豆天蛾幼虫肠道优势菌株的鉴定研究

豆天蛾是一种传统食用资源昆虫,具有巨大的开发利用价值。以往对豆天蛾的研究多集中于温度、湿度、光照和密度等环境因素对豆天蛾的影响,本文则从微生态学角度研究豆天蛾营养生理情况及微生物对其寄主的影响,发掘豆天蛾肠道优势菌株,为探索一套适用于豆天蛾工厂化生产的人工繁育技术提供理论依据。本研究从1～5龄及越冬幼虫中共分离得到不同细菌23株,确定出其中2株细菌为豆天蛾幼虫肠道优势细菌。经系统分类鉴定法及16SDNA法鉴定,得出2株细菌分别属于葡萄球菌和芽胞杆菌。     

大豆品种(系)和种植密度对豆天蛾幼虫存活及生长发育的影响

豆天蛾Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell幼虫,是一种食用昆虫,富含蛋白质、维生素和矿质元素,具有很高的营养、药用和经济价值。了解适宜豆天蛾幼虫生长发育的大豆品种（品系）和种植密度,可为豆天蛾幼虫规模化饲养提供理论基础。研究通过设置两因素裂区实验,在10个品种（品系）大豆和2个种植密度水平下,测定豆天蛾幼虫生物学参数,明确适宜豆天蛾幼虫养殖的大豆品种（品系）和种植密度。结果表明,不同大豆品种（系）和种植密度对豆天蛾幼虫存活及生长发育均有显著影响;其中使用连151、淮豆9号、东辛3号和H0573大豆饲养的豆天蛾幼虫产量和存活率较高,虫体长度较长,发育历期较短;大青豆饲养的豆天蛾幼虫产量较低,幼虫发育整齐度较差,发育历期长。当种植密度为40 cm×30 cm时,豆天蛾幼虫存活和发育历期整齐度均显著高于种植密度40 cm×15 cm。综上所述,较适宜豆天蛾幼虫养殖的大豆品种（品系）为连151、淮豆9号、东辛3号和H0573,种植密度为40 cm×30 cm。     

豆天蛾幼虫肠道细菌的初步研究

目的从微生态学角度探索豆天蛾的营养生理活动,了解其肠道菌群构成,找出具有利用价值的菌类,为豆天蛾的资源化开发和生物防治提供一定理论依据和技术基础。方法按照传统的培养分离方法从豆天蛾幼虫肠道消化道内分离纯化获得23个不同菌株,分别对其培养性状、菌体形态、染色反应和生理生化性状进行了系统研究。结果得到以葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）、地衣芽胞杆菌（B．lichenifomis）、丙酸杆菌属（Propionibacterium）为主的细菌23种,并记录了各种细菌的存在情况及数量。结论豆天蛾的菌群种类与其生活习性有关,为进一步研究适合豆天蛾幼虫生长和繁殖的人工饲料提供数据参考。     

豆天蛾越冬幼虫滞育解除后生物学特性的研究

[目的]豆天蛾Clanis bilineata tsingtauica以老熟幼虫进入滞育越冬,为探明豆天蛾滞育解除的机制.[方法]本研究设置4个不同温度梯度,在恒湿条件下,研究不同温度处理下豆天蛾滞育持续时间、化蛹及羽化的差异.[结果]温度对豆天蛾滞育解除存在一定影响.随着温度升高,豆天蛾滞育持续时间和蛹期逐渐缩短,在35℃条件下滞育持续时间和蛹期最短,分别为(34.4±0.3)d和(6.7±1.2)d;而化蛹率、蛹重随温度的升高呈先升高后降低,在25 ℃时,化蛹率最高为(80.60±0.26)％,在30 ℃时,蛹重最大为(4.21±0.07)g/头.豆天蛾成虫羽化率随温度升高而显著降低;25℃条件下,单雌产卵量最大,达到(204±9)粒.本室内条件下,豆天蛾滞育解除的有效积温为111¨日·度.[结论]在温度为25 ℃的条件下最有利于豆天蛾滞育解除后的生长发育.     

豆天蛾的人工饲养

豆天蛾是一种大型的农业害虫,在我国西部和北部地区广泛分布,江苏连云港地区有着独特的食虫文化－－烧豆丹系列菜肴,模拟豆天蛾的生活习性进行人工饲养,不仅能保证大豆产量,变害为宝,而且还取得了良好的经济效益,是一项有价值的生物资源可持续利用的新技术。     

四种主要大豆食叶害虫种群空间分布型及其应用研究

通过分层随机与连片调查获得114个样本．利用微机分别对豆天蛾卵和豆天蛾．银纹夜蛾．棉铃虫．豆灰蝶及混合种群的幼虫．进行了4种频次分布型检验和6项聚集度指标的测定．结果表明．上述害虫在豆田内均属零集分布．中分析了聚集原因．提出了“Z”字型10样点,每样点以1／3m双行为单位的抽样方法．确立了在两种允许误差下的抽样数量．进行了序贯抽样分析。     

虫草属一新种

本文报道了采自山东泰山的一种虫生子囊菌——虫草属的一个新种,命名为泰山虫草 Cordyceps taishanensis Liu et Cao,寄生于豆天蛾 Clanisbilineata tsingtauica Mell.幼虫体上。     

一株雀纹天蛾核型多角体病毒的鉴定及其基因组序列分析

从自然死亡的雀纹天蛾幼虫分离到一株雀纹天蛾核型多角体病毒。通过扫描及切片透射电镜发现,该病毒为单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒,命名为ThjaSNPV(Theretra japonica single nucleopolyhedrovirus)。病毒全基因组重测序后拼接显示,该病毒基因组全长134 899 bp,GC含量37.28%,与豆天蛾单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒株DZ1基因组序列相似性高达96.24%。ThjaSNPV含有131个开放阅读框（ORF）其中55个为正链基因,76个为负链基因,与宿主同为天蛾科的豆天蛾单粒包埋型核型多角体基因组相比,雀纹天蛾单粒包埋型核型多角体病毒新注释到7个基因：chitin-binding protein(ORF9),ODV-E18(ORF11),lef-11(ORF27),hypothetical protein(ORF41),lef-10(ORF42),pif-6(ORF66),P6.9(ORF88)。ThjaSNPV的DNA光裂酶基因（DNA photolyase,ORF53）中不具有豆天蛾NPV中的1bp碱基的缺失,只编码一个大的完整DNA裂合酶。3...     

豆天蛾胚胎发育特征及药剂对卵的杀伤作用

根据卵色变和胚胎的解剖学特征,豆天蛾的胚胎发育过程中可分为４个阶段,４种药剂（功夫菊酯,灭多威,久效磷,甲基对硫磷）的杀卵效果随胚胎发育的进展逐渐提高。     

山东豆天蛾的观察及其防治

豆天蛾是山东省大豆的主要害虫,全省历年发生面积约有2,000万亩,受害后一般减产20—30％,严重的减产6％以上,甚至颗粒不收。1954年郓城县12区受害大豆5万亩,平均     

Egg size affects larval performance in a coleopteran parasitoid

Abstract 1. Optimal progeny size models assume that the more eggs a female produces, the lower the amount of resource allocated per egg. As egg size generally correlates with the fitness of the emerging immature, this trade‐off can be expressed as a choice between the production of numerous low quality or fewer high quality progeny. 2. The first‐instar larvae of the coleopteran parasitoid Aleochara bilineata have to search for and parasitise dipteran pupae. The present study found a positive correlation between egg size and larval weight, but not between egg size and development time. Larger first‐instar larvae survived longer, were more active, and found and parasitised their host more rapidly. 3. Female A. bilineata may invest smaller larvae in conditions of high host density and low intraspecific competition, but investing fewer, larger larvae would bring them more fitness when hosts are scarce and competition high.     

Combining DNA sequences and morphology in systematics: testing the validity of the dragonfly species Cordulegaster bilineata

Morphological and molecular techniques are rarely combined when answering questions of taxonomic validity. In this study, we combine morphological techniques with DNA sequences to determine the validity of the dragonfly species Cordulegaster bilineata. The two dragonfly species C. bilineata and C. diastatops are very similar in size, body color, and morphological characters, and due to these similarities, the status of C. bilineata as a valid species is in question. In this study we compare morphological measurements of males and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) sequences of rDNA between the two taxa. The hamule measurements (where copulation occurs) of males show little difference between the taxa in question, but the anal appendage measurements (where the male first contacts the female) show marked divergence between the two taxa. Cluster analysis with these anal appendage measurements correctly assigns almost all individuals measured into their respective taxon. PCR amplification products of ITS-1 display a approximately 50 bp size difference between C. bilineata (n = 4) and C. diastatops (n = 5) regardless of collection site. Sequence data for these amplifications show 51 bp missing in one locus in the ITS-1 of C. bilineatarelative to C. diastatops. A lone population of C. diastatops from Wisconsin has three individuals with ITS-1 products that match the size of both C. bilineata and C. diastatops. One individual from this population appears to yield two ITS-1 amplification products that match both C. bilineata and C. diastatops. Although this population may be evidence for hybridization between the two taxa, such hybridization is not necessarily sufficient to disqualify the validity of a separate species designation for C. bilineata. Morphology and ITS-1 sequences depict a high degree of divergence that is consistent with species-level differences.     

江西井冈山国家级自然保护区蝶类资源研究

2002年至2008年对井冈山国家级自然保护区的蝴蝶种类进行调查,共发现有蝴蝶231种,隶属ll科128属,其中包括国家I级保护动物金斑喙凤蝶Teinopalpus aureus Mell。离斑带蛱蝶Athymaranga Moore、珠翠蛱蝶Euthaliaper MlaChouetWang、斜带缺尾蚬蝶Dodonaouida Moore和花裙陀弄蝶Thoressa submacula（Leech）这4种为江西省新记录,另有135种为保护区首次记载。井冈山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶区系成分以东洋界为主,占总种数的73．26％。     

Infochemicals mediating the foraging behaviour of Aleochara bilineata Gyllenhal adults: sources of attractants

Aleochara bilineata Gyll. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) adults feed on eggs and larvae of cabbage maggot, Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), and might be used to control this pest. We undertook tests in a Y-tube olfactometer to determine if infochemicals are involved in the food foraging behaviour of A. bilineata adults and to precisely determine the potential sources of stimuli. A. bilineata adults oriented toward the stimuli from both the food-plant of the prey (rutabaga: Brassica napus var. napobrassica (L.) Reichb.) and the prey-plant complex (rutabaga infested by cabbage maggot larvae), but adults significantly preferred the effluvia of infested to uninfested rutabaga in a choice test. The sources of infochemicals in the infested rutabaga were the cabbage maggot larvae themselves and their frass. However, in a choice test adults preferred the effluvia of the larvae to that of the damaged rutabaga from which those larvae were obtained. It is not expected that a generalist predator uses precise herbivore-derived signals in food foraging activity, but the preference of A. bilineata adults for the larval volatiles over frass volatiles may reflect the dependence of this species on dipteran pupae for reproduction.     

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Male Scent Marks in the Polygynous Greater Sac-Winged Bat

Scent marks are relatively long-lived signals that can be perceived by conspecifics when the producer is absent. Therefore, it is often not obvious to whom the signal is directed. In daytime roosts of the polygynous greater sac-winged bat, males scent mark territories with facial gland secretions. Territories are a valuable resource for males, as they offer exclusive courtship opportunities, which results in increased male reproductive success and, consequently, increased male–male competition over territories. The information encoded in male scent marks could, therefore, be either directed at females as part of an olfactory courtship display or at male competitors as part of territorial behaviour. We expected territorial males to scent mark in the morning, shortly before females return to the territory and close to female roosting sites, if scent marks are directed at females as part of the courtship display. And we expected harem males to scent mark at the territory boundaries, where male–male encounters are most likely to occur, if scent marks are directed at male competitors. We found that males marked more frequently in the afternoon, at a time when all females have already left the territory, and harem males marked at the territory boundaries and not inside their territory in the area where females roost. At boundaries males fan volatiles from specialised wing sacs towards competitors outside the territory. Scent marking of male Saccopteryx bilineata might therefore be congruent with the assessment-hypothesis, which states that scent marks offer intruders the possibility to make an olfactory assessment of the territory owner without direct physical interaction. Thus, scent marks of male S. bilineata are most likely influenced by male–male competition and not by female choice.