3. A LIST OF THE BIRDS OBSERVED IN BEIRA AND NEIGHBOURHOOD,WITH SOME NOTES ON HABITS,ETC

Turdus smithi, formerly a subspecies of T. olivaceus, has been elevated to species status, resulting in a void in our knowledge on this species. Although both T. smithi and T. olivaceus are common garden birds throughout their ranges, most studies to date have focused on T. olivaceus. These studies found that T. o. olivaceus reach ages in excess of 11 years and maintain territories of 10 000–13 000 m². The present study investigated site fidelity and longevity of an urban T. smithi population at the University of Pretoria main campus in Gauteng. Thrushes were ringed with unique colour ring combinations and identified by resighting them later. We found that T. smithi individuals have high site fidelity, with some thrushes being present in their same home ranges nearly nine years after being ringed, and suspect that they occupied these territories continuously between ringing and resighting. We found that T. smithi maintain larger home ranges than T. olivaceus individuals, and have a similar maximum longevity. We propose that adult thrushes are able to persist in a given home range because they are able to avoid resident predators, e.g. feral cats Felis sylvestris catus, by accurately predicting their hunting strategies.     

几种不同介质保藏蛙粪霉菌等真菌效果的比较研究

本文采用0.005％碳酸钙盐水、0.85％生理盐水、1％葡萄糖液以及沙氏液体培养基四种不同的保存介质,保藏蛙粪霉菌、黑曲霉菌、产黄青霉菌、红色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌（异名羊毛状小孢子菌）、石膏样小孢子菌和许兰氏毛癣菌。每种菌的同一保存介质分别置4℃冰箱、室温及22℃温箱贮藏。结果表明,蛙粪霉菌只适于22℃温箱贮藏,经统计学处理,22℃与室温和4℃贮藏对存活时间的影响有高度显著性差异（P＜0.01）。除许兰氏毛癣菌外。其它各真菌在0．005％的碳酸钙盐水中的存活时间最长,达3～4年之久,其次为生理盐水。0．00