锁骨下静脉穿刺置管术用于晚期肿瘤化疗患者的体会

我科自2003年以来,对12例晚期肿瘤患者采用锁骨下静脉穿刺置管进行化疗,取得了良好的治疗效果。现报告如下。     

双侧锁骨下静脉交替置管与单纯右侧锁骨下静脉置管血培养对比研究

目的探讨双侧锁骨下静脉交替置管与单纯右侧锁骨下静脉置管在ICU患者中的应用效果。方法将我科收治的50例患者随机分为实验组和对照组各25例,两组患者均行锁骨下静脉置管,实验组采用双侧锁骨下静脉交替置管,对照组采用传统的单纯右侧锁骨下静脉置管,观察两组患者的一次置管成功率、置管时间和术后血肿发生情况,并于置管后1、2、3、5天于穿刺口取样及拔管前取导管血、拔管后导管头端行细菌培养,比较两组细菌培养的情况。结果两组患者的一次置管成功率、置管操作时间和术后血肿发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);术后导管相关感染发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双侧锁骨下静脉交替置管术的应用效果优于单纯右侧锁骨下静脉置管术。     

锁骨下静脉硅管保留术临床应用与体会

锁骨下静脉穿刺硅管保留术是一项很有实用价值的技术.自1952年国外报道使用锁骨下静脉作深部静脉输液以来,国内于20世纪60年代初也用于临床.     

超声多普勒技术在323例危重症患者颈内静脉穿刺置管术中的应用

目的:探讨超声多普勒技术在危重症惠者颈内静脉穿刺置管中的临床应用价值.方珐:选取323例预计颈内静脉穿刺困难的危重症患者,在超声引导下行右颈内静脉穿刺置管,记录穿刺时间、一次穿刺置管成功率、二次以上穿刺置管成功率及并发症发生例数.结果:323例患者均在超声引导下行右颈内静脉穿刺置管成功.无一例因穿刺失败改行其他部位中心静脉穿刺.超声多普勒引导穿刺置管操作时间184.6±20.5s.超声多普勒引导一次穿刺置管成功率93%.超声多普勒引导二次以上穿刺置管成功率100%.并发症发生率4.64%.结论:应用超声多普勒技术引导危重症怠者颈内静脉穿刺置管.缩短了置管时间,减少了穿刺次数,提高了一次穿刺成功率.     

封管及穿刺部位使用抗生素预防锁骨下静脉导管相关感染

目的探讨预防锁骨下静脉导管相关感染的方法。方法将锁骨下静脉置管的51例患者随机分为对照组(25例)和实验组(26例)。对照组采用肝素封管;实验组采用肝素加头孢唑啉封管,穿刺点外涂莫匹罗星和氧氟沙星软膏。结果实验组无导管出口部位发生感染患者,对照组4例患者发生导管出口部位感染,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血行感染,实验组1例,对照组1例,差异无统计学意义。结论局部使用抗生素对锁骨下静脉导管出口部位有预防作用,对血行感染则可能无效。     

超声引导与传统PICC 置管术在老年患者中应用的对比性研究

目的:比较超声引导下PICC置管术与传统PICC置管术在老年患者中的应用情况,评价其效果。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2010年12月期间解放军总医院南楼老年患者PICC置管情况,记录超声引导及传统PICC置管两种方法的成功率与并发症情况。结果:超声引导组共512例次,传统PICC组共384例次,超声引导组均选择肘上静脉置管,传统PICC置管组均选择肘下静脉;超声引导组一次置管成功率及总成功率分别为96.7%,99.6%,传统PICC组分别为78.6%,86.2(P<0.01);超声引导组相关并发症发生率5.9%,对照组为12.0%(P<0.01)。结论:采用超声引导下PICC穿刺置管术显著提高了置管成功率,降低了PICC相关并发症发生率,与传统PICC组比较优势明显,值得临床推广。     

中风病动态计分鉴别诊断在临床急诊的应用（附40例报告）

中风病 (急性脑血管病 )的鉴别诊断 ,主要区分是出血性或缺血性中风两大类。鉴别诊断方法有多种 ,确诊率最高者当推 CT或 MRI检查。但其费用昂贵 ,又受一定条件与时间的限制 ,在临床急诊急救不能普遍应用。“冯氏计分判别法”不用检验 ,在中风病的临床急诊鉴别诊断能随时应用。并具有“先进实用、确诊率高、简便好省”的优点。我们应用“冯氏法”动态计分鉴别诊断 40例中风病 ,经CT、CSF验证 2 2例 ,结果出血性中风病 1 3例 ,诊断符合率为 94.8%;缺血性中风 2 7例 ,诊断符合率为 97.5%。并发现“动态计分监测”对中风病的预后与病情转化…     

肾包膜下积液的临床分析(附23 例报告)

目的:探讨肾包膜下积液的成因和治疗方法。方法:回顾分析23例肾包膜下积液的临床资料。结果:本组23例中,除1例因肿瘤致尿路梗阻放弃治疗,余均经治疗后肾包膜下积液治愈。结论:肾包膜下积液病因以梗阻性为多见,解除梗阻后可治愈;原因不明的特发性肾包膜下积液,肾包膜下穿刺引流术因创伤小,是首选方法,对穿刺引流术治疗后复发病例,可选择手术治疗。     

超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流治疗重症急性胰腺炎急性胰周液体积聚的临床疗效

目的:探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流(PCD)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)急性胰周液体积聚的的临床疗效。方法:收集2009年3月~2013年10月我院收治的经临床确定的SAP急性胰周液体积聚患者51例,按随机数字表法分为观察组(26例)和对照组(25例),观察组患者给予超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术治疗,对照组采用剖腹引流的经典引流。比较两组患者血淀粉酶恢复至时间、住院时间、治愈率、并发症发生率。结果:观察组血淀粉酶恢复时间及住院时间均小于对照,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者总有效率位96.2%(25/26),高于对照组的68.0%(17/25),两组比较组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗后病死、腹腔出血、胰瘘发生率高于对照组(均P0.05);两组脓毒症及多器官功能障碍综合症(MODS)的比较差异无统计学差异(P0.05)结论:超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流术治疗SAP急性胰周液体积聚效果良好,并发症的低,安全可靠,具有较大的临床推广价值。     

影像学检查诊断周围型小肺癌的临床应用价值（附40例报告）

支气管肺癌是最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤之一,早期发现、诊断及争取早期手术切除仍是重要的诊疗原则。本文收集我院1980～1999年,病灶直径≤3cm的40例小周围型支气肺癌的临床及影像学资料进行分析,以期提高对周围型小肺癌的认识与诊断水平。     

Predictors of Percutaneous Catheter Drainage (PCD) after Abdominal Paracentesis Drainage (APD) in Patients with Moderately Severe or Severe Acute Pancreatitis along with Fluid Collections

AimsAlthough we previously demonstrated abdominal paracentesis drainage (APD) preceding percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) as the central step for treating patients with moderately severe (MSAP) or severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), the predictors leading to PCD after APD have not been studied.MethodsConsecutive patients with MSAP or SAP were recruited between June 2011 and June 2013. As a step-up approach, all patients initially received medical management, later underwent ultrasound-guided APD before PCD, if necessary, followed by endoscopic necrosectomy through the path formed by PCD. APD primarily targeted fluid in the abdominal or pelvic cavities, whereas PCD aimed at (peri)pancreatic fluid.ResultsOf the 92 enrolled patients, 40 were managed with APD alone and 52 received PCD after APD (14 required necrosectomy after initial PCD). The overall mortality was 6.5%. Univariate analysis showed that among the 20 selected parameters, 13 factors significantly affected PCD intervention after APD. Multivariate analysis revealed that infected (peri)pancreatic collections (P = -0.001), maximum extent of necrosis of more than 30% of the pancreas (P = -0.024), size of the largest necrotic peri(pancreatic) collection (P = -0.007), and reduction of (peri)pancreatic fluid collections by <50% after APD (P = -0.008) were all independent predictors of PCD.ConclusionsInfected (peri)pancreatic collections, a largest necrotic peri(pancreatic) collection of more than 100 ml, and reduction of (peri)pancreatic fluid collections by <50% after APD could effectively predict the need for PCD in the early course of the disease.     

肺静脉口弧形指数与房颤消融术后复发的关系

目的:探讨肺静脉口弧形指数与心房颤动(房颤)导管消融术后复发的关系。方法:选取2008年2月至2011年3月在我院接受导管消融术的房颤患者120例,所有患者于术前3日内利用多排CT行左心房及肺静脉造影,并进行图像的三维重建。测量每条肺静脉前后径及上下径,并计算弧形指数(肺静脉前后径/肺静脉上下径)以描述肺静脉口形态。行射频消融治疗的房颤病人全部达消融终点,术后随访超过3个月,根据患者房性快速性心律失常(房颤、房扑或房速)的发生情况,将其分为治愈组和复发组,进行统计分析。结果:由弧形指数分析,四支肺静脉开口形态存在统计学差异(P0.05);房颤消融术后,53例病人复发。房颤消融术后复发患者的LIPV弧形指数与治愈者不同,差异有显著性(P0.05);两组患者的左上肺静脉(Left Superior Pulmonary Vein,LSPV),右上肺静脉(Right Superior Pulmonary Vein,RSPV),右肺下静脉(Right Inferior Pulmonary Vein,RIPV),的弧形指数比较差异不明显(P0.05)。结论:左下肺静脉形态的不一致性与房颤导管消融术复发有关。     

腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的体会(附67例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜技术治疗肾盂旁囊肿的方法和疗效,并结合治疗体会,为临床提供更多的参考依据。方法:对2006年3月~2011年9月我科收治的67例肾盂旁囊肿患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中采用经腹膜后途径29例,经腹腔途径20例,单孔腹腔镜技术18例。分析患者的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症的发生情况、术后住院时间及复查随访情况。结果:所有病例的手术均成功,手术时间38~120min,平均时间(70.3±9)min;术中出血量10~125 ml,平均(47.3±15.7)ml;均未出现肾蒂及肾盂损伤等并发症。术后2~6天(平均3.4天)拔除引流管,术后住院3~7 d,平均(4.2±0.6)d。术后1月复查,腰酸、腰痛、镜下血尿以及肾积水、高血压等临床症状均消失。术后随访1~47个月,未见囊肿复发。结论:腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂旁囊肿具有暴露充分、创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点,可作为肾盂旁囊肿治疗的首选方法。术者应严格掌握其适应症,术前完善相关检查,术中仔细辨认肾静脉壁与囊肿,操作轻柔,填入肾门脂肪可有效防止囊肿的术后复发。     

地佐辛在神经外科术后镇痛的应用体会

目的：探讨地佐辛用于神经外科患者术后镇痛的效果和安全性。方法：将64例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级行神经外科手术患者随机分为两组,术后均以静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）,其中A组（34例）用地佐辛,B组（30例）用舒芬太尼,观察两组镇痛、镇静效果及不良反应。结果：术后4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h视觉模拟评分（VAS）和不良反应发生率A组明显低于B组（P〈0.05）,Ramsay评分明显高于B组（P〈0.05）。结论：地佐辛用于神经外科患者术后镇痛确切,不良反应少。     

大鼠经颈外静脉导丝引导插管测肺动脉压与传统方法的比较

目的探讨大鼠经颈外静脉插管方法及测肺动脉压的最佳方法。方法将80只雄性SD大鼠按随机分组原则分成2组：经导丝引导插管测肺动脉压组（G组）,传统方法插管测肺动脉压组（T组）,每组均40只。记录插管操作一次成功率、多次调整成功率（n≤4次）、总成功率、一次插管时间、总插管时间、及一次测压时间、总测压时间及肺动脉高压大鼠肺动脉压力数值。结果 G组比T组插管操作一次成功率、多次调整成功率（n≤4次）、总成功率更高（P〈0.05）,G组比T组的一次插管时间、总插管时间以及一次测压时间、总测压时间要短（P〈0.01）,G组所测的肺动脉高压大鼠的肺动脉压力比T组所测的高（P〈0.01）。结论经导丝引导插管测肺动脉压法插管和测压具有成功率高、准确到达肺动脉、数据更准确、操作省时的优点。与用传统方法插管测肺动脉压组相比较,是一种更好的对大鼠进行颈外静脉插管和测肺动脉压的方法。     

The Contradictions of Telehealth User Experience in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis

Objective

As the global burden of chronic disease rises, policy makers are showing a strong interest in adopting telehealth technologies for use in long term condition management, including COPD. However, there remain barriers to its implementation and sustained use. To date, there has been limited qualitative investigation into how users (both patients/carers and staff) perceive and experience the technology. We aimed to systematically review and synthesise the findings from qualitative studies that investigated user perspectives and experiences of telehealth in COPD management, in order to identify factors which may impact on uptake.

Method

Systematic review and meta-synthesis of published qualitative studies of user (patients, their carers and clinicians) experience of telehealth technologies for the management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. ASSIA, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsychInfo and Web of Knowledge databases were searched up to October 2014. Reference lists of included studies and reference lists of key papers were also searched. Quality appraisal was guided by an adapted version of the CASP qualitative appraisal tool.

Findings

705 references (after duplicates removed) were identified and 10 papers, relating to 7 studies were included in the review. Most authors of included studies had identified both positive and negative experiences of telehealth use in the management of COPD. Through a line of argument synthesis we were able to derive new insights from the data to identify three overarching themes that have the ability to either impede or promote positive user experience of telehealth in COPD: the influence on moral dilemmas of help seeking—(enables dependency or self-care); transforming interactions (increases risk or reassurance) and reconfiguration of ‘work’ practices (causes burden or empowerment).

Conclusion

Findings from this meta-synthesis have implications for the future design and implementation of telehealth services. Future research needs to include potential users at an earlier stage of telehealth/service development.     

The Prevalence of Cancer and Its Relation to Disease Activity in Patients With Acromegaly: Two Centers' Experience

ObjectiveAcromegaly is characterized by increased serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Although animal studies have demonstrated a relationship between these hormones and cancer risk, the results of human studies evaluating cancer prevalence in acromegaly are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of malignant neoplasms in patients with acromegaly.MethodsCancer risk was evaluated in a cohort of 280 patients (male/female: 120/160; mean age: 50.93 ± 12.07 years) with acromegaly. Patients were categorized into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of cancer. Standard incidence ratios were calculated as compared to the general population.ResultsFrom 280 patients, cancer was diagnosed in 19 (6.8%) patients; 9 (47%) of them had thyroid cancer, which was the most common cancer type. Standard incidence ratios of all cancers were 0.8 (95% CI, 0.5-1.1) and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8-1.3) in men and women, respectively. Compared to patients without cancer, the current age was higher in patients with cancer (59 [49-65] to 51 [42-59], P = .027). In contrast, the age at diagnosis was similar in both groups. Not only was the time to diagnosis and disease duration similar in both groups but also the basal and current GH and IGF-1 levels. The prevalence of active disease was also similar between the groups (32% to 23%, P = .394).ConclusionOur findings were not consistent with the studies suggesting that patients with acromegaly encounter an increased cancer risk. Furthermore, there were similar basal and current GH and IGF-1 levels in patients with acromegaly, both with and without cancer.     

十二指肠损伤15例诊治体会

目的提高对十二指肠损伤的诊治水平,减少漏诊,降低病死率。方法回顾性总结分析十二指肠损伤15例临床资料。结果15例分别行单纯修补、端端吻合、十二指肠-空肠-Roux-en-Y吻合、憩室化手术,13例痊愈。2例死亡,病死率13.3%。结论单纯十二指肠损伤修补加十二指肠减压对大多数十二指肠损伤是最简单有效的手术方法。早期诊断、合理处理、防止术中漏诊才能降低病死率。     

Leaf domatia in the section Alaternus (Miller) DC. of the genus Rhamnus (Rhamnaceae)

MARTINEZ-SOLIS, I., IRANZO, J., ESTRELLES, E. & IBARS, A. M., 1993. Leaf domatia in the section Alaternus (Miller) D C, of the genus Rhamnus (Rhamnaceae). Anatomical and morphological study of leaves from three species of Rhamnus {R. alaternus, R. myrtifolius and R. ludovici-salvatoris) which comprise the section Alaternus (Miller) DC. from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands, have revealed the presence of domatia, which are macroscopic infundibuliform structures. Although not all the leaves of one single plant showed domatia, all the individuals of each species examined presented these structures.     

The Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared nerve injury (SNI) model induces symptoms of neuropathic pain such as mechanical allodynia i.e. pain due to tactile stimuli that do not normally provoke a painful response [1]. The SNI mouse model involves ligation of two of the three branches of the sciatic nerve (the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve), while the sural nerve is left intact [2]. The lesion results in marked hypersensitivity in the lateral area of the paw, which is innervated by the spared sural nerve. The non-operated side of the mouse can be used as a control. The advantages of the SNI model are the robustness of the response and that it doesn’t require expert microsurgical skills.The threshold for mechanical pain response is determined by testing with von Frey filaments of increasing bending force, which are repetitively pressed against the lateral area of the paw [3], [4]. A positive pain reaction is defined as sudden paw withdrawal, flinching and/or paw licking induced by the filament. A positive response in three out of five repetitive stimuli is defined as the pain threshold. As demonstrated in the video protocol, C57BL/6 mice experience profound allodynia as early as the day following surgery and maintain this for several weeks.