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1.
Adjei MD Deck J Heinze TM Freeman JP Williams AJ Sutherland JB 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2007,34(3):219-224
Mycobacterium sp. 7E1B1W and seven other mycobacterial strains known to degrade hydrocarbons were investigated to determine their ability
to metabolize the piperazine ring, a substructure found in many drugs. Cultures were grown at 30°C in tryptic soy broth and
dosed with 3.1 mM N-phenylpiperazine hydrochloride; samples were removed at intervals and extracted with ethyl acetate. Two metabolites were
purified from each of the extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography; they were identified by mass spectrometry and
1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as N-(2-anilinoethyl)acetamide and N-acetyl-N′-phenylpiperazine. The results show that mycobacteria have the ability to acetylate piperazine rings and cleave carbon-nitrogen
bonds. 相似文献
2.
Two repeated DNA sequences isolated from a partial genomic DNA library of Helianthus annuus, p HaS13 and p HaS211, were shown to represent portions of the int gene of a Ty3 /gypsy retroelement and of the RNase-Hgene of a Ty1 /copia retroelement, respectively. Southern blotting patterns obtained by hybridizing the two probes to BglII- or DraI-digested genomic DNA from different Helianthus species showed p HaS13 and p HaS211 were parts of dispersed repeats at least 8 and 7 kb in length, respectively, that were conserved in all species studied. Comparable hybridization patterns were obtained in all species with p HaS13. By contrast, the patterns obtained by hybridizing p HaS211 clearly differentiated annual species from perennials. The frequencies of p HaS13- and p HaS211-related sequences in different species were 4.3x10(4)-1.3x10(5) copies and 9.9x10(2)-8.1x10(3) copies per picogram of DNA, respectively. The frequency of p HaS13-related sequences varied widely within annual species, while no significant difference was observed among perennial species. Conversely, the frequency variation of p HaS211-related sequences was as large within annual species as within perennials. Sequences of both families were found to be dispersed along the length of all chromosomes in all species studied. However, Ty3 /gypsy-like sequences were localized preferentially at the centromeric regions, whereas Ty1/ copia-like sequences were less represented or absent around the centromeres and plentiful at the chromosome ends. These findings suggest that the two sequence families played a role in Helianthusgenome evolution and species divergence, evolved independently in the same genomic backgrounds and in annual or perennial species, and acquired different possible functions in the host genomes. 相似文献
3.
Noel H. Holmgren 《Brittonia》2018,70(1):115-139
A revision of Penstemon sect. Saccanthera subsect. Serrulati includes a new species (P. salmonensis), a new variety (P. triphyllus var. infernalis), and the elevation of a subspecies to species (P. curtiflorus), bringing the total number of species to eight, which are keyed and described, complete with nomenclature and type citations. 相似文献
4.
Fuhong Xie Yapeng Chao Zhiquan Xue Xiuqing Yang Guoqing Zhang Jiaji Shi Shijun Qian 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(5):739-746
In industry, fosfomycin is mainly prepared via chemical epoxidation of cis-propenylphosphonic acid (cPPA). The conversion yield of fosfomycin is less than 50% in the whole process and a large quantity
of waste is produced. Biotransformation by microorganisms is an alternative method of preparation. This kind of conversion
is more delicate, environmentally friendly, and the conversion yield of fosfomycin would be higher. In this work, an aerobic
bacterium capable of transforming cPPA to fosfomycin was isolated. The organism, designated as strain S101, was identified
as Bacillus simplex by morphological and physiological characteristics as well as by analysis of the gene encoding the 16S rRNA. Fosfomycin was
assayed by two means, bioassay and gas chromatography (GC). Glycerol was a good carbon source for growth and cPPA conversion
of strain S101. When cPPA was used as the sole carbon source, neither growth nor conversion to fosfomycin occurred. The optimum
cPPA concentration in the conversion medium was 2,000 μg ml−1. After 6 days of incubation, the concentration of fosfomycin reached its maximum level (1,838.2 μg ml−1), with a conversion ratio of 81.3%. Air was indispensable for the growth but not for the conversion to fosfomycin. Furthermore,
vanadium ions were found to be essential for the conversion. High concentrations of cPPA had fewer inhibitory effects on the
growth of strain S101. 相似文献
5.
Studying Pneumocystis has proven to be a challenge from the perspective of propagating a significant amount of the pathogen in a facile manner.
The study of several fungal pathogens has been aided by the use of invertebrate model hosts. Our efforts to infect the invertebrate
larvae Galleria
mellonella with Pneumocystis proved futile since P. murina neither caused disease nor was able to proliferate within G. mellonella. It did, however, show that the pathogen could be rapidly cleared from the host. 相似文献
6.
Because of extensive sulfonamides application in aquaculture and animal husbandry and the consequent increase in sulfonamides discharged into the environment, strategies to remediate sulfonamide-contaminated environments are essential. In this study, the resistance of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4 to the sulfonamides sulfapyridine (SPY) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were determined, and sulfonamides degradation by these strains was assessed. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4 were resistant to SPY and SMX concentrations as high as 60 mg/L. After incubation for 5 days, 23.91 ± 1.80 and 23.43 ± 2.98% of SPY and 59.88 ± 1.23 and 63.89 ± 3.09% of SMX contained in the medium were degraded by S. oneidensis MR-1 and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4, respectively. The effects of the initial concentration of the sulfonamides and initial pH of the medium on biodegradation, and the degradation of different sulfonamides were assessed. The products were measured by LC–MS; with SPY as a substrate, 2-AP (2-aminopyridine) was the main stable metabolite, and with SMX as a substrate, 3A5MI (3-amino-5-methyl-isoxazole) was the main stable metabolite. The co-occurrence of 2-AP or 3A5MI and 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid suggests that the initial step in the biodegradation of the two sulfonamides is S–N bond cleavage. These results suggest that S. oneidensis MR-1 and Shewanella sp. strain MR-4 are potential bacterial resources for biodegrading sulfonamides and therefore bioremediation of sulfonamide-polluted environments. 相似文献
7.
New combinations are proposed in anticipation of the Polygonaceae treatment in the forthcoming volume of Intermountain Flora:
Polygonum kelloggii var. esotericum, P. kelloggii var. watsonii
,
Rumex densiflorus var. pycnanthus
,
R. salicifolius var. utahensis, and R. occidentalis var. tomentellus. Typifications are proposed to facilitate ongoing studies in Polygonaceae and to maintain current usage. 相似文献
8.
A genetic transformation system has been developed for callus cells of Crataegus
aronia using Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. Callus culture was established from internodal stem segments incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
5 mg l−1 Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). In order to optimize the callus culture system with respect to callus growth and coloration, different
types and concentrations of plant growth regulators were tested. Results indicated that the best average fresh weight of red
colored callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.5 mg l−1 kinetin (Kin) (callus maintenance medium). Callus cells were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harboring the binary plasmid pCAMBIA1302 carrying the mgfp5 and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) genes conferring green fluorescent protein (GFP) activity and hygromycin resistance, respectively. Putative transgenic calli
were obtained 4 weeks after incubation of the co-cultivated explants onto maintenance medium supplemented with 50 mg l−1 hygromycin. Molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the transgenes in transformed callus. To our knowledge, this
is the first time to report an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in Crataegus
aronia. 相似文献
9.
We report here the degradation of a pesticide, malathion, by Brevibacillus sp. strain KB2 and Bacillus cereus strain PU, isolated from soil samples collected from malathion contaminated field and an army firing range respectively.
Both the strains were cultured in the presence of malathion under aerobic and energy-limiting conditions. Both strains grew
well in the medium having malathion concentration up to 0.15%. Reverse phase HPLC–UV analysis indicated that Strain KB2 was
able to degrade 72.20% of malaoxon (an analogue of malathion) and 36.22% of malathion, while strain PU degraded 87.40% of
malaoxon and 49.31% of malathion, after 7 days of incubation. The metabolites mal-monocarboxylic acid and mal-dicarboxylic
acid were identified by Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The factors affecting biodegradation efficiency were investigated
and effect of malathion concentration on degradation rate was also determined. The strain was analyzed for carboxylesterase
activity and maximum activity 210 ± 2.5 U ml−1 and 270 U ± 2.7 ml−1 was observed for strains KB2 and PU, respectively. Cloning and sequencing of putative malathion degrading carboxylesterase
gene was done using primers based PCR approach. 相似文献
10.
Recently, the prenyltransferase SirD was found to be responsible for the O-prenylation of tyrosine in the biosynthesis of sirodesmin PL in Leptosphaeria maculans. In this study, the behavior of SirD towards phenylalanine/tyrosine and tryptophan derivatives was investigated. Product
formation has been observed with 12 of 19 phenylalanine/tyrosine derivatives. It was shown that the alanine structure attached
to the benzene ring and an electron donor, e.g., OH or NH2, at its para-position are essential for the enzyme activity. Modifications were possible both at the side chain and the benzene ring.
Enzyme products from seven phenylalanine/tyrosine derivatives were isolated and characterized by MS and NMR analyses including
HSQC and HMBC and proven to be O- or N-prenylated derivatives at position C4 of the benzene rings. K
M
values of six selected derivatives were found in the range of 0.10–0.68 mM. Catalytic efficiencies (K
cat/K
M
) were determined in the range of 430–1,110 s−1·M−1 with l-tyrosine as the best substrate. In addition, 7 of 14 tested tryptophan analogs were also accepted by SirD and converted to
C7-prenylated derivatives, which was confirmed by comparison with products obtained from enzyme assays using a 7-dimethylallyltryptophan
synthase 7-DMATS from Aspergillus fumigatus. 相似文献
11.
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13.
Kurtzman CP 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2011,100(3):455-462
Ogataea
parapolymorpha sp. n. (NRRL YB-1982, CBS 12304, type strain), the ascosporic state of Candida
parapolymorpha, is described. The species appears homothallic, assimilates methanol as is typical of most Ogataea species and forms hat-shaped ascospores in asci that become deliquescent. O. parapolymorpha is closely related to Ogataea
angusta and Ogataea
polymorpha. The three species can be resolved from gene sequence analyses but are unresolved from fermentation and growth reactions
that are typically used for yeast identification. On the basis of multiple isolates, O. angusta is known only from California, USA, in association with Drosophila and Aulacigaster flies, O. parapolymorpha is predominantly associated with insect frass from trees in the eastern USA but O. polymorpha has been isolated from various substrates in the USA, Brazil, Spain and Costa Rica. 相似文献
14.
Tropilaelaps
mercedesae is a serious ectoparasite of Apis
mellifera in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the infestation rates and intensity of T. mercedesae in A. mellifera in China, and to explore the relative importance of climate, district, management practices and beekeeper characteristics
that are assumed to be associated with the intensity of T. mercedesae. Of the 410 participating apiaries, 379 apiaries were included in analyses of seasonal infestation rates and 352 apiaries
were included in multivariable regression analysis. The highest infestation rate (86.3%) of T. mercedesae was encountered in autumn, followed by summer (66.5%), spring (17.2%) and winter (14.8%). In autumn, 28.9% (93) of the infested
apiaries were in the north (including the northeast and northwest of China), 71.1% (229) were in the central and south (including
east, southeast and southwest China), and 306 apiaries (82.9%) were co-infested by both T. mercedesae and Varroa. Multivariable regression analysis showed that geographical location, season, royal jelly collection and Varroa infestation were the factors that influence the intensity of T. mercedesae. The influence of beekeeper’s education, time of beekeeping, operation size, and hive migration on the intensity of T. mercedesa was not statistically significant. This study provided information about the establishment of the linkage of the environment
and the parasite and could lead to better timing and methods of control. 相似文献
15.
The maT clade of transposons is a group of transposable elements intermediate in sequence and predicted protein structure to mariner and Tc transposons, with a distribution thus far limited to a few invertebrate species. We present evidence, based on searches of publicly available databases, that the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae has several maT-like transposons, which we have designated as CbmaT elements, dispersed throughout its genome. We also describe two additional transposon sequences that probably share their evolutionary history with the CbmaT transposons. One resembles a fold back variant of a CbmaT element, with long (380-bp) inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) that show a high degree (71%) of identity to CbmaT1. The other, which shares only the 26-bp ITR sequences with one of the CbmaT variants, is present in eight nearly identical copies, but does not have a transposase gene and may therefore be cross mobilised by a CbmaT transposase. Using PCR-based mobility assays, we show that CbmaT1 transposons are capable of excising from the C. briggsae genome. CbmaT1 excised approximately 500 times less frequently than Tcb1 in the reference strain AF16, but both CbmaT1 and Tcb1 excised at extremely high frequencies in the HK105 strain. The HK105 strain also exhibited a high frequency of spontaneous induction of unc-22 mutants, suggesting that it may be a mutator strain of C. briggsae. 相似文献
16.
V. C. Dilukshi Fernando Wesam Al Khateeb Mark F. Belmonte Dana F. Schroeder 《Plant molecular biology》2018,97(1-2):149-163
Key message
Arabidopsis det1 mutants exhibit salt and osmotic stress resistant germination. This phenotype requires HY5, ABF1, ABF3, and ABF4.Abstract
While DE-ETIOLATED 1 (DET1) is well known as a negative regulator of light development, here we describe how det1 mutants also exhibit altered responses to salt and osmotic stress, specifically salt and mannitol resistant germination. LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) positively regulates both light and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling. We found that hy5 suppressed the det1 salt and mannitol resistant germination phenotype, thus, det1 stress resistant germination requires HY5. We then queried publically available microarray datasets to identify genes downstream of HY5 that were differentially expressed in det1 mutants. Our analysis revealed that ABA regulated genes, including ABA RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 3 (ABF3), are downregulated in det1 seedlings. We found that ABF3 is induced by salt in wildtype seeds, while homologues ABF4 and ABF1 are repressed, and all three genes are underexpressed in det1 seeds. We then investigated the role of ABF3, ABF4, and ABF1 in det1 phenotypes. Double mutant analysis showed that abf3, abf4, and abf1 all suppress the det1 salt/osmotic stress resistant germination phenotype. In addition, abf1 suppressed det1 rapid water loss and open stomata phenotypes. Thus interactions between ABF genes contribute to det1 salt/osmotic stress response phenotypes.17.
Biodegradation of 3-Nitrobenzoate by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus flexus</Emphasis> strain XJU-4
Sikandar I. Mulla T. P. Manjunatha Robertcyril S. Hoskeri Preeti N. Tallur Harichandra Z. Ninnekar 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2011,27(7):1587-1592
Bacillus flexus strain XJU-4 utilized 3-nitrobenzoate at 12 mM as a sole source of carbon and energy. This strain also utilized 4-nitrobenzoate,
2-nitrotoluene and nitrobenzene as growth substrates. The optimum conditions for degradation of 3-nitrobenzoate by the organism
were found to be at pH 7.0 and temperature 30°C. Metabolite analysis, growth and enzymatic studies have revealed that the
organism degraded 3-nitrobenzoate by oxidative mechanism through protocatechuate with the release of nitrite. The cells grown
on 3-nitrobenzoate utilized protocatechuate but not 3-hydroxybenzoate, 3-aminobenzoate, 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzoate and 4-nitrocatechol.
The cell-free extract of Bacillus flexus strain XJU-4 grown on 3-nitrobenzoate contained the activity of protocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase, which suggest that protocatechuate
was further degraded by a novel 2,3-dioxygenative meta-cleavage pathway. 相似文献
18.
Kyung Hee Do Hye Min Park Se Kyung Kim Hyun Shik Yun 《Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering》2018,23(1):100-107
Biodiesel is produced worldwide as an alternative energy fuel and substitute for petroleum. Biodiesel is often obtained from vegetable oil, but production of biodiesel from plants requires additional land for growing crops and can affect the global food supply. Consequently, it is necessary to develop appropriate microorganisms for the development of an alternative biodiesel feedstock. Escherichia coli is suitable for the production of biodiesel feedstocks since it can synthesize fatty acids for lipid production, grows well, and is amenable to genetic engineering. Recombinant E. coli was designed and constructed for the production of biodiesel with improved unsaturated fatty acid contents via regulation of the FAS pathway consisting of initiation, elongation, and termination steps. Here, we investigated the effects of fabA, fabB, and fabF gene expression on the production of unsaturated fatty acids and observed that the concentration of cis-vaccenic acid, a major component of unsaturated fatty acids, increased 1.77-fold compared to that of the control strain. We also introduced the genes which synthesize malonyl-ACP used during initiation step of fatty acid synthesis and the genes which produce free fatty acids during termination step to study the effect of combination of genes in elongation step and other steps. The total fatty acid content of this strain increased by 35.7% compared to that of the control strain. The amounts of unsaturated fatty acids and cis-vaccenic acid increased by 3.27 and 3.37-fold, respectively. 相似文献
19.
Monica G. Risley Stephanie P. Kelly Justin Minnerly Kailiang Jia Ken Dawson-Scully 《Invertebrate neuroscience : IN》2018,18(2):8
Increased neuronal excitability causes seizures with debilitating symptoms. Effective and noninvasive treatments are limited for easing symptoms, partially due to the complexity of the disorder and lack of knowledge of specific molecular faults. An unexplored, novel target for seizure therapeutics is the cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) pathway, which targets downstream K+ channels, a mechanism similar to Retigabine, a recently FDA-approved antiepileptic drug. Our results demonstrate that increased PKG activity decreased seizure duration in C. elegans utilizing a recently developed electroconvulsive seizure assay. While the fly is a well-established seizure model, C. elegans are an ideal yet unexploited model which easily uptakes drugs and can be utilized for high-throughput screens. In this study, we show that treating the worms with either a potassium channel opener, Retigabine or published pharmaceuticals that increase PKG activity, significantly reduces seizure recovery times. Our results suggest that PKG signaling modulates downstream K+ channel conductance to control seizure recovery time in C. elegans. Hence, we provide powerful evidence, suggesting that pharmacological manipulation of the PKG signaling cascade may control seizure duration across phyla. 相似文献
20.
Arene cis-diols are interesting chemicals because of their chiral structures and great potentials in industrial synthesis of useful
chiral chemical products. Pseudomonas putida KT2442 was genetically modified to transform benzoic acid (benzoate) to 1,2-dihydroxy-cyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid
(DHCDC) or named benzoate cis-diol. BenD gene encoding cis-diol dehydrogenase was deleted to generate a mutant named P. putida KTSY01. Genes benABC encoding benzoate dioxygenase were cloned into plasmid pSYM01 and overexpressed in P. putida KTSY01. The recombinant bacteria P. putida KTSY01 (pSYM01) showed strong ability to transform benzoate to DHCDC. DHCDC of 2.3 g/L was obtained with a yield of 73% after
24 h of cultivation in shake flasks incubated under optimized growth conditions. Transformation of benzoate carried out in
a 6-L fermentor using a benzoate fed-batch process produced over 17 g/L DHCDC after 48 h of fermentation. The average DHCDC
production rate was 0.356 g L−1 h−1. DHCDC purified from the fermentation broth showed a purity of more than 95%, and its chemical structure was confirmed by
nuclear magnetic resonance. 相似文献