鼠生长发育的影响。结果20日龄时,各组子二代鼠与NI组相比,LI组与50HI组的T4明显降低;LI组的体重明显降低,50HI组体重、身长、尾长、胸腺、脾均明显降低,脑相对重量增加。40日龄时,各组子二代鼠与NI组相比,LI组T4明显降低;碘缺乏组的体重、身长、胸腺、脾、肾上腺的重量均明显降低,脑相对重量明显增加;50HI组体重、身长、尾长明显降低。结论碘缺乏,高剂量碘过量均可引起甲状腺功能低下,使子二代鼠的生长发育延迟。碘缺乏对生长发育的影响比碘过量更为明显。但小鼠对碘过量有较强的耐受性,当碘摄入量为正常的50倍时,才会影响下一代的生长发育。     

蝉棒束孢子实体的致畸性评价及对高血糖小鼠血糖的影响

对妊娠第7-16天Wistar大鼠连续给予口服蝉棒束孢子实体低、中、高3个剂量（0.85、1.70、3.40g/kg）10d,观察给药组对大鼠孕期体重、死胎率、吸收胎率、活胎数、每窝平均胎仔数、胎鼠重、胎鼠身长、前囟宽度、子宫连胎重及胎鼠外观、内脏发育、骨骼发育的影响,研究妊娠动物接触蝉棒束孢子实体后引起的致畸可能性。对正常小鼠、STZ致高血糖模型小鼠给予口服不同剂量的人工培植蝉棒束孢子实体（0.4、0.25、0.125g/kg）,测定空腹血糖及糖耐量,评价蝉棒束孢子实体的降血糖作用。结果表明：与阴性对照组相比,人工培植蝉棒束孢子实体各剂量组在大鼠孕期体重、死胎率、吸收胎率、胎鼠重、胎鼠身长和前囟宽度、胎鼠外观、内脏和骨骼发育等方面均无显著性差异（P>0.05）;与模型对照组（0g/kg BW）相比,人工培植蝉棒束孢子实体中、低两个剂量组均能降低STZ致高血糖模型小鼠给葡萄糖后0.5h血糖水平（P<0.05）,低剂量组能明显降低高血糖模型小鼠0-2h血糖曲线下面积,且对小鼠体重及正常小鼠空腹血糖均无不良影响。提示人工培植蝉棒束孢子实体对大鼠无明显的母体毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸性;对高血糖小鼠具有降血糖的作用。     

孕期大鼠暴露PFOS对胎鼠肝脏毒性的影响

目的:研究在孕期暴露PFOS对胎鼠的肝脏毒性的影响.方法:将孕期为12天的16只SD雌性大鼠,随机分为4组给予不同剂量的PFOS[0(对照),5,10,20 mg·kg-1],连续灌胃7天,在GD19天时对母鼠和胎鼠的体重、胎鼠肝脏的生化指标、母鼠血清的生化指标进行了相应的检测.结果:与对照组相比,母鼠体重在20 mg·kg-1组显著下降(P＜0.001);胎鼠的体重和体长在20mg·kg-1组显著下降(P＜0.001);胎鼠的肝脏重量降低,呈剂量依赖性,并伴有肝细胞浊肿、变性甚至坏死;10 mg· kg-1组胎鼠肝脏中的酶活性(ALT、AST、GGT和ALP等)显著升高(P＜0.001);母鼠血清的大部分生化指标未发生明显变化.结论:孕期大鼠暴露在PFOS的环境下会严重损伤胎鼠的肝脏功能.     

Power-frequency magnetic fields at 50 Hz do not affect fertility and development in rats and mice

In the present study, the effects of power-frequency magnetic fields (PF-MF) on fertility and development were investigated in rats and mice. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: a sham exposure group and 30-µT, 100-µT and 500-µT PF-MF exposure groups. The rats were exposed for 24 weeks, and the exposure time for mice ranged from 18 d to 12 weeks, dependent on the different investigated end points. The rats and mice were exposed for 20 h/d. Plasma hormone levels in rats and mice were analyzed. Furthermore, pregnancy rates and implanted embryos were recorded in pregnant mice. Finally, the neonatal growth of mice was evaluated. The results showed that none of the three intensities affected the body weight and paired ovary weight in female rats. Meanwhile, none of the three intensities affected the body weight, weights of paired testes, weights of paired epididymis and sperm count in male rats. Similarly, no significant differences were found in plasma sex hormone levels between the different PF-MF exposure groups and the sham exposure group. In addition, the pregnancy rates and implanted embryos were not significantly different between the four groups. Moreover, PF-MF exposures had no effects on either the number of fetuses in pregnant mice or the growth and development of neonatal mice.     

Increased resorptions in CBA mice exposed to low-frequency magnetic fields: An attempt to replicate earlier observations

This paper has two aims. First, it reports the findings of a study on the effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on reproduction. Second, it serves as an example of an attempt to replicate the results of an experimental study in an independent laboratory and discusses some of the problems of replication studies. To try to replicate the findings of a study reporting increased resorptions (fetal loss) in mice exposed to 20 kHz magnetic fields with sawtooth waveform and to study the possible effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal fields, pregnant mice were exposed to magnetic fields from day 0 to 18 of pregnancy, 24 h per day. The flux densities of the vertical magnetic fields were 15 μT (peak-to-peak) at 20 kHz and 13 or 130 μT (root mean square) at 50 Hz. Two strains of animals were used: CBA/S mice imported from the laboratory reporting the original observations, and a closely related strain CBA/Ca. The CBA/S mice were cleaned of pathogenic microbes and parasites before they were imported into our laboratory. The magnetic field exposures did not affect resorption rate in CBA/Ca mice. In CBA/S, the frequency of resorptions was higher in the exposed mice than in the control group. However, the increase was not significantly different from either the no-effect hypothesis or the results of the original study we were attempting to replicate. Differences between the two studies and difficulties in interpreting the results are discussed. It is concluded that the results tend more to support than argue against increased resorptions in CBA/S mice exposed to the 20 kHz magnetic field. The results demonstrate that animal strain is an important variable in bioelectromagnetics research: even closely related strains may show different responses to magnetic field exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 18:410–417, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on fetal development in rats

We studied effects of alternating magnetic fields on the embryonic and fetal development of rats. Mated females of the Han:Wistar-strain were sham exposed or exposed continuously to a 50-Hz field or to a 20,000 pulse-per-second (pps) sawtooth magnetic field from day 0 to day 20 of pregnancy for 24 h/day until necropsied on day 20. The respective peak-to-peak intensities of the fields were 35.6 μT (sinewave) and 15.0 μT (sawtooth). Each treatment group contained 72 bred females. Control animals were kept under the same conditions without the magnetic field. No adverse effects were seen in the dams. The mean numbers of implantations and living fetuses per litter were statistically significantly increased in the 50-Hz group. There were, however, three total resorptions of litters in dams of the control group, which contributed to the difference in the number of living fetuses. The corrected body-mass gains (gains without uterine content) of dams were similar in all groups. Pregnancy rates, incidences of resorptions. late fetal deaths, and fetal body masses were similar in all groups. The incidence of fetuses with minor skeletal anomalies was statistically significantly increased in both exposed groups. Only one serious malformation (anophthalmia, sawtooth-exposed group) and a few minor visceral malformations were found. In conclusion, the magnetic fields used in this study did not increase the incidence of major malformations or resorptions in Wistar rats. The increased number of skeletal anomalies and implantations we observed indicates, however, that some developmental effects in rats may attend exposure to time-varying magnetic fields. © 1993 Wiley-Liss. Inc.     

A system for simultaneous exposure of small animals to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields

Equipment designed for simultaneous exposure of rodents to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields is described. Three identical systems were constructed, each capable of continuous exposure of 256 rats or 640 mice to a nominal electric field at less than 50 kV/m, and to horizontal and vertical magnetic fields at less than 1 mT. Design features, construction details, and results of various tests of the systems are described. Tests were made: of phase relations between electric and magnetic fields; of uniformity of electric and magnetic fields; of changes across time in electric-field intensity as a result of animals' soiling of cages and various washing routines; of resistance of bedding material during humid and dry conditions; and of acoustic noise due to background, to field-generation equipment, and to air conditioning equipment. The results demonstrated that fields were effectively generated but that significant and troublesome changes in electric-field intensity occurred because of cage-soiling. However, when cages were frequently cleaned, field intensities were consistent from one exposure to another.     

应用单细胞凝胶电泳研究甲醛的发育毒性(简报)

甲醛(HCHO)属于高挥发性极易溶于水的小分子醛类化合物,是人们日常生活中经常接触的一种空气污染物。甲醛可以引起各种相关疾病,2004年已被世界卫生组织提升为AI类化合物——人类致     

Evaluation of potential health effects of 10 kHz magnetic fields: A short-term mouse toxicology study

A high-frequency inductive power distribution (HID) technology has been developed that generates sinusoidal magnetic fields at a frequency of 10 kHz. In typical industrial applications, field intensities in the order of 0.2 mT can be expected between the current-carrying coils. Because the possible health effects of 10 kHz sinusoidal magnetic fields of this type had never been investigated, a broad evaluation of possible effects on animal health was made in a preliminary 14 day acute study and in a 90 day subchronic study using male and female B6C3F1 mice. Exposures were at 0.08, 0.28, and 1.0 mT vs. a background exposure of 3.7 μT and were essentially continuous. These studies failed to demonstrate any health effects that can be clearly related to the magnetic field exposure. No changes in animal behaviour or indications of morbidity were detected during the initial exposure to the fields. There were no significant differences in body weight between exposed and unexposed (control) mice at any time in the study, and the clinical chemistry and hematology parameters were essentially unchanged. Although minor differences in some clinical chemistry and hematology parameters were seen between control and exposure groups, the lack of exposure dependence, the lack of consistency between sexes, and the lack of correspondence with the results of the two studies all suggest that these were chance associations. Even if the changes were real, the magnitude of the changes was very small and does not indicate serious biological effects. Finally, all organs were macroscopically and microscopically normal except for isolated, generally mild, histological lesions and lesions that were ascribed to fighting among males. There was no obvious association with field intensity. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

人胎脑源性神经前体细胞致瘤性评价

目的:研究体外培养的人胎脑源性神经前体细胞的致瘤性。方法:将人胎脑源神经前体细胞体外培养至第1、25、40、60代,且每代细胞分别制备成神经球及单个细胞混悬液两种制剂,并取293T细胞作为阳性对照,共9组,每组5只,分别皮下接种于4~8周龄的BALB/C裸鼠,接种后饲养6个月,定期观察裸鼠精神状态、饮食、排便、以及接种局部有无出现结节或肿块,接种6个月后处死裸鼠,对接种局部及内脏进行组织病理切片及HE染色。结果:将人胎脑源性神经前体细胞接种于裸鼠皮下6个月未见肿瘤形成,且未见其他异常组织形成;而阳性对照组293T细胞接种于裸鼠皮下1个月后可见明显肿瘤形成。结论:人胎脑源神经前体细胞对裸鼠不具有体内致瘤性。