恶性疟原虫多抗原表位基因的融合与表达

以霍乱毒素Ｂ亚基（ＣＴＢ）基因为载体,构建了含不同抗原表位的恶性疟原虫的融合基因ＣＴＢ／ＡＴＥ和ＣＴＢ／ＡＷＴＥ。前者除含有恶性疟原虫裂殖子表面主要抗原表位杂合多肽基因ＳＰｆ６６外,还含有很强的Ｔ辅助细胞表位ＣＳＴ３和Ｔｃ细胞表位;后者在此基础上将我国发现的Ｂ细胞表位ＮＫＮＤＤ基因经８次串联后融合其中。两种形式的融合基因经测序正确后转入大肠杆菌ＴＫ１０４６中,产量分别为１０ｍｇ／Ｌ及５ｍｇ／Ｌ。表达产物ＣＴＢ／ＡＷＴＥ经亲和层析纯化双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ测定表明,该融合蛋白在保留了与抗ＣＴＢ抗体结合的同时,与抗ＮＫＮＤＤ单抗的结合效价达１：８０００。     

恶性疟原虫杂合多肽抗原融合基因的克隆和表达

合成了５对寡核苷酸片段,分别连接在两种恶性疟原虫杂合多肽（４５肽和５８肽）抗原基因片段（ＨＰＦＧＡ和ＨＰＦＧＢ）的头部和尾部,将这两种片段分别与霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位（ＣＴ－Ｂ）基因末端融合。两种杂合多肽抗原分别含有数个红内期和红外期有代表性的、并能被Ｔ或Ｂ淋巴细胞识别的保护性抗原表位,ＣＴ－Ｂ基因前端具有促使分泌的信号肽序列。将这两种融合基因的不同重组质粒分别转化大肠杆菌,对转化菌的培养上清检测表明融合蛋白被分泌性表达,既具有恶性疟原虫和ＣＴ－Ｂ抗原性,又保持了ＣＴ－Ｂ与其受体神经节苷脂ＣＭ１结合的生物学活性。     

恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原融合基因的表达及其生物活性

采用遗传工程技术获得了含有恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原融合基因的重组质粒pMC055－CS的工程菌株,能高效分泌CS抗原的融合蛋白至胞外,可达25mg／L．具有霍乱毒素B亚单位（CT－B）和子孢子CS的抗原性．将纯化的融合蛋白免疫C57纯系小鼠,免疫后抗CT－B抗体滴度可达1：3200～6400,抗CS抗体滴度可达1：320～640．免疫小鼠采用约氏疟子孢子腹腔攻击,保护率达34～45％．     

恶性疟原虫杂合多肽抗原融合基因的克隆和表达

合成了５对寡核苷酸片段，分别连接在两种恶性疟原虫杂合多肽（４５肽和５８肽）抗原基因片段（ＨＰＦＧＡ和ＨＰＦＧＢ）的头部和尾部，将这两种片段分别与霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位（ＣＴ－Ｂ）基因末端融合。两种杂合多肽抗原分别含有数个红内期和红外期有代表性的、并能被Ｔ或Ｂ淋巴细胞识别的保护性抗原表位，ＣＴ－Ｂ基因前端具有促使分泌的信号肽序列，将这两种融合基因的不同重组质粒分别转化大肠杆菌，对转化菌的培养上清检测表明融     

恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原融合基因的表达及其生物活性

采用遗传工程技术了获得了含有恶性疟原虫子孢子ＣＳ抗原融合基因的重组质粒ｐＭＣ０５５－ＣＳ的工程菌株,能高效分泌ＣＳ抗原的融合蛋白至胞外,可达２５ｍｇ／Ｌ,具有霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位和子孢子ＣＳ的抗原性;将纯化的融合蛋白免疫Ｃ５７纯系小鼠,免疫后抗ＣＴ－Ｂ抗体滴度可达１：３ ２００－６４００,抗ＣＳ抗体滴度可达１：３２０－６４０,免疫小鼠用纸氏疟孢子腹腔攻击,保护率达３４－４５％。     

恶性疟多抗原表位融合基因在不同载体中的克隆与表达

通过PCR方法扩增并分析了恶性疟原虫多抗原表位融合基因awte序列,再分别克隆于温度诱导型融合表达载体pEX31b和IPTG诱导型融合型表达载体pGEMEX1中,并进行了诱导表达,并对表达产物MS2－AWTE和T7φ10－AWTE融合蛋白进行间接ELISA检测,证实MS2－AWTE和T7φ10－AWTE都具有免疫学活性。另外,同样将awte基因分别克隆于温度诱导型和IPTG诱导型非融合表达载体pBV200、pKEN中并进行诱导表达,但在SDS－PAGE中并未检测到可见的AWTE表达带。     

大肠杆菌脂蛋白在CTB—pres2抗原基因的融合及表达

首次采用基因融合方式,在乱毒素Ｂ亚基－乙型肝炎病毒Ｐｒｅｓ２抗原融合基因的５‘端引入编码大肠杆菌脂蛋白信号肽及Ｎ端九个氨基酸的核苷酸序列,分别置于ｃｔｂ及ｌａｃ启动子下在大肠杆菌中获得分泌性表达,表达的融合蛋白均定位于膜上,并且可以和ＧＭ１、抗－ＣＴＢ抗体及ＨＢＶＰｒｅＳ２单克隆抗体结合说明该融合蛋白保留了ＣＴＢ的基本高级结构及ＣＴＢ、ＰｒｅＳ２抗原的抗原性,＾３Ｈ－棕榈酸标记实验证实该融合蛋白发     

重组霍乱毒素B亚基与疟原虫多表位融合蛋白的免疫保护作用研究

对以霍乱毒素B亚基为载体蛋白的重组疟疾多价抗原在小鼠及恒河猴中的免疫原性及对相应疟原虫感染的免疫保护作用进行了研究。结果表明：该抗原免疫小鼠后,对约氏疟子孢子攻击的保护率在50%左右;恒河猴免疫后用1×10⁸食蟹疟裂殖子攻击,对照组2只动物在攻击后4d感染,感染持续30d以上;免疫组2只动物中,两只动物在感染6～7d后完全恢复,且1只推迟3d感染,说明该抗原具有免疫保护作用。     

丙型肝炎病毒抗原决定簇与霍乱毒素B亚基的融合表达以及融合蛋白的抗…

通过固相化学合成法,合成了编码丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）结构区和非结构区的４个抗原决定簇基因。这些抗原决定簇基因片段以不同方式串联后与ｃｔｘＢ基因融合,构建了１２种表达不同嵌合蛋白的重组质粒。各重组质粒转化大肠杆菌后均能高效分泌性表达融合蛋白,表达产量随所融合的抗原簇不同在１０－５０μｇ／ｍｌ之间,表达水平主要与抗原决定簇的氨基酸组成有关,而与抗原决定簇的大小及串联次数关系不大。融合蛋白通过亲和层析纯     

大肠杆菌脂蛋白与CTB-pres2抗原基因的融合及表达

首次采用基因融合方式,在乱毒素B亚基-乙型肝炎病毒Pres2抗原融合基因（ctxB-Pres2）的5’端了引入编码大肠杆菌脂蛋白信号肽及N端九个氨基酸的核苷酸序列,分别置于ctb及lpp／lac启动子下在大肠杆菌中获得分泌性表达．表达的融合蛋白均定位于膜上,并且可以和GM1、抗-CTB抗体及抗HBVPreS2单克隆抗体结合,说明该融合蛋白保留了CTB的基本高级结构及CTB、PreS2抗原的抗原性．3H-棕榈酸标记实验证实该融合蛋白发生脂肪化,为免疫原性研究奠定了基础．此外,还研究了不同信号肽和宿主菌对该蛋白表达的影响．     

Performance Evaluation of Biozentech Malaria Scanner in Plasmodium knowlesi and P. falciparum as a New Diagnostic Tool

The computer vision diagnostic approach currently generates several malaria diagnostic tools. It enhances the accessible and straightforward diagnostics that necessary for clinics and health centers in malaria-endemic areas. A new computer malaria diagnostics tool called the malaria scanner was used to investigate living malaria parasites with easy sample preparation, fast and user-friendly. The cultured Plasmodium parasites were used to confirm the sensitivity of this technique then compared to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and light microscopic examination. The measured percentage of parasitemia by the malaria scanner revealed higher precision than microscopy and was similar to FACS. The coefficients of variation of this technique were 1.2–6.7% for Plasmodium knowlesi and 0.3–4.8% for P. falciparum. It allowed determining parasitemia levels of 0.1% or higher, with coefficient of variation smaller than 10%. In terms of the precision range of parasitemia, both high and low ranges showed similar precision results. Pearson’s correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation data coming from all methods. A strong correlation of measured parasitemia (r²=0.99, P<0.05) was observed between each method. The parasitemia analysis using this new diagnostic tool needs technical improvement, particularly in the differentiation of malaria species.     

疟原虫抗原B表位NKND在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白中的表达

疟原虫抗原B表位NKND是由本课题组首先报道的一个新的疟疾抗原表位．它是存在于多种不同疟原虫分离株中的保守序列．以减毒沙门氏菌为载体制备口服活疫苗,方法简单,使用方便,其鞭毛蛋白有较强的免疫原性,有利于激发人体的细胞和体液免疫．人工合成8肽的实验中[2]发现NKNDD可增强NKND对相应抗体的亲和力．将人工合成的NKNDD寡核苷酸片段插入鼠伤寒沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白表达体系中,经Western杂交鉴定,表达出具有多拷贝NKNDD表位的重组鞭毛蛋白．     

毕赤酵母表达系统

选择合适的表达系统是蛋白质体外成功表达的关键。毕赤酵母表达系统是一种新的、极具潜力的真核表达系统,其在蛋白质表达方面具有其它系统不可比拟的优点,正在得到越来越广泛的应用。较详细地综迷了毕赤酵母表达系统的特点、组成及影响其表达的因素等。     

恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原融合基因的克隆

利用381-A型DNA合成仪,参照恶性疟原虫子孢子CS抗原决定簇相应氨基酸的核苷酸序列,设计了CS-Ⅰ和CS-Ⅱ两个片段。以噬菌体M13mp18质粒作为载体,将两片段进行磷酸化、退火、连接和克隆,经过原位杂交,序列分析,获得了(NANP)_(10)重复串联基因的重组质粒M13mp18-CS。再以酶切,从重组质粒中回收(NANP)_(10)次的片段,将其片段基因与CT-B基因融合,最后将融合基因CT-B-CS插入载体PMC055中,成功地得到含有(NANP)_(10)与CT-B基因融合的重组质粒pMC055-CS。     

EV71病毒中和表位和诺如病毒P结构域嵌合蛋白的原核表达

目的:构建肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus71,EV71)的线性中和抗原表位与诺如病毒P结构域融合基因的重组质粒,在大肠杆菌中表达诺如病毒P结构域与EV71中和抗原表位的嵌合蛋白。方法:根据已报道的3个EV71线性中和抗原表位的氨基酸序列,按大肠杆菌密码子表达使用的偏好性优化和设计各线性中和抗原表位的核苷酸序列,将这些表位以单个或不同的组合克隆至含诺如病毒P结构域和GST标签的质粒中,经测序确认后,分别转化到E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,通过IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达。用GST融合蛋白纯化磁珠对融合蛋白进行纯化,最后通过免疫印迹法确认融合蛋白的表达及嵌合蛋白的抗原性。结果:测序结果表明,成功地构建了含EV71病毒3个单表位和4个串联中和抗原表位的诺如病毒P结构域重组质粒,而且这7个含线性中和抗原表位的嵌合蛋白在大肠杆菌中都以可溶形式得到了表达。免疫印迹分析表达蛋白的抗原性结果表明,表达的嵌合蛋白都能与抗诺如病毒P结构域抗血清反应。除了含单表位的SP55和SP28嵌合蛋白外,其它的嵌合蛋白均能与抗EV71病毒的抗血清反应。结论:成功地在大肠杆菌中表达了诺如病毒P结构域和EV71病毒中和抗原表位的嵌合蛋白,且具有抗原性,这为诺如病毒和EV71病毒的二价疫苗及检测方法的研发奠定了基础。     

鸡IL-2/NDV-F蛋白抗原表位融合基因的表达及免疫性初探

研究鸡白细胞介素-2(chicken interleukin-2,ChIL-2)的免疫佐剂功能,构建ChIL-2与新城疫病毒F蛋白多抗原表位(NDV-F)的嵌合基因,以对鸡新城疫疫病进行防治。采用重叠延伸PCR方法通过基因柔性接头将ChIL-2基因和NDV-F多抗原表位基因构建成ChIL-2-linker-NDV-F嵌合基因并克隆入PET-32a载体,经测序鉴定后,转化BL21大肠杆菌,IPTG诱导表达6×His融合蛋白,Ni2~+亲和柱纯化,表达产物经SDS-PAGE、Western blot和间接ELISA检测和鉴定。结果表明,实验成功构建并克隆了ChIL-2-linker-NDV-F嵌合基因,嵌合基因在大肠杆菌中表达的ChIL-2-linker-NDV-F融合蛋白分子量约为48kD,表达量约占菌体蛋白总量的45%,纯化后的ChIL-2-linker-NDV-F融合蛋白能与感染NDV的鸡血清发生反应。上述结果证明ChIL-2-linker-NDV-F嵌合基因在原核细胞中能有效表达,且融合蛋白具有较强的特异性和免疫原性。     

Heritability of P. falciparum and P. vivax Malaria in a Karen Population in Thailand

The majority of studies concerning malaria host genetics have focused on individual genes that confer protection against rather than susceptibility to malaria. Establishing the relative impact of genetic versus non-genetic factors on malaria infection and disease is essential to focus effort on key determinant factors. This relative contribution has rarely been evaluated for Plasmodium falciparum and almost never for Plasmodium vivax. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study in a Karen population of 3,484 individuals in a region of mesoendemic malaria, Thailand from 1998 to 2005. The number of P. falciparum and P. vivax clinical cases and the parasite density per person were determined. Statistical analyses were performed to account for the influence of environmental factors and the genetic heritability of the phenotypes was calculated using the pedigree-based variance components model. The genetic contribution to the number of clinical episodes resulting from P. falciparum and P. vivax were 10% and 19% respectively. There was also moderate genetic contribution to the maximum and overall parasite trophozoite density phenotypes for both P. falciparum (16%&16%) and P. vivax (15%&13%). These values, for P. falciparum, were similar to those previously observed in a region of much higher transmission intensity in Senegal, West Africa. Although environmental factors play an important role in acquiring an infection, genetics plays a determinant role in the outcome of an infection with either malaria parasite species prior to the development of immunity.     

Protective cellular immunity against P. falciparum malaria merozoites is associated with a different P7 and P8 residue orientation in the MHC-peptide-TCR complex

Developing a logical and rational methodology for obtaining vaccines, especially against the main parasite causing human malaria (P. falciparum), consists of blocking receptor-ligand interactions. Conserved peptides derived from proteins involved in invasion and having high red blood cell binding ability have thus been identified. Immunization studies using Aotus monkeys have revealed that these peptides were neither immunogenic nor protection inducing. When modified in their critical binding residues, previously identified by Glycine scanning, some of these peptides were immunogenic and non-protection inducers; others induced short-lived antibodies whilst a few were both immunogenic and protection inducing. However, very few of these modified high activity binding peptides (HABPs) reproducibly induced protection without inducing antibody production, but with high cytokine liberation, suggesting that cellular mechanisms had been activated in the protection process. The three-dimensional structure of these peptides inducing protection without producing antibodies was determined by 1H-NMR. Their HLA-DRbeta1* molecule binding ability was also determined to ascertain association between their 3D structure and ability to bind to Major Histocompatibility Complex Class-II molecules (MHC-II). 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance analysis and structure calculations clearly showed that these modified HABPs inducing protective cellular immune responses (but not producing antibodies against malaria) adopted special structural configuration to fit into the MHC II-peptide-TCR complex. A different orientation for P7 and P8 TCR contacting residues was clearly recognized when comparing their structure with modified peptides, which induced high antibody titers and protection, suggesting that these residues are involved in activating the immune system associated with antibody production and protection.     

乙肝病毒preS抗原决定簇与核心抗原的融合表达

将乙肝病毒表面抗原的ｐｒｅＳ抗原决定簇片段与核心抗原进行融合,分别构建了在核心抗原中间对应第７５～８３位氨基酸之间的融合及在核心抗原羧端对应第１５６位氨基酸处的融合,并在ｔａｃ启动子的控制下于大肠杆菌中表达。表达产物经ＥＬＩＳＡ检测和ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ分析,表明融合蛋白均被表达,其单体分子量大小与推算值一致．电镜观察和ＣｓＣｌ密度梯度超离心测定都表明融合蛋白能形成颗粒,其密度略小于天然的ＨＢｃ颗粒。初步纯化的融合蛋白免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠;能产生高滴度的抗－ｐｒｅＳ１抗体,表明ＰｒｅＳｌ（２１～４７）在核心抗原ｅｌｌｏｏｐ区的融合能大大提高其免疫原性．