Changes in enzyme activity of corn seedlings after foliar application of triacontanol

Changes in the activity of several enzymes in corn seedlings (Zea mays L.) after 1-triacontanol (TRIA) application have been analyzed. The specific activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in corn seedlings treated with TRIA increased rapidly. Three days after treatment, the TRIA-treated seedlings showed 89% and 39% more ICDH and 6PGDH activity per mg protein, respectively, than the untreated plants. Malate dehydrogenase activity increased in treated plants at a rate approximately equivalent to the increase in soluble protein. Acid phosphatase, peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase activity remained relatively constant on a per plant basis and decreased slightly on a per mg protein basis. No qualitative changes were observed in the isozyme patterns of the enzymes analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis, although quantitative changes consistent with the increases using spectrophotometric assays were observed.     

Prolein polymorphism in a randombred chicken population

Polymorphism in plasma amylase, plasma alkaline phosphatase, non-specific esterase and red cell esterase-D of the Athens-Canadian randombred (ACRB) population of chickens was determined by polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis. Amylase alleles Amy-1^A and Amy-1^B were segregating in the ACRB population with frequencies of 0.45 and 0.55 respectively. For the plasma alkaline phosphatase the F and S bands, the B band and a new isozyme migrating at a faster rate than the previously reported F band were detected. A genetic nomenclature for plasma alkaline phosphatase is suggested which considers the difference between the F and S bands as the presence or absence of sialic acid attached to a primary protein.
Plasma esterase activity was observed in all four of the regions previously reported, but there was no polymorphism found in any of the loci. All birds in this population showed the same red-cell esterase-D phenotype which consisted of a main band with sub-bands on each side.     

Isozyme modifications during morphogenesis of callus from barley and wheat

Callus cultures fron non-organogenic, young and one-year old, and morphogenic calli were used to assess the value of isozymes analysis for the prediction of morphogenic capacity by studying esterase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase. Basic isozyme patterns of each enzyme for the callus were retained in all the callus stages and in the callus which has differentiated into shoots. With the development of shoot and/or root some conspicuous isozymes appeared for esterase and acid phosphatase and some disappeared for peroxidase. As the isozyme changes became apparent only after shoot or root initiation these enzymes could not be used as markers to distinguish between morphogenic and non-morphogenic calli.     

Influence de l'intensité lumineuse sur quelques activités enzymatiques chez Palaemon serratus

Esterase 2 C activities, involving the hydrolysis of 2-carbon carboxylic esters, α-glucosidase, acetylglucosaminidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases in the hepatopancreas of Palaemon serratus, were examined by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The isoenzymatic equipments of shrimps acclimated at 6 different ligh intensities (1 to 1200 lx) were compared. Enzymatic activities were measured and the molecular weight of each isozyme was evaluated. It was found that (a) the concentration of soluble proteins decreases between 1 and 600 lx; (b) esterase 2 C and alkaline phosphatase activities increase substantially between 1 and 1200 lx; (c) for these two activities, light intensity acts differently according to the isozyme under consideration; (d) α-glucosidase activities vary inversely with acetylglucosaminidase activity at light intensities greater than 150 lux.     

Specific Isozyme Marker of a Virus Resistant Barley Derived from Interspecies Cross Between Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum

A diploid barley cultivar "Supi 1" was crossed with a tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum “GBC141” to transfer the disease resistant traits. Eleven viable triploid F1 plants were produced by means of embryo rescue technique. The resulting triploid hybrids were backcrossed to diploid barley, and seven BC1 plants were obtained. One of the BC1 plants exhibited barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) resistance when grown in the diseased nursery. Isozyme analysis of H. vulgate, H. bulbosum and their backcross hybrids were made via slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique. The primary results showed that zymogram variation could be obviously found between diploid barley "Supi 1' and tetraploid H. bulbosurn "GBC141”. A peroxidase isozyme (Rf=0.47) from H. bulbosum was detected in the peroxidase isozyme zymogram of young roots of backcross hybrid BC1-2. This peroxidase isozyme was related to the BaYMV resistance but the linkage relation will be determined by the genetic analysis of the F2 population in the future. The BaYMV resistant line of the backcross with isozyme marker is the important resource of barley disease-resistant breeding.     

Multiple Hydrolases in Bean Leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the Effect of the Halo Blight Disease Caused by Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson

Multiple forms of hydrolytic enzymes were demonstrated in extracts of healthy bean leaves (Phascolus vulgaris L.) and bean leaves infected with the halo blight organism [Pseudomonas phaseolicola (Burkh.) Dowson] by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis.Bean leaves contained up to 4 acid phosphatase bands, 9 esterase bands active towards alpha-naphthyl acetate, and 7 esterase bands towards alpha-naphthyl butyrate. Only low or no activity was found for alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and aminopeptidase.Two artifacts are described which were observed with the lead phosphate method for acid phosphatase and the Tween method for demonstration of lipase.After infection with the halo blight organism the major acid phosphatase of the host increased during early and decreased at later infection stages. An acid phosphatase of bacterial origin with a more neutral pH optimum could be demonstrated in infected leaves. It is suggested that the bacterial acid phosphatase plays a role in uptake of metabolites by the pathogen.Several esterase bands decreased after infection. One host band with activity towards alpha-naphthyl butyrate increased. Also the pathogen showed an esterase band with high activity towards alpha-naphthyl butyrate.     

Isozyme modifications and plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)

Summary The potential of somatic embryogenesis was evaluated for 10 cultivars of sweet potato through extensive embryogenic response and isozyme analysis. Embryogenic callus was induced by incubating lateral buds on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 10 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for 6–8 weeks. The frequency of embryogenic response was low, and varied with genotypes, ranging from 0 to 17%. Embryo to plantlet formation could be enhanced by the use of the combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with kinetin, both used at 0.01 M. Embryogenic callus with its potential of plantlet formation has constantly been maintained for over two years. However, after several subcultures, 0.5 to 12% of embryogenic callus reverted irreversibly into friable fast-growing non-embryogenic callus whose ability to regenerate shoots was then definitively lost. The isozymes of esterase, peroxidase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and acid phosphatase investigated in this study were found appropriate to distinguish compact embryogenic from friable non-embryogenic callus in sweet potato. In fact, the callus reversion was associated with a loss of bands or a decline in isozyme activity. On the contrary, very small changes in isozyme activity or no specific changes at all were observed during the differentiation of embryogenic callus into globular embryos.Abbreviations Acp acid phosphatase - BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - cv cultivar - df degree of freedom - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - Est esterase - Got glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium - Prx peroxidase - Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane     

Plant Leaf and Stem Proteins. II. Isozymes and Environmental Cabbage

The activity of 10 enzymes separated by acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of leaf and stem extracts from Dianthus grown under summer and winter conditions was studied. While banding was constant and highly reproducible under each environment, differences between the 3 cultivars and between the tissues were evident. No significant differences in the isozyme patterns of glutamate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and catalase were observed between the 2 environments. Loss of activity was observed under winter conditions with amylase and lactate dehydrogenase and loss of certain isozymic components was evident with acid phosphatase and esterase. Prominent changes were observed in peroxidase isozymes, the hardy cultivars developing additional isozymic components under winter conditions. Only minor changes in the total protein banding were seen. The enzymes showed considerable stability in those tissues killed by the freezing conditions.     

Enzyme activity and electrophoretic pattern of isoenzymes of peroxidase,esterase and alkaline and acid phosphatase in relation to flowering inAmaranthus viridis L. - a quantitative SD plant

Amaranthus viridis is a quantitative SD plant in which inflorescence primordia are initiated under both 24- and 8-h photoperiods after 12 and 10 days, when 8 and 7 leaves are differentiated, respectively. Photoperiod plays a non-determinate role, whereas the maturity of plants linked with the attainment of minimum leaf number is significant and of primary importance in floral induction. This is further confirmed by the more or less identical nature of changes in the total enzyme activity and isoenzyme patterns of peroxidase, esterase and alkaline and acid phosphatase under the two photoperiods. These changes occur once the minimum vegetative growth has been achieved prior to the reproductive transformation, irrespective of the photoperiod, pointing to the activation of a general common pathway of events leading to floral induction.     

龙舌兰麻种质的过氧化物同工酶研究

以23份龙舌兰麻种质的嫩叶为材料,采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳,分析它们的过氧化物(POD)同工酶酶谱特征,为杂交育种亲本选择提供依据.结果表明,23份材料显示出3～10条不等的酶带,有22种不同的酶谱类型,说明过氧化物同工酶酶谱可鉴定除'粤西117'和'东292'之外的21份龙舌兰麻种质;Rf为0.37的酶带为所有供试材料的共有谱带.DPS聚类分析结果表明,23份材料根据亲缘关系远近可分为3大类:第一类为包括'金边弧叶龙舌兰'、'弧叶龙舌兰'等在内的9份种质;第二类为包括'多叶普通剑麻'、'南亚2号'等在内的5份种质;第三类为包括'假菠萝麻'、'银边假菠萝麻'等在内的9份种质.     

马唐体细胞胚胎发生过程中生理变化的研究

本文通过对马唐体细胞胚胎发生过程中生理变化的研究后发现,球形胚游离氨基酸种类最少、浓度最低;其过氧化物酶、酯酶和淀粉酶同工酶活性较高、种类较多;其可溶性蛋白质相对浓度最高,并且出现至少两种新带。这说明球形胚已开始分子水平的分化;在这一时期合成的蛋白质(酶),对于马唐体细胞胚胎发生中胚体细胞水平的分化有着重要作用。     

Isozyme profiles associated with the hypersensitive response of Chenopodium foetidum to plum pox virus infection

Isozyme profiles of esterases (E.C. 3.1.1.1), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (E.C. 2.6.1.1) and peroxidases (E.C. 1.11.1.7) have been determined in healthy tissues of Chenopodium foetidum as well as their modifications during leaf development. The effect of plum pox virus infection on the isozyme profiles has also been studied. Virus-induced necrotic lesions displayed a peroxidase (POX) pattern that has not been found in any other tissue of the plant so far analyzed. The pattern was similar to that of old yellow leaves, except that POX-B, which was detected in the necrotic lesions, has not been detected in any developmental stage of healthy leaves. Changes in the peroxidase profile seem to begin early during infection, even before necrosis is visible. We suggest that senescence is established at necrotic lesions extending from there to the rest of the infected leaf affecting the peroxidase isozyme pattern. However, other changes, which induce POX-B, must also take place at necrotic lesions. These do not extend to the rest of the infected leaves. Plum pox virus infection has less effect on the glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and esterase isozyme patterns, inducing an almost normal senescence pattern.     

Effect of Aliette on AMV Infection of Bean Leaves and on the Resultant Alterations in the Patterns of Proteins and Peroxidases

Increased peroxidase activity as well as changes in the patterns of soluble proteins, and peroxidases were observed following infection of bean leaves with AMV.
Foliar sprays with Aliette® (phosethyl Al) at 2000 ppm a. i. delayed the appearance of necrotic local lesions and reduced their final number on primary bean leaves following inoculation with alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV).
The delay in the appearance of symptoms observed on Aliette-treated inoculated leaves was correlative with a delay in all the above cited alterations, while reduction of final symptoms was correlative with a decrease of these alterations.     

UV-B辐射对烟草光合色素和几种酶的影响

对UV-B胁迫条件下烟草叶片相关生理生化指标的变化进行研究.结果表明,UV-B辐照后,烟草叶片内光合色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素)的含量均呈上升趋势,3种色素比对照分别上升了21%、10%、27%;可溶性蛋白含量呈先上升后下降趋势;过氧化物酶活性明显上升,同工酶图谱分析证实,有一种新的过氧化物酶同工酶表达;利用重组噬夏孢欧文氏菌(Erwinia uredovora)GGPP合成酶免疫家兔,制备了兔抗GGPP合成酶的抗血清.Western blot检测显示,UV-B辐照可使烟草叶片GGPP合成酶(GGPS)的表达量显著提高.     

赖草属七个种同工酶研究

用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法对赖草属７个种的幼根、幼叶进行了酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶分析,结果表明：无论从相同器官进行不同的同工酶分析,还是从不同器官进行相同的同工酶分析,这７个种的酶谱在各带区存在相似酶带,但更多的是相异酶带。从酯酶、过氧化物酶这两种酶分析结果来看,酯酶比过氧化物酶分离效果好些;从幼根和幼叶这两个器官的酶谱来看,幼根比幼叶酶带多些,分离效果也好些。同时也表明这７个种的酶谱变化与染色体倍性变化无关     

Histochemical demonstration of changes in liver cell enzymes following infection with mouse hepatitis virus

Summary Changes in liver enzymes of Weanling CDF1 mice inoculated with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV3) were studied by histochemical techniques for the demonstration of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and esterase. Marked changes were observed in the distribution of these enzymes 22 to 70 hours after infection. These included a generalized increase in peribiliary alkaline phosphatase together with a localized increase in acid phosphatase and a decrease in esterase associated with parenchymal damage and subsequent necrosis. Thus the effect of a virus infection upon a given tissue can be revealed and characterized by histochemical techniques.With 4 Figures in the Text     

Isozymal differention between two species of Prosopis

The patterns of five multilocus isozyme systems were investigated in seed, shoot and cotyledon tissue of two species of mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa and P. pallida. The isozymes of malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase from each of these tissues were analysed by starch gel electrophoresis and specific histochemical stains. In the case of each enzyme system examined, there were distinctly different isozymes which could be utilized to differentiate between these two species.     

中国苋属植物酯酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳技术对中国苋属植物１３种的酯酶同工酶谱进行了研究。结果表明：苋属植物酯酶同工酶有２条属的标志带在生化水平上认为是一个自然的分类群;     

Purification and partial characterization of four proteins from human parotid saliva

Four proteins, which have been designated A, B, C and D, have been purified from human parotid saliva. These proteins are the major constituents of parotid saliva which migrate rapidly to the anode in polyacrylamide electrophoresis at pH9.5. Gel filtration and polyacrylamide electrophoresis were employed in the purification procedures. After purification all four preparations were tested for homogeneity by electrophoresis at pH2.8 and 9.5, by isoelectric focusing in the pH range 3-10, by immunodiffusion, and by sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge. None of the proteins showed significant activity in assays for amylase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, protease, lysozyme, ribonuclease, peroxidase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, iron-binding activity and esterase. No cross-reactions were detected with antisera specific for lactoferrin and 15 serum proteins. All four proteins were rich in glutamic acid, proline and glycine and were lacking completely the sulphur-containing amino acids. Proteins A and C contained no threonine or tyrosine. Carbohydrate could be demonstrated only in protein A at a concentration of 4% of the total protein.     

对林檎分类学地位的研究

林檎与花红在新梢、花、果方面均有较大的差别,其树干及大枝上有寄生瘤状突起。中国绵苹果的酶谱差异较大,林檎与花红的酶谱最接近,主酶带均为三条,其中有两条Rf值分别为0.53、0.56的主酶带相同;林檎比花红多出一条Rf值为0.80的弱酶带。结果表明,林檎为花红的一个变种。