超声乳化联合房角分离治疗急性闭角型青光眼的临床观察

目的:观察和比较白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术联合前房角分离术或小梁切除术治疗原发性急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法:选择哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院眼科医院2017年1月～2017年11月收治的原发性急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者62例,根据手术方式不同将其随机分为A、B两组,A组(31例,行Phaco+IOL联合前房角分离术);B组(31例,行Phaco+IOL联合小梁切除术)。分别观察两组患者术前术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压(IOP)、前房深度(ACD)、角膜内皮细胞密度(ECD)的变化。结果:两组患者术后3天、3个月BCVA及IOP和术前比较均明显提高(P0.05),IOP控制至正常范围。且术后1周,A组视力恢复及眼压控制均优于B组(P0.05)。两组患者术后3月,ACD及ECD均较术前明显变化,ACD加深,ECD减少(P0.05),且A组ACD明显高于B组(P0.05)。结论:Phaco+IOL联合前房角分离术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者能有效降低眼压,在早期即可获得较好的临床效果。     

超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床研究

目的:探讨超声乳化白内障吸除术(Phaco)、人工晶状体植入术(IOL)联合小梁切除术(TBL)治疗原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)伴厚晶状体白内障的临床疗效和安全性。方法:将82例(98眼)原发性闭角型青光眼伴厚晶状体白内障患者随机分为A组(41例52眼)和B组(41例46眼),A组行Phaco+IOL+TBL治疗,B组单纯行TBL治疗,比较两组的手术前后眼压、最佳矫正视力、中央前房深度(ACD)、小梁虹膜角(TIA)、房角开放距离500(AOD500)及小梁睫状体距离(TCPD)的变化、视力提高率及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组术后眼压均较术前显著降低,且A组的降低幅度显著高于B组(P0.05);两组术后最佳矫正视力均显著提高,且A组显著高于B组(P0.05);A组术后视力提高率为86.54%,显著高于B组的32.61%(P0.05);两组术后ACD、TIA、AOD500及TCPD均显著提高,且A组显著高于B组(P0.05);A组手术并发症发生率为5.77%,显著低于B组的17.39%(P0.05)。结论:超声乳化白内障摘除术、人工晶状体植入术联合小梁切除术治疗PACG伴厚晶状体白内障的疗效较单用小梁切除术更好,且安全性更高。     

不同手术联合超声乳化人工晶体植入对闭角型青光眼合并白内障临床观察

目的:对不同手术联合超声乳化人工晶体植入对闭角型青光眼合并白内障进行临床观察。方法:选择2012年3月~2014年4月在我院进行诊治的闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者109例(123眼),按照房角粘连状况和眼压大小选择不同的手术治疗方法。房角粘连≤180°、眼压≤30 mm Hg的58例(65眼)患者为A组,采用房角分离术联合超声乳化人工晶体植入。房角粘连180°、眼压30 mm Hg的51例(58眼)患者为B组,采用小梁切除术联合超声乳化人工晶体植入。术后随访半年,比较两组手术前后的眼压、视力、前房深度。结果:术后6个月,两组的矫正视力均较术前明显提高(P0.05);两组术后7 d、1、3、6个月的眼压均明显低于术前(P0.05);两组术后6个月的前房深度均较术前明显增加(P0.05)。结论:对于闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者,应按照患者房角粘连状况和眼压大小选择合适的手术治疗方法。     

超声乳化手术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨超声乳化手术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床效果。方法:慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障64例(64眼)根据治疗方法的不同分为治疗组与对照组各32例,对照组采用传统小梁切除手术,治疗组采用超声乳化手术。结果:(1)两组术前视力对比无明显差异,治疗后视力情况都明显改善,同时组间对比有明显差异(P0.05)。(2)两组术前眼压比较无显著性差异,术后两组组间与组内对比都有明显差异(P0.05)。(3)两组术前前房深度比较无显著性差异,治疗后都有明显上升(P0.05),同时组间对比差异明显(P0.05)。(4)两组患者术中与术后都无严重并发症发生。结论:对于慢性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者行超声乳化手术具备加深前房、控制眼压、提高视力的作用,同时安全性好,可作为标准治疗选择。     

青白联合术治疗合并白内障闭角型青光眼临床效果观察

目的探讨青白联合术治疗合并白内障闭角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法选取我院收治的80例闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者为研究对象,随机分为两组各40例,观察组实施青光眼白内障联合手术(青白联合手术)治疗,对照组实施分步手术治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后眼压、视力及房角开放度。结果治疗前,两组患者的各项指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,观察组患者的眼压(12.30±4.15)mmHg、视力0.84±0.27、房角开放度(62.35±15.64)°均优于对照组的(27.80±7.65)mmHg、0.57±0.16、(75.00±13.77)°,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论青白联合手术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的效果显著,与分步手术相比临床应用价值更高。     

角型青光眼急性期行小梁切除并丝裂霉素联合羊膜移植术的疗效观察

目的探讨闭角型青光眼急性期滤过手术中应用生物羊膜的临床疗效。方法对我院收治的急性期闭角型青光眼患者25例施行小梁切除并丝裂霉素联合羊膜移植术,术后对手术疗效进行评估。结果 25例患者中,1例患者术后视力下降,其余24例患者视力无变化或提高。术后1、3、7天及术后1个月的视力变化,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3天~1周的视力保持稳定,患者术前、术后各时间点眼压差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后1、3、7天以及术后1、3、6、12个月眼压控制较稳定,前房形成良好,无并发症发生。结论急性闭角型青光眼患者的眼压持续升高,实施小梁切除并丝裂霉素联合羊膜移植术安全有效。     

青白联合手术方式在持续高眼压状态青光眼手术中的有效性和安全性

目的探讨青白联合手术方式在持续高眼压状态青光眼手术中的有效性和安全性。方法选取2014年7月~2017年7月我院诊治的青光眼患者180例,按手术方式的不同分为研究组和对照组,每组90例。研究组90例患者实施青白联合手术治疗,对照组90例患者行单纯白内障手术,观察比较两组患者治疗前后的眼压、视力、中央前房深度、术后房角开放度以及并发症发生情况。结果研究组患者术后7天的眼压、视力均优于对照组(P0.05),而术后30天比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者的并发症发生率为2.22%,低于对照组的10.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论青白联合手术治疗持续高眼压状态青光眼的安全性高,能够减少术后并发症发生率,有效改善患者的眼压和视力情况,值得推广使用。     

单切口和双切口联合手术对闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者视力、IOP及CCT的影响

目的:探讨单切口和双切口联合手术对闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者视力、眼压(IOP)及中央前房深度(CCT)的影响。方法:选择2013年6月至2016年6月我院收治的90例闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各45例。对照组采用单切口手术治疗,观察组采用双切口手术治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后角膜内皮细胞密度、面积、最佳矫正视力、裸眼视力、IOP以及术后并发症的发生率。结果:与术前比较,两组患者术后角膜内皮细胞密度均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后角膜内皮细胞面积均减小,且观察组小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后最佳矫正视力、裸眼视力均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后IOP均降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后CCT均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:双切口手术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的效果显著,能够有效改善患者视力、IOP及CCT水平,且安全性高,值得临床推广。     

ALLEGRO Oculyzer与IOL Master测量角膜曲率及前房深度的比较

目的:比较ALLEGRO Oculyzer与IOLMaster两种非接触性检查仪器的角膜曲率及前房深度测量结果.方法:随机选取符合入选条件的门诊患者80例160眼,分别用ALLEGRO Oculyzer与IOLMaster进行角膜曲率及前房深度(anterior chamber depth,ACD)测量,并对测量结果进行配对t检验,分析两种检查方法测量结果的差异.结果:ALLEGRO Oculyzer测得的最陡峭径线曲率半径(R1)、最平坦径线曲率半径(R2)与平均曲率半径(Rm)分别为7.78±0.28 mm、7.51±0.27 mm与7.64± 0.25 mm:IOLMaster相应的测量结果分别为7.78± 0.29 mm、7.50± 0.28 mm与7.64± 0.26 mm.经配对t检验,两种方法测得R1、R2、Rm结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).ALLEGRO Oculyzer与IOLMaster测得的ACD分别为3.46± 0.38 mm与3.33±0.39 mm,两者测量结果差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:ALLEGRO Oculyzer与IOLMaster测得的角膜曲率在正常人群都具有较高的准确性,但ACD测量结果有一定差异,在使用ACD数据进行IOL计算、术前评估等临床应用时应注意.     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗眼外伤继发性青光眼临床疗效

目的:探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗眼外伤继发性青光眼患者的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2018年3月我院接诊的103例眼外伤继发性青光眼患者临床资料,根据手术方法不同分为观察组53例和对照组50例。观察组给予Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗,对照组给予小梁切除术治疗。比较两组手术疗效、治疗前后眼压、视力的变化、滤过泡、并发症的发生情况。结果:经随访显示,观察组手术完全成功率为52.83%,明显高于对照组(32.00%,P0.05);两组术后眼压较术前均降低,视力均较术前升高,组间、不同时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组功能性滤过泡率为71.70%,明显高于对照组(50.00%,P0.05);两组术后浅前房、前房出血、虹膜阻塞总发生率分别为7.55%和18.00%,组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗眼外伤继发性青光眼的疗效显著,有助于控制眼压,改善视力。     

Primary phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation for acute primary angle-closure

Background

To investigate the effect of primary phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with acute primary angle-closure (PAC) and coexisting cataract.

Methodology

Sixteen eyes of 14 patients with acute PAC received phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation as initial management for medically uncontrolled IOP in a retrospective chart review. The effects on IOP, vision, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and number of antiglaucoma medications were evaluated.

Principal Findings

The postoperative IOP was reduced in 16 eyes (100%). The mean ± standard deviation preoperative IOP was 48.81±16.83 mm Hg, which decreased postoperatively to 16.46±10.67 mm Hg at 1 day, 9.43±3.03 mm Hg at 1 week, 9.49±2.14 mm Hg at 2 weeks, 10.78±3.56 mm Hg at 1 month, and 10.70±2.80 mm Hg at 3 months (p<0.001). The mean number of antiglaucoma medications decreased from 3.56±1.14 to 0.13±0.34 (p<0.001). The average preoperative ACD was 2.08±0.35 mm, which increased to 3.59±0.33 mm after surgery (p<0.001). Visual acuity (converted into logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) improved from 1.14±0.71 to 0.73±0.53 (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Primary phacoemulsification plus intraocular lens implantation lowered IOP, reduced the use of antiglaucoma medications, and improved vision in patients with acute PAC. This is a safe and effective method of IOP control and can be considered a first treatment option in managing patients with acute PAC and coexisting cataract.     

小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C 对角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的:观察小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C(MMC)对角膜内皮细胞的影响。方法:收集2010年9月2011年5月在我院行小梁切除术的青光眼患者60例(78眼),随机分为术中应用丝裂霉素C的36例(46眼)患者为A组,术中不用丝裂霉素C的24例(32眼)为B组,分别观察术前、术后1个月和术后3个月两组眼压(IOP)、角膜内皮细胞的密度(CD)、平均细胞面积(AVG)及细胞面积变异系数(CV),分析其数量的改变及两组间的差异。结果:A组术前眼压为(35.4±13.7)mmHg,B组术前眼压为(32.5±13.5)mmHg差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组术后1个月及术后3个月眼压分别为(15.7±3.7)mmHg、(17.0±3.2)mmHg,均低于B组的(19.4±3.7)mmHg、(20.2±2.1)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组术前、术后1个月及术后3个月角膜内皮细胞密度分别为(2475±484)个/mm2、(2199±373)个/mm2、(2164±332)个/mm2;平均细胞面积分别为(431.4±67.6)μm2、(480.6±66.8)μm2、(463.8±46.2)μm2;细胞面积变异系数分别为(31.1±7.4)%、(34.4±6.3)%、(31.2±7.5)%;术后1个月及术后3个月各参数与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组术前、术后1个月及术后3个月角膜内皮细胞密度分别为(2342±94)个/mm2、(2185±215)个/mm2、(2074±218)个/mm2;平均细胞面积分别为(453.9±94.8)μm2、(516.3±100.8)μm2、(499.81±106.4)μm2;细胞面积变异系数分别为(30.2±3.0)%、(32.7±2.9)%、(31.4±4.3)%;除术后3个月角膜内皮细胞与术前比较有意义(P<0.05)外,余参数术后1个月及术后3个月与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1个月A组的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为10.4%高于B组的6.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月A组的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为11.1%高于B组的10.0%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小梁切除术中用丝裂霉素C的降压效果比不用丝裂霉素C的效果好,但短期内前者角膜内皮细胞的丢失率高于后者。     

兔先天性青光眼网络膜血管改变

目的　研究青光眼对视网膜脉络膜血液循环的影响。方法　选24月龄、体重3.5～4kg的先天性青光眼大耳白兔5只(7只眼),选10只同龄大耳白兔作为对照组。另选10只2月龄、体重2kg大耳白兔前房内灌注生理盐水制成急性高眼压模型。对三组兔进行眼底照像、闪光视诱发电位(FVEP)检查,观察视网膜脉络膜血管形态和FVEP的变化。对人工急性高眼压组还进行了闪光视网膜电流图(FERG)检查。结果　先天性青光眼组与同龄对照组相比视网膜脉络膜末梢血管网明显减少;人工急性高眼压组眼压升高后首先使视网膜脉络膜末梢血管网灌流不足,随着眼压的继续升高脉络膜大血管变细,末梢血管网灌流不足加重,眼压极度升高时脉络膜大血管血流中断。同龄正常对照组的FVEP的主波P100潜伏期是(83±9)ms,先天性青光眼组则为(112±14)ms,差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.01);人工急性高眼压组高眼压前为(69±5)ms,眼压60～80mm　Hg时延长为(81±7)ms,眼压在100～130mmHg时FVEP波形低平,近似直线;眼压恢复正常后2hFVEP的P100潜伏期为(82±8)ms。人工急性高眼压前后FERG变化显著。结论　青光眼可以影响视网膜脉络膜血液循环;可使FVEP、FERG发生变化。     

Glaucoma Surgery Calculator: Limited Additive Effect of Phacoemulsification on Intraocular Pressure in Ab Interno Trabeculectomy

PurposeTo compare intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and to develop a predictive surgery calculator based on the results between trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy in pseudophakic patients versus phacoemulsification combined with trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy in phakic patients.MethodsThis observational surgical cohort study analyzed pseudophakic patients who received trabectome-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT) or phacoemulsification combined with AIT (phaco-AIT). Follow up for less than 12 months or neovascular glaucoma led to exclusion. Missing data was imputed by generating 5 similar but non-identical datasets. Groups were matched using Coarsened Exact Matching based on age, gender, type of glaucoma, race, preoperative number of glaucoma medications and baseline intraocular pressure (IOP). Linear regression was used to examine the outcome measures consisting of IOP and medications.ResultsOf 949 cases, 587 were included consisting of 235 AIT and 352 phaco-AIT. Baseline IOP between groups was statistically significant (p≤0.01) in linear regression models and was minimized after Coarsened Exact Matching. An increment of 1 mmHg in baseline IOP was associated with a 0.73±0.03 mmHg IOP reduction. Phaco-AIT had an IOP reduction that was only 0.73±0.32 mmHg greater than that of AIT. The resulting calculator to determine IOP reduction consisted of the formula -13.54+0.73 × (phacoemulsification yes:1, no:0) + 0.73 × (baseline IOP) + 0.59 × (secondary open angle glaucoma yes:1, no:0) + 0.03 × (age) + 0.09 × (medications).ConclusionsThis predictive calculator for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery can assist clinical decision making. Only a small additional IOP reduction was observed when phacoemulsification was added to AIT. Patients with a higher baseline IOP had a greater IOP reduction.     

Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in glaucoma associated with uveitis

The patients with uveitic glaucoma are at high risk for failure following drainage surgery because of young age of these patients, preoperative long-term control of inflammation and postoperative complications. Twenty-two trabeculectomies performed in 22 patients with uveitic glaucoma were retrospectively evaluated to analyze the effect of intraoperative application of mitomycin C (MMC). Success rates, postoperative levels of intraocular pressure (IOP) and postoperative complications were studied. After a mean follow-up of 10.6 months (range, 5-28 months), 15 patients (68.2%) achieved IOP of 21mmHg or less without antiglaucoma medications. There were statistically significant reduction in IOP postoperatively during the period studied (p < 0.001). Early postoperative complications included chorioidal detachment (9.1%), shallow anterior chamber (9.1%), hyphema (13.6%), macular edema (4.5%) and raised IOP (27.3%). Late postoperative complications included exacerbation of uveitis (4.5%), macular edema (4.5%), cataract (22.7%) and raised IOP (31.8%). The eyes with raised IOP needed additional antiglaucoma medication. The results of this retrospective and uncontrolled study suggest that intraoperative application of MMC may be a good option for enhancement of short-term trabeculectomy success rates in patients with uveitic glaucoma.     

A study of replacement of timolol-pilocarpine with latanoprost in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of replacing current dual local therapy (timolol and pilocarpine) with latanoprost 0.005% in 71 pseudoexfoliation glaucoma patients with controlled intraocular pressure (IOP). 39 patients switched to latanoprost 0.005%) and 32 patients continued timolol-pilocarpine therapy. Mean diurnal (IOP) was measured at baseline, after 0.5, 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment. After 6 months 38 patients with latanoprost and 30 patients with timolol-pilocarpine had completed the study. At baseline the mean diurnal IOP was 20.4 +/- 2.0 mmHg for patients in latanoprost treatment group and 21.4 +/- 2.1 mmHg for patients in timolol-pilocarpine group. At the end of the study, after 6 months of treatment, the mean diurnal IOP values were 16.6 +/- 2.4 and 17.9 +/- 2.0 mmHg respectively. IOP was statistically significantly reduced from baseline (p < 0.001). The mean diurnal IOP change from baseline was -3.3 +/- 0.5 mmHg (mean +/- SEM, ANCOVA) for the patients treated with latanoprost and -3.2 +/- 0.4 mmHg for the patients treated with timolol + pilocarpine. This difference in IOP reduction between groups was not statistically significant (z = 0.69; p = 0.49). This study showed that combination therapy (timolol plus pilocarpine) in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma can effectively be replaced by latanoprost monotherapy.     

小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C对角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的：观察小梁切除术中应用丝裂霉素C（MMC）对角膜内皮细胞的影响。方法：收集2010年9月2011年5月在我院行小梁切除术的青光眼患者60例（78眼）,随机分为术中应用丝裂霉素c的36例（46眼）患者为A组,术中不用丝裂霉素c的24例（32眼）为B组。分别观察术前、术后1个月和术后3个月两组眼压（10P）、角膜内皮细胞的密度（co）、平均细胞面积（AVG）及细胞面积变异系数（cv）,分析其数量的改变及两组间的差异。结果：A组术前眼压为（35．4±13．7）mmHg,B组术前眼压为（32．5±13．5）mmHg差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,A组术后1个月及术后3个月眼压分别为（15．7±3．7）mmHg、（17．0±3．2）mmHg,均低于B组的（19．4±3．7）mmHg、（20．2±2．1）mmHg,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。A组术前、术后1个月及术后3个月角膜内皮细胞密度分别为（2475±484）个／mm2、（2199±373）个／mm2、（2164±332）个／mm2;平均细胞面积分别为（431．4±67．6）μm2、（480．6±66．8）μm2、（463．8±46．2）μm2;细胞面积变异系数分别为（31．1±7．4）％、（34．4±6．3）％、（31．2±7．5）％;术后1个月及术后3个月各参数与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。B组术前、术后1个月及术后3个月角膜内皮细胞密度分别为（2342±94）个／mm2、（2185＋215）个／mm2、（2074218）个／mm2;平均细胞面积分别为（453．9土94．8）μm2、（516.3±100．8）μm2、（499．81＋106．4）μm2;细胞面积变异系数分别为（30．2土3．0）％、（32．7±2．9）％、（31．4±4．3）％;除术后3个月角膜内皮细胞与术前比较有意义（P〈0．05）外,余参数术后1个月及术后3个月与术前比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后1个月A组的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为10．4％高于B组的6．1％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后3个月A组的角膜内皮细胞丢失率为11．1％高于B组的10．0％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：小梁切除术中用丝裂霉素C的降压效果比不用丝裂霉素C的效果好,但短期内前者角膜内皮细胞的丢失率高于后者。