大肠杆菌中一种对NF—IL63‘UTR专一的结合蛋白

在大肠杆菌ＴＧ１中,发现了一种与人白介素６核转录因子ｍＲＮＡ的３’非翻译区专一结合的蛋白,其Ｎ－端氨基酸序列为Ａｌａ－Ｔｈｒ－Ａｒｇ－Ｉｌｕ－Ｐｈｅ－Ｈｉｓ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｃｙｓｓ（？）－Ｇｌｙ。对数据库检索未发现完全同源的蛋白。对于在大肠杆菌中发现真核ｍＲＮＡ专一结合蛋白的意义做了讨论。     

大肠杆菌中一种对NF-IL63′UTR专一的结合蛋白

在大肠杆菌ＴＧ１ 中, 发现了一种与人白介素６ 核转录因子ｍＲＮＡ 的３′非翻译区专一结合的蛋白, 其Ｎ端氨基酸序列为ＡｌａＴｈｒＡｒｇＩｌｅＧｌｕＰｈｅＨｉｓＧｌｙＣｙｓｓ（ ？）Ｇｌｙ。对数据库检索未发现完全同源的蛋白。对于在大肠杆菌中发现真核ｍ ＲＮＡ专一结合蛋白的意义做了讨论。     

噬菌体显示法克隆RNA结合蛋白cDNA——表达文库的构建

试图用噬菌体显示法(phage display)克隆编码与人白细胞介素6核转录因子的3′非翻译区(NF-IL6 3′UTR)特异结合的蛋白的cDNA.构建了回复系RR细胞的cDNA的噬粒(phagemid)表达文库,并设法除去了cDNA的大部分终止密码子.鉴定表明,该文库中含有各种大小的cDNA插入片段,并能够表达外源cDNA,为用噬菌体显示法克隆RNA结合蛋白基因或cDNA做好了准备.     

癌症中p53失活的分子机制和靶向p53的抗癌药物研究进展

肿瘤抑制因子p53主要作为转录因子发挥作用.当细胞受到诸如缺氧、DNA损伤等胁迫时,p53蛋白迅速在细胞内积聚并激活,从而调控一系列基因的转录,导致细胞周期停顿、凋亡或衰老,避免细胞癌化.p53功能的失活往往导致癌症发生.编码p53蛋白的TP53基因的突变是p53失活的主要方式.突变型p53不仅失去抑癌作用,而且还具有...     

番茄ACC合成酶cDNA克隆及其对果实成熟的反义抑制

利用RT—PcR技术克隆了ACC合成酶多基因家族成员之－LE-ACC2编码区约1．7kb的cDNA,经酶切图谱和序列分析鉴定无误后,反向插入到植物表达载体pBin437中,构建了表达Acc合成酶反望RNA的二元载体。经农杆菌途径转化番茄“丽春”品种后,通过PCR检测从抗卡那霉素再生植株中筛选到6株转基因植株,Southern杂交确证了外源基因是以单拷贝插入到番茄染色体中;对果实乙烯释放的测定结果表明转基因番茄果实的乙烯释放量仅为对照的30％左右,在室温下转基因番茄果实采后保存60 d以上仍然没有变红、软化。以上结果表明其反义RNA在转基因番茄中的表达能有效地抑制乙烯的生物合成从而延缓果实成熟,表现出良好的耐储保鲜特性。对转基因植株子一代(T1)的分析结果进一步表明反义ACC合成酶基因以典型的单基因方式传到子代。通过对子二代的分析已初步筛选到一 个耐储藏的转基因番茄纯合品系。     

A/U富集片段RNA结合蛋白的固相纯化与鉴定

RNA与细胞靶蛋白结合是RNA发挥其生物学功能的重要基础,因此,分离和鉴定RNA结合蛋白是研究RNA功能的必要步骤．目前,RNA结合蛋白的分离和鉴定方法较多,但各有优缺点．本实验利用可溶性碳二亚胺(EDC)介导的缩合反应,将A/U富集片段RNA共价偶联到固相介质amine M-270上,再用固定化RNA经亲和层析从细胞抽提物中分离纯化RNA结合蛋白,并以SDS-PAGE联合质谱分析和Western blotting等方法鉴定RNA特异性结合蛋白．最后通过荧光原位杂交和共聚焦显微镜证明这些RNA特异性结合蛋白确与RNA在细胞内结合．实践证明这一方法简单、高效、易于掌握．     

4.1B蛋白的抑制肿瘤作用

4.1 R和Merlin是4.1蛋白超家族中两个功能比较清楚的成员,前者通过结合肌动蛋白和血影蛋白维持红细胞骨架结构的完整性:后者为抑癌蛋白,其缺失与脑膜瘤发生有关.4.1B蛋白是4.1R和Merlin的同源蛋白,与二者的结构和功能具有相似性.4.1B蛋白由三个保守的结构域构成,即FERM、SABD和CTD,通过这三个结构域,能与一系列蛋白质相互作用.4.1 B蛋白表达缺失与脑膜瘤、乳腺癌和非小细胞肺癌的发生相关,而过量表达则可激活JNK信号途径,促进细胞凋亡;此外,4.1 B蛋白还具有抑制肿瘤转移的功能.因此,目前多认为4.1B基因可能是一个抑癌基因.     

植物中14-3-3蛋白的主要功能

14-3-3蛋白家族广泛存在于真核生物中,序列高度保守。主要以同源或异源二聚体形式存在,可以同时与两个靶蛋白或者与一个靶蛋白的两个结构域相互作用,通过与靶蛋白上的一小段共有序列的磷酸化丝氨酸/苏氨酸残基结合来发挥其调控功能。本文综述了植物中的14-3-3蛋白及其主要功能,并重点综述了14-3-3蛋白对植物基本碳、氮代谢的调控。     

C/EBPβ mRNA 3′非翻译区肿瘤抑制功能的分子机制——同时缺失3段短序列降低其肿瘤抑制活性

CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白β(C/EBPβ) mRNA的3′非翻译区(3′UTR),是先前工作发现的一个具有肿瘤抑制功能的RNA调控元件．应用基因定点突变技术将该3′UTR cDNA上的三段核苷酸同时缺失掉,将缺失突变体稳定转染人肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721,并检测了该缺失突变体对SMMC-7721细胞系表型的影响,包括测定稳转细胞系的生长曲线、软琼脂集落形成能力、细胞集落形成能力及裸小鼠成瘤性．研究发现,C/EBPβ 3′UTR中这三段短序列的同时缺失明显降低了3′UTR的肿瘤抑制活性,使受其稳定转染的细胞系恶性显著增强．人全基因组基因芯片分析和实时荧光RT-PCR分析结果表明,与回复对照细胞相比,缺失突变3′UTR稳定转染细胞中,一些癌基因的表达量有所增加,而一些抑癌基因的表达量有所下降,这提示上述三段短序列是C/EBPβ 3′UTR的肿瘤抑制功能所同时需要的．     

泛素连接酶FBW7的肿瘤抑制作用和机制

泛素-蛋白酶体系统是一个主要的蛋白质降解调节通路,在细胞分裂过程中发挥着重要作用,其成员在肿瘤中频繁存在着表达异常现象.FBW7又名AGO、hCDC4、FBXW7和SEL-10,是一种拥有7串联WD40重复结构域的F-box蛋白,可作为SCF型泛素连接酶（E3）复合物的底物识别亚基发挥作用.FBW7是一种肿瘤抑制蛋白,其基因在多种肿瘤包括直肠癌、胃癌、卵巢癌和白血病中存在着基因突变或缺失.FBW7可直接结合和靶向作用多种转录激活因子或原癌基因,如周期蛋白E、c-Myc、c-Jun、Notch、MCL1、KLF5 和mTOR等并对其进行泛素化修饰和随后的26S蛋白酶体降解.肿瘤抑制蛋白FBW7的研究对肿瘤发生机制的理解具有重要意义,同时也为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供了新的靶点.本文综述了FBW7的特征、肿瘤抑制作用及机制.     

Control of Tumor Suppressor p53 Function by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Alterations in the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by various forms of stress can lead to the accumulation of unfolded proteins and protein aggregates that are detrimental to cell survival. Eukaryotic cells can adapt to ER stress by activating specific signalling pathways and mechanisms, whose primary purpose is to limit the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. We recently reported a novel mechanism of cell adaptation to ER stress, which proceeds through the inhibition of the apoptotic function of the tumour suppressor p53 [Genes & Development 2004;18:261-277]. We found that ER stress increases the cytoplasmic localization and enhances the destabilization of the tumour suppressor. This process requires the phosphorylation of p53 at serine 315 and serine 376, which is mediated by the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3?). ER stress also prevents p53 activation and p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage. These findings demonstrate that ER stress utilizes mechanisms that are distinct from other types of stress to modulate p53. In addition, they reveal that ER stress and nuclear DNA damage can induce inter-organellar cross-talk pathways targeting p53 with important implications for the treatment of tumours with dysfunctional ER.     

肿瘤抑制因子p53功能及其抗病毒作用研究进展

肿瘤抑制因子p53 作为基因组的守护者,能通过细胞周期调控和促进细胞凋亡而阻止癌细胞及机体肿瘤的发生,p53还能参与DNA损伤修复、调节机体代谢及调节繁殖生育等功能。除此以外,近年来研究发现,p53能通过促进病毒感染的细胞凋亡而起到抗病毒作用以及p53受IFN的调控和p53作为转录调控因子还能直接转录激活IRF9、IRF5、ISG15和TLR3等抗病毒基因,从而确定了p53在抗病毒反应中起到重要作用。这表明p53可能参与先天性免疫、获得性免疫及炎症反应而起到抗病毒的作用。     

Microbial Regulation of p53 Tumor Suppressor

p53 tumor suppressor has been identified as a protein interacting with the large T antigen produced by simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40). Subsequent research on p53 inhibition by SV40 and other tumor viruses has not only helped to gain a better understanding of viral biology, but also shaped our knowledge of human tumorigenesis. Recent studies have found, however, that inhibition of p53 is not strictly in the realm of viruses. Some bacterial pathogens also actively inhibit p53 protein and induce its degradation, resulting in alteration of cellular stress responses. This phenomenon was initially characterized in gastric epithelial cells infected with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial pathogen that commonly infects the human stomach and is strongly linked to gastric cancer. Besides H. pylori, a number of other bacterial species were recently discovered to inhibit p53. These findings provide novel insights into host–bacteria interactions and tumorigenesis associated with bacterial infections.     

Genistein Up-Regulates Tumor Suppressor MicroRNA-574-3p in Prostate Cancer

Genistein has been shown to inhibit cancers both in vitro and in vivo, by altering the expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we focused on tumor suppressor miRNAs regulated by genistein and investigated their function in prostate cancer (PCa) and target pathways. Using miRNA microarray analysis and real-time RT-PCR we observed that miR-574-3p was significantly up-regulated in PCa cells treated with genistein compared with vehicle control. The expression of miR-574-3p was significantly lower in PCa cell lines and clinical PCa tissues compared with normal prostate cells (RWPE-1) and adjacent normal tissues. Low expression level of miR-574-3p was correlated with advanced tumor stage and higher Gleason score in PCa specimens. Re-expression of miR-574-3p in PCa cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. miR-574-3p restoration induced apoptosis through reducing Bcl-xL and activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. Using GeneCodis software analysis, several pathways affected by miR-574-3p were identified, such as ‘Pathways in cancer’, ‘Jak-STAT signaling pathway’, and ‘Wnt signaling pathway’. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-574-3p directly binds to the 3′ UTR of several target genes (such as RAC1, EGFR and EP300) that are components of ‘Pathways in cancer’. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western analysis showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of the three target genes in PCa cells were markedly down-regulated with miR-574-3p. Loss-of-function studies demonstrated that the three target genes significantly affect cell proliferation, migration and invasion in PCa cell lines. Our results show that genistein up-regulates tumor suppressor miR-574-3p expression targeting several cell signaling pathways. These findings enhance understanding of how genistein regulates with miRNA in PCa.     

抑癌因子ARF的非p53调节通路

ARF蛋白是INK4a基因位点编码产物之一,是一种重要的肿瘤抑制因子。ARF可结合原癌蛋白Mdm2,稳定p53,将细胞周期阻断在G1期和G2/M转换期,或诱导细胞凋亡。有关ARF的p53依赖性作用已有较多报道。该文主要以ARF对E2F1、DP1、E2F1/DP1、NPM/B23和c-Myc等的调控为例,对ARF的非p53调节通路做一综述。     

肿瘤抑制因子CYLD对细胞功能的调控作用

肿瘤抑制因子（cylindromatosis,CYLD）是一种在体内广泛分布的去泛素酶,其包含去泛素化酶结构域和富含甘氨酸细胞骨架相关蛋白结构域,前者可通过去泛素化信号分子,调控细胞信号传导途径,后者主要通过对微管的调节,改变多聚化和乙酰化过程,进而调控其组装和排列。CYLD主要通过对信号传导和细胞骨架的调节,从而调控细胞增殖、细胞凋亡、细胞运动和细胞分化等细胞功能。该文对近年来肿瘤抑制因子CYLD对细胞功能调控的研究进行概述。