急性梗阻性大肠癌的外科治疗探讨

目的探讨急性肠梗阻性大肠癌的外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院收治的1994年至2008年85例急性梗阻性大肠癌的外科治疗资料。在36例右半结肠癌中,35例行一期右半结肠切除术,1例行捷径手术,在49例左半结肠及直肠癌中,36例行一期切除术,5例单纯造瘘术,5例行麦氏术,3例行Har-tm ann术。结果一期右半结肠切除35例顺利康复,1例重度感染休克死亡;一期左半结肠切除34例,1例肠麻痹,MoF死亡,6例切口感染,2例吻合口漏,再次行横结肠造瘘术。结论对于急性梗阻性大肠癌,应遵循个体化原则,合理选择手术方法,右半结肠癌性肠梗阻,可行一期手术,对于左半结肠癌性急性肠梗阻,行一期手术是可行的,手术并发症的发生率与分期手术的发生率相仿。     

左半结、直肠癌致肠梗阻40例诊治分析

目的:探讨左半结、直肠癌致肠梗阻的外科手术治疗方法.方法:回顾性分析我院2004年2月～2009年1月间的左半结、直肠癌致肠梗阻的外科手术治疗资料.结果:40例患者中,一期行左半结肠切除31例;肿瘤无法切除行结肠造瘘3例,术后并发症发生率10%(4/40),围手术期死亡率5.00%(2/40).结论:重视左半结、直肠癌致肠梗阻的围手术期处理,选择合理的手术方式是减少并发症的前提.     

Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术治疗急性梗阻性结肠癌的临床效果分析

目的:探讨Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术处理急性梗阻性结肠癌的临床效果,为普外科手术提供参考。方法:对我院2011年4月-2013年11月实施Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术的59例急性梗阻性结肠癌患者的临床资料进行分析,并与择期接受结肠癌根治术的42例患者对比。观察两组患者的平均术中出血量、手术时间、切口长度、切除肿瘤大小、清扫淋巴结数、术后肛门排气、并发症发生率、住院时间及肿瘤复发率等。结果:与根治切除术组比较,Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术组患者的平均手术时间及术中出血量无显著性差异(P0.05),但肿瘤切除率及淋巴结清扫情况优于根治切除术组,且手术切口小,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术组患者术后肛门排气时间和下床活动时间早于根治切除术组患者(P0.05);Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术组患者术后并发症的发生率、肿瘤复发转移率均明显低于根治切除术组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后两年的生存率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:Ⅰ期肠切除吻合术用于急诊处理急性梗阻性结肠癌具有良好的手术效果,并发症的发生率低,有利于改善患者术后的生存质量。     

结肠癌所致肠梗阻手术术式选择及临床疗效观察

目的对结肠癌所致肠梗阻采取手术治疗的术式选择以及临床疗效观察进行分析探讨。方法随机抽取在2010年3月-2012年3月间我院收治的由于结肠癌而导致的肠梗阻临床患者病例56例,对其临床资料展开回顾性分析。结果本次56例患者采取一期肠切除吻合术28例,其中实施结肠减压灌洗(ICI)者15例,未行减压灌洗(CPA)者13例Hartmann’s手术18例,行结肠全切或者是次全切(TSC)者10例;各术式组患者的治愈率、死亡率、吻合口瘘、复发率等差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论给予结肠癌致肠梗阻患者及时的早期诊断以及合理的术式选择治疗可以获得十分理想的临床效果,值得注意。     

吲哚菁绿荧光显像技术在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中的临床应用价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨吲哚菁绿荧光显像技术在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中的临床应用价值。方法：选取2020 年6月到2021年6月于我院行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的患者112例,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组各56例。两组均采用腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗,研究组术中应用吲哚菁绿荧光显像技术观察吻合口肠段血运情况。比较两组患者手术相关指标、术后并发症发生率、吻合口漏、吻合口出血发生率及围手术期死亡率。结果：两组患者术中均无死亡,两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、首次肛门排气时间、下床活动时间及术中死亡率比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。研究组腹腔出血、腹腔感染、吻合口漏、吻合口出血发生率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,两组肠梗阻、切口感染、围手术期死亡率比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：应用吲哚菁绿荧光显像技术可以显著降低腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者腹腔出血、腹腔感染、吻合口漏、吻合口出血发生率,在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中具有较好的应用价值。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊对结直肠癌术后肠道菌群及肠黏膜通透性的影响

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊对结直肠癌术后肠道菌群及肠黏膜通透性的影响。方法选取拟行手术治疗的结直肠癌患者78例,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者术前常规禁食、肠道准备,采用开放根治性结/直肠癌切除手术治疗,术后予以围手术期常规治疗,并予以等氮量、等热量的营养支持。观察组术后第3天加用双歧三联活菌胶囊630mg/次,2次/d,连用7d。观察两组患者术前及治疗7d后肠道菌群(双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌、大肠埃希菌和粪肠球菌)及肠黏膜通透性指标[血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)]的变化,并比较感染并发症的发生率。结果治疗7d后,两组患者双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌数量较前明显下降,大肠埃希菌数量较前明显上升(t=2.17、2.25、2.21、2.32、2.89、3.08、2.97、3.12,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组下降或上升的幅度明显小于对照组(t=2.14、2.25、2.18、2.23,P0.05);两组血清DAO水平均较前明显上升(t=2.27、3.21,P0.05或P0.01),且观察组上升幅度明显小于对照组(t=2.23,P0.05);同时观察组患者感染并发症的总发生率明显低于对照组(χ2=5.03,P0.05)。结论结直肠癌术后存在一定程度的肠道菌群的紊乱,肠黏膜通透性上升和肠道屏障功能受损。双歧三联活菌胶囊用于结直肠癌术后可纠正与调节肠道菌群的紊乱,降低肠黏膜通透性,保护与修复肠黏膜屏障功能,从而减少或避免肠道细菌和内毒素的移位,降低感染并发症的发生。     

小切口阑尾切除术治疗急性阑尾炎临床疗效研究

目的:探讨小切口阑尾切除术治疗急性阑尾炎的临床疗效.方法:将我院2009年2月～2011年9月期间收治的120例急性阑尾炎患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例.其中对照组在硬膜外麻醉后采用传统阑尾切除术进行治疗,观察组在连续硬膜外麻醉后采取小切口阑尾切除术进行治疗.对比两组手术时间、住院时间、切口感染发生率及不良反应发生情况.结果:两组患者临床治疗情况比较,观察组切口长度、住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).手术时间比较无明显差异,无统计学意义.两组术后切口感染及并发症情况对比,对照组伤口感染3例、肺部感染1例、切口裂开1例、尿路感染1例、切口疝2例、肠粘连2例、肠梗阻3例;并发症发生率21.67％;观察组伤口感染4例,并发症发生率6.67％.两组比较观察组优于对照组,差异明显具有统计学意义.结论:小切口阑尾切除术具有损伤小、术后恢复快、不良反应少、住院时间短等特点,根据临床病情合理应用能够得到更好的临床效果.     

单切口腹腔镜在结直肠手术中的应用效果及对炎症因子与应激反应的影响

目的:探讨单切口腹腔镜在结直肠手术中的应用效果及对炎症因子与应激反应的影响。方法:选择2018年1月至2019年10月我院接诊的98例结直肠癌患者,通过随机数表法分为2组,每组49例。观察组使用单切口腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,对照组使用传统腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,常规5孔操作法。比较两组围术期相关情况、手术前后血清炎症因子水平的变化、手术后应激反应及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组淋巴结清扫个数、中转开腹例数、术后排气时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组手术时间明显长于对照组,脐切口长度、住院时间、术中出血量均显著短于或低于对照组;两组术后1 d、3 d、5 d时高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、皮质醇(Cor)水平均明显高于术前(P0.05);且观察组术后1d、3d、5d时hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、NE、E、Cor较对照组显著降低(P0.05);两组吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、吻合口出血、小肠穿孔、肠梗阻、感染的总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:和传统5孔操作法相比,单切口腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌患者的手术时间更长,但术后炎症因子表达更低,应激反应更小,有利于患者术后恢复。     

能量平台在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中的临床研究

目的:探讨能量平台在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术中的应用价值,为指导临床治疗提供参考依据。方法:按照随机数字表法将2012年3月~2014年3月我院收治的结直肠癌患者分为两组,观察组行能量平台腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,对照组行传统开腹结直肠癌根治术,术后比较两组的手术效果及并发症情况。结果:观察组的手术时间、术中出血量以及术后住院时间均小于对照组,淋巴结清扫数量大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),两组的术后引流量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。手术后两组的并发症主要有切口感染、吻合口瘘、局部病灶复发、肠梗阻以及腹腔内出血,其中观察组切口感染发生率为1.85%,低于对照组的14.55%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组的其它并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:能量平台辅助腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术能有效地减少术中出血量、手术时间以及术后住院时间,术后感染几率小,因此在临床上有一定的推广应用价值。     

生物钟基因PER2在结直肠癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨PER2基因表达水平和结直肠癌发生发展的关系。方法:收集203例在上海市第一人民医院接受根治性肠切除术结直肠癌患者的标本,通过实时定量PCR和免疫组织化学技术检测PER2在肿瘤组织和邻近正常组织中的表达水平,并对PER2的表达与患者的病理资料和临床预后的相关性进行统计学分析。结果:PER2在结直肠患者肿瘤组织的表达较正常组织减少(P0.001)。与PER2阳性患者相比,PER2阴性的结直肠癌患者有远处转移(P=0.026)、AJCC分期为IV期(P=0.011)的比例更高。结论:PER2基因在结直肠癌患者中存在低表达现象,其对于患者的AJCC分期评价以及了解患者有无远处转移有一定的参考价值。     

腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的临床效果

目的:探讨腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌中的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2015年1月至2017年5月在本院经纤维结肠镜及活组织病理检查确诊为结肠癌的患者作为研究对象,并按照手术方式不同分为开腹手术组及腹腔镜手术组两组,每组各选取93例。开腹手术组采用开腹完整结肠系膜结肠癌根治术进行治疗,腹腔镜手术组采用腹腔镜下完整结肠系膜切除结肠癌根治术进行治疗,比较两组的手术指标、术后并发症和手术质量。结果:与开腹手术组比较,腹腔镜手术组手术时间延长,术中出血量减少,术后排气时间缩短,术后引流量减少,引流管拔管时间缩短,住院时间缩短(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组术后并发症总发生率(20.43%)显著低于开腹手术组(35.48%)(P0.05);切口相关感染发生率(1.08%)明显低于开腹手术组(6.45%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);总感染发生率(11.83%)低于开腹手术组(30.11%)(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组均达到完整系膜切除标准,肿瘤组织、系膜等均整块完整切除且系膜未发现损伤,切除标本质量分级达到C级及以上,切除肠管均距离恶性肿瘤上缘10 cm、下缘15 cm,且对切除肠管上切缘及下切缘的病理组织学检查结果均未发现恶性肿瘤细胞。腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组在清扫淋巴结数量、肿瘤TNM病理分期方面比较均未发现具有统计学差异(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组肿瘤大小明显小于开腹手术组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下完整系膜切除术治疗结肠癌的手术创伤小,可降低术后并发症发生率,但手术时间还有待优化,应用指征还有待进一步拓宽。     

奥曲肽治疗急性粘连性肠梗阻疗效观察

目的:探讨生长抑素对腹部手术后急性粘连性肠梗阻的治疗作用。方法:70例急性粘连性肠梗阻患者随机分为观察组与对照组各35例。对照组予胃肠减压、灌肠、补液及抗感染治疗等常规治疗;观察组在此基础上加用奥曲肽(生长抑素类似物)0.1 mg皮下注射,每8h一次,治疗72 h。观察两组患者腹痛评分、腹痛缓解时间、胃肠减压量、肛门恢复排气时间、立卧位腹部平片、临床缓解情况。结果:观察组34例(97.1%)临床缓解,明显高于对照组的28例(80.0%)(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,观察组在治疗第1、2天后腹痛评分明显下降(均为P<0.01),腹痛缓解时间显著缩短(P<0.01),治疗第1、2、3天的胃肠减压量均显著减少(均为P<0.01),恢复排气时间也明显缩短(P<0.01)。结论:急性粘连性肠梗阻在常规治疗基础上加用生长抑素,可明显改善临床症状,提高疗效。     

关闭盆底腹膜在腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术中的意义

目的:探究关闭盆底腹膜在腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术中的意义。方法:选取2012年3月至2014年3月我院治疗的拟行腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术患者48例,按随机数字法分为观察组和对照组各24例,观察组在腹腔镜Miles根治术后关闭盆底腹膜,而对照组则不关闭。比较两组手术时间、骶前引流总量、切口感染率及肠梗阻发生率。结果:观察组的手术时间较对照组长(t=5.207,P=0.000),但两组的骶前引流总量、切口感染率和肠梗阻发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.210、1.000、0.602)。观察组术后分别有3例(12.50%),对照组有2例(8.33%)患者因肿瘤复发而采取放射治疗,其中仅对照组2例患者出现放射性小肠炎。结论:是否关闭盆底腹膜在腹腔镜直肠癌Miles根治术术后疗效差异不大,但关闭盆底腹膜可有效预防术后放射性治疗中放射性小肠炎的发生。     

Clinical and Diagnostic Significance of Enteroclysis Through Nasointestinal Decompression Intubation

To study the clinical and diagnostic significance of enteroclysis through nasointestinal decompression intubation, thirty-five patients with small bowel obstruction were enrolled. A nasointestinal catheter of 300 cm was placed through the nasal cavity then pushed to the upper jejunum under X-ray realtime monitoring. The patients underwent intra-small-intestinal suction therapy reducing or relieving the obstruction after 3 days. As the catheter reached the lesions, we conducted selective imaging. Using fluoroscopy, we injected 20–100 ml meglumine diatrizoate 76 % and 50–200 ml air via the decompression suction port to produce a double-contrast radiography. The catheter was then retrieved to the upper jejunum, and the X-ray of the small intestine was obtained. All 35 patients had successful intubations. The decompression treatment resolved symptoms in 20 cases and alleviated symptoms in 15 cases. Ten cases underwent surgery. The images obtained by infusing meglumine diatrizoate through the decompression catheter were of good quality. Among the 35 cases, six were absent of any distinct abnormal signs on the X-ray, 15 had adhesive ileus, four had small bowel tumor (three metastatic tumor, one small bowel cancer), three had Crohn’s disease, three had radiation enteritis (one of the three was mistaken for small bowel metastatic tumor), two had enteric intussusception, one had a polyp in the small intestine, one had ascending colon cancer. The nasointestinal decompression intubation under X-ray monitoring serves a dual function for patients with intestine obstruction, by decompressing the small bowel and examining the small intestinal radiographically. The X-rays can confirm the obstruction and provide guidelines for surgery.     

Intrathoracic versus Cervical Anastomosis after Resection of Esophageal Cancer: A matched pair analysis of 72 patients in a single center study

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the early postoperative outcome of esophageal cancer treated by subtotal esophageal resection, gastric interposition and either intrathoracic or cervical anastomosis in a single center study. METHODS: 72 patients who received either a cervical or intrathoracic anastomosis after esophageal resection for esophageal cancer were matched by age and tumor stage. Collected data from these patients were analyzed retrospectively regarding morbidity and mortality rates. RESULTS: Anastomotic leakage rate was significantly lower in the intrathoracic anastomosis group than in the cervical anastomosis group (4 of 36 patients (11 %) vs. 11 of 36 patients (31 %); p = 0.040). The hospital stay was significantly shorter in the intrathoracic anastomosis group compared to the cervical anastomosis group (14 (range 10-110) vs. 26 days (range 12 - 105); p = 0.012). Wound infection and temporary paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve occurred significantly more often in the cervical anastomosis group compared to the intrathoracic anastomosis group (28 % vs. 0 %; p = 0.002 and 11 % vs. 0 %; p = 0.046). The overall Inhospital mortality rate was 6 % (4 of 72 patients) without any differences between the study groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present data support the assumption that the transthoracic approach with an intrathoracic anastomosis compared to a cervical esophagogastrostomy is the safer and more beneficial procedure in patients with carcinoma of the lower and middle third of the esophagus due to a significant reduction of anastomotic leakage, wound infection, paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and shorter hospital stay.     

Application of fast track surgery in routine nursing for patient with colorectal cancer

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of fast track surgery (FTS) in perioperative nursing of colorectal cancer surgery. Background: In recent years, many complicated surgery began to develop in the direction of low invasion and short hospital time, which provides an unprecedented opportunity for the development of fast track surgery (FTS). Methods: According to different nursing measures, 156 cases of colorectal cancer patients treated in our hospital were divided into FTS nursing group (86 cases) and traditional nursing group (70 cases). FTS nursing care and traditional nursing care were respectively employed to analyze and compare postoperative recovery and complications of the two groups. Results: FTS nursing group was significantly shorter than the traditional care group in terms of the first postoperative exhaust time, the first defecation time, the first eating time, ambulation time and postoperative hospital time, with statistical significance (P < .05); compared with the conventional nursing group, FTS group significantly had lower incidence of postoperative intestinal obstruction, lower limb vein thrombus formation and gastrointestinal discomfort, with statistical significance (P < .05); FTS group has less situations of nausea and vomiting, incision infection, pulmonary infection, urinary tract infection and anastomotic leakage compared to the conventional nursing group. Conclusion: FTS nursing can effectively promote the postoperative recovery of intestinal function for patients with colorectal cancer and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, which will relieve postoperative pain and shorten the length of stay, giving patients increased rehabilitation quality.     

Self-expandable metal stents in palliation of malignant gastrointestinal obstruction: review of the current literature data and 5-year experience at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center

Management of malignant gastrointestinal obstruction presents a significant challenge. Most patients are in a profoundly decompensated state due to underlying malignancy and are not ideal candidates for invasive surgical procedures. In recent years, self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) have emerged as an effective and safe, less invasive alternative for the treatment of malignant intestinal obstruction. Here we report a retrospective analysis of 59 SEMS placed for gastroduodenal and colorectal obstruction in 48 patients at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center during the last 5 years, as well as review the literature published on SEMS placement. Technical and clinical success rates were approximately 92% and 80%, respectively. The majority of patients tolerated oral food intake by 36 hours after SEMS. There were no major complications of perforation, bleeding, or death. Thirteen patients had obstructive symptom recurrence, which in most cases was successfully managed with additional endoscopic interventions. Our data confirm SEMS efficacy in palliation of malignant intestinal obstruction with lower rates of major complications than previously reported.