响应面法优化黑曲霉HDF05产β-葡萄糖苷酶过程参数

为获得黑曲霉Aspergillus niger HDF05菌株较高的β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活,对其发酵条件进行了优化。采用Plackett-Burman实验设计考察关键发酵操作参数对产酶的影响。继而采用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,并结合中心组合实验和响应面对4个显著性因素进行分析。Plackett-Burman实验结果表明,发酵温度、装液量、麦麸和 (NH4)2SO4浓度对β-葡萄糖苷酶合成影响显著。通过响应面分析得到一元二阶方程,对方程求解得到优化的发酵过程参数：发酵温度为28 ℃,装液量为71.4 mL/250 mL,麸皮浓度为36 g/L,(NH4)2SO4浓度为5.5 g/L。采用该优化的过程参数,菌株的最大产β-葡萄糖苷酶活力可达60.06 U/mL,较优化前提高了23.9％。将黑曲霉HDF05产生的β-葡萄糖苷酶用于酸解玉米芯纤维残渣的酶解实验中,可明显降低纤维二糖的积累,48 h内可使玉米芯纤维素残渣酶解得率达到80.4％。     

重组Bacillus subtilis产B.stearothermophilus环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的发酵优化

利用本研究室已构建的重组菌Bacillus subtilis/pBSMuL3-α/β-CGTase对产B.stearothermophilus环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的发酵产酶进行了优化,考察了培养基中重要成分:碳源、有机氮源、无机氮源、有机与无机氮源质量比、碳源与氮质量比、金属离子种类等单因素对该重组菌产α/β-CGTase的影响,并采用正交实验对发酵培养基进行优化,对优化结果分析可知,重组菌B.subtilis/pBSMuL3-α/β-CGTase发酵产α/β-CGTase的最优培养基成本为:葡萄糖5 g/L,氮源(鱼骨蛋白胨∶NH4Cl=3∶1)25 g/L,1 mmol/L Mg^2+。在最优条件下发酵培养,α/β-CGTase的酶活由原来TB发酵培养基的9.20 U/mL提高至20.32 U/mL,是优化前酶活的2.2倍,为α/β-环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的工业应用提供了理论支持。     

黑胸散白蚁肠道具内切葡聚糖酶活性共生菌的筛选、鉴定及产酶条件的优化

目的 从黑胸散白蚁肠道内筛选获得具有降解纤维素性能的菌株,并对菌株最佳产酶条件进行优化.方法 采用筛选性培养基进行筛选,通过培养性状、显微观察及16S rDNA部分片段同源性分析进行菌种鉴定,利用正交试验优化该菌株的最佳产酶培养基配方以及单因子试验优化产酶培养条件.结果 通过鉴定,获得的菌株属柠檬酸杆菌属(Citrobacter sp.B03),最适产酶的碳氮源为CMC-Na和蛋白胨.该菌株最佳产酶培养基的配方为CMC-Na5.0 g/L、蛋白胨5.0 g/L、NH4Cl 0.6 g/L、KH2P04 0.9 g/L、MgSO4 0.9 g/L;最佳产酶培养条件为起始pH 5.0,温度35℃,装液量20～ 30 mL/150 mL.结论 经过优化,可将该菌株产生的纤维素酶酶活力从0.184 U/mL提高到0.311 U/mL,该研究结果对纤维素酶的工业开发具有一定的指导意义.     

烟梗为原料固态发酵生产果胶酶

以烟梗为主要原料,采用单因素和正交实验对筛选到的丝状菌JXY-17固态发酵产果胶酶的培养基进行了优化,正交实验结果表明,影响该菌株产果胶酶的因素依次为含水量(料水比)(A)＞(NH4)2SO4(B)＞KH2PO4(D)＞吐温-80(C),产酶培养基组成为A3B2C2D1,即固液比1∶1.5,(NH4)2SO4 5.0％,吐温-80 0.10％,KH2 PO40.20％.采用该固态发酵培养基,自然pH,接种量25 mL,装料量为50 g(干基)/1000 mL三角瓶,30℃恒温培养6d,产酶最高达8171.35U/g干曲,为初始酶活的3.8倍.提取酶液后的残余烟梗还可用于提取烟梗纤维类物质.残余烟梗的化学成分检测结果表明,与原始烟梗(或对照)相比,其果胶质降低了45％左右,残余烟梗固形物回收率约50％.     

曲霉液体发酵产原果胶酶的条件优化研究*

研究了碳源、氮源、金属离子及表面活性剂等对菌株(Aspergillus sp.)XZ-131产原果胶酶的影响.果胶类物质是该菌株产原果胶酶所必需的诱导物.以(NH4)2SO4和(NH4)2HPO4作为氮源时,产酶较高,达到300 U/mL.钙离子及Tween-20均能促进该酶的产生.通过正交试验优化得出该菌株产酶的最佳培养基配方为桔皮粉 1g,(NH4)2SO4 2g,CaCl2 0.015g,Tween-20 0.2mL,KH2PO4 3.8g,K2HPO4*3H2O 0.2g,水 100mL,pH 6.5.     

响应面法优化链霉菌S10A09发酵产纤维素酶条件

在筛选纤维素酶活菌株时,发现一株放线菌链霉菌属S10A09具有较高的纤维素酶活力。为了获得高酶活纤维素酶,将Plackett-Burman(PB)筛选和中心组合设计(CCD)以及响应面分析法相结合,考察影响链霉菌属S10A09发酵生产滤纸酶的发酵条件。Plackett-Burman结果表明,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)和(NH_4)_2SO_4是影响S10A09发酵产纤维素酶活高低的主要因素。CCD实验优化后产酶最优发酵培养基(g/L)为CMC-Na 2.57、(NH_4)_2SO_411.31、KH_2PO_4 0.2、MgSO_41、FeSO_40.01。优化后,滤纸酶活(FPA)达到125.96 U/mL,接近优化前的3倍。     

哈茨木霉产纤维素酶菌株筛选及培养基优化

[目的]以微晶纤维素为底物,从宝天曼自然保护区采集的腐木和土壤中筛选产纤维素酶活高的真菌,并优化其培养基配方。[方法]通过微晶纤维素平板上产生的透明圈大小进行初筛,和滤纸酶活复筛,并通过响应面法优化其发酵培养基。[结果]筛选到一株酶活较高的菌株,经18S r DNA序列分析鉴定为哈茨木霉,命名为哈茨木霉D-8,通过响应面分析法优化后的培养基配方为木糖渣2. 86%,麸皮2%,微晶纤维素0. 48%,(NH4)2SO40. 32%,KH2PO41%,MgSO40. 04%。[结论]滤纸酶活从优化前的4. 32 IU/m L提高到5. 53 IU/m L,使其纤维素酶活提高了28%,其培养基的优化为哈茨木霉D-8的发酵生产奠定了应用基础。     

环氧树脂固定化L-谷氨酸氧化酶

通过环氧树脂作为载体对经(NH4)2SO4盐析处理后的L-谷氨酸氧化酶(LGOX)进行固定化,优化固定化工艺条件,并利用固定化LGOX转化产α-酮戊二酸(α-KG)。结果表明:饱和度45%的(NH4)2SO4为最佳盐析浓度;当选用环氧树脂ES-105作为固定化载体、树脂加量为20 m L酶液(14 U/m L)加入3.5 g载体、固定化K3PO4缓冲液浓度为0.2 mol/L(p H 7.0)、固定化温度25℃、固定化时间24 h时,固定化LGOX酶活力最高,其酶活回收率为85.9%,比酶活55.7 U/g。利用该固定化酶转化L-谷氨酸产α-KG,当谷氨酸钠质量浓度为100 g/L,反应20 h,产物收率达98.2%。固定化酶重复使用14批次后,产物收率仍有90%以上;重复使用20批,收率有83.2%。因此,该固定化酶具有具良好的操作稳定性。     

核茎点霉发酵产纤维素酶的培养基优化

利用响应面分析法对核茎点霉(Phoma putaminum)LYYZ90-19的发酵产酶培养基进行优化。在单因素试验基础之上,通过Box-Behnken试验设计原理,以酶活力值为响应值进行响应面分析,借助Minitab软件对回归模型进行分析,得到优化后的培养基条件:麸皮4.27 g/L,蛋白胨0.79 g/L,K2HPO40.59 g/L。在优化条件下发酵液比酶活13.47 U/mL,而优化前该菌比酶活为7.73 U/mL,比酶活提高了约74.1%。     

重组大肠杆菌产NAD激酶发酵条件的优化研究

本研究将重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/p ET30α(+)-NADK作为NAD激酶生产菌种,对其产酶发酵培养基及发酵条件进行优化。采用Placket-Burman(PB)设计先筛选出影响重组菌产NAD激酶的三个主要因素:葡萄糖浓度、Mg SO4浓度和诱导表达时间,试验结果表明,增加葡萄糖和Mg SO4的浓度及缩短诱导表达时间对产酶有利。根据中心组合实验设计(Central Composite Design,CCD)原理,利用PB设计确定的这三个显著影响因素,通过最陡爬坡实验逼近最大响应区域,挑选出实验范围内的最优点,以此作为响应面中心组合设计的中心点,用NAD激酶酶活作为响应值,使用Design Expert 8.0软件设计中心组合实验,通过对实验数据进行分析,得出最佳发酵培养基成分及发酵条件为:葡萄糖14.24 g/L、酵母粉8 g/L、胰蛋白胨8 g/L、Mg SO40.94 g/L、Na Cl 5g/L、NH4Cl 2 g/L、KH2PO42 g/L、K2HPO49 g/L,诱导表达时间8.34 h,接种量2%。在此最佳条件下,NAD激酶酶活实验验证值可达10.17 U/mg,与优化前相比提高了2.77倍。对诱导表达结束后的细胞上清液进行SDS-PAGE分析也证明优化取得了显著的效果。     

Effect of nutritional factors on cellulase enzyme and microbial protein production by Aspergillus terreus and its evaluation

The biomass yield, cellulolytic activity, and protein recovery using Aspergillus terreus GN1 with alkali-treated sugarcane bagasse was studied using different levels (250-600 mg of N/L of broth) of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. e.g., cattle urine, urea, cornsteep liquor, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium iron sulfate, ammonium chloride, and sodium nitrate. Among different levels of alkali-treated bagasse substrate concentrations (0.5-4.0% w/v) tested, 1.0% substrate yielded the highest crude protein content, protein recovery, and cellulolytic activity. The biomass recovery with 1.0% substrate ranged from 290-380 mg/500 mg bagasse substrate in a 50-mL broth with a nitrogen level of 250-600 mg of N/L in all the sources except ammonium iron sulfate, which yielded 402-439 mg/500 mg bagasse substrate. However, crude protein content of biomass obtained with an ammonium iron sulfate nitrogen source was the lowest. Cornsteep liquor nitrogen source at the rate of 600 mg of N/L yielded the maximum crude protein of 32.9%, protein recovery of 22.2 g/100 g of bagasse, and carboxymethyl cellulase and filter paper enzyme activities of 1.1 and 0.09 units/mL, among the organic and inorganic nitrogen sources studied. In general, the organic nitrogen sources and inorganic nonammonium nitrogen sources were utilized preferentially for protein production over the inorganic ammonium nitrogen sources. The fermentation time required under optimum cultural and nutritional conditions for A. terreus GN1 was also evaluated. The crude protein content of the biomass increased gradually up to the seventh day of fermentation, but the protein recovery rate was high up to two or three days. It was observed that the cellulose utilization rate increased after an initial lag of one day up to the third day and gradually increased further, which corresponded positively with protein content, biomass protein recovery, and cellulase enzyme activity. On the seventh day of fermentation, the crude protein content, biomass protein recovery, water-soluble carbohydrate, bagasse cellulose utilization, CMCase, and FPase activities were 32.8%, 20.1 g/100 g of bagasse, 6.2%, 82.7%, 1.0. and 0.08 U/mL, respectively. The final biomass recovered contained 32.8% crude protein content and had an in vitro rumen digestibility (IVRD) coefficient of 68.8%. The biomass contained almost all the essential and nonessential amino acids and was comparable with FAO reference protein. It is concluded that a fermentation time of 72 h gave a faster rate of protein production of 16.9 g/100 g of bagasse with 69.8% bagasse cellulose utilization with 76.0% IVRD. and contained almost all the essential and nonessential amino acids.     

响应面法优化褐藻胶降解菌Cobetia sp.20发酵培养基

为了提高褐藻胶降解菌株Cobetia sp.20产褐藻胶裂解酶的能力,利用响应面法优化其发酵产褐藻胶裂解酶的培养基。首先利用单因素法分别对发酵培养基中的不同碳源、碳源添加量、不同氮源、氮源添加量以及氯化钠添加量、磷酸二氢钾添加量、硫酸镁添加量和pH进行探究,研究各因素对产酶的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,通过Plackett-Burman试验确定Cobetia sp.20发酵培养基中影响产酶的主要因素。通过响应面试验建立回归方程。研究结果表明,Cobetia sp.20最优发酵培养基配方为褐藻胶15.00 g/L、硫酸铵7.50 g/L、氯化钠15.00 g/L、硫酸镁0.50 g/L、磷酸二氢钾5.30 g/L、硫酸亚铁0.01 g/L、pH值7.58。优化后酶活为142.79 U/mL,比优化前提高了26.36%。褐藻胶裂解酶活的提高,为褐藻胶裂解酶的工业化生产提供了参考。     

白蚁肠道内纤维素酶产生菌的筛选及其酶活性

从黑翅土白蚁(Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki)肠道内筛选具有纤维素降解能力的细菌,并研究其酶活性。结果表明:筛选得到5株菌株,活力较高的菌株CMC-4被鉴定为土白蚁特拉布尔希氏菌Z-4(Trabulsiella odontotermitis ZJSRU-4)。同时对菌株T.odontotermitis ZJSRU-4进行了系统的研究,它具有完整的纤维素酶系统,主要产羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)和β-葡萄糖苷酶,滤纸酶的活力较低。在以羧甲基纤维素钠为碳源的培养基中培养36 h,发酵液中CMCase的比酶活达到20.8 U/m L,培养44 h,β-糖苷酶的比酶活达到18.2 U/m L。CMCase和β-葡萄糖苷酶作用的p H分别为6.0和6.5,它们作用的最适温度都为40℃。该菌对纤维质原料具有降解能力,具有潜在的应用价值。     

Medium optimization for chitinase production from Trichoderma virens using central composite design

Medium development for chitinase production by Trichoderma virens was first carried out using conventional method of one-factor-at-a-time. The medium was further optimized using Central Composite Design in which response surface was generated later from the derived model. An experimental design of four variables including various initial pH values, chitin, ammonium sulphate, and methanol concentrations were created using Design Expert® Software, Version 6.0. The design consists of 30 experiments, which include 6 replicates at center points. The optimal value for each variable are 3.0 g/L, chitin; 0.1 g/L, ammonium sulphate; 0.4% (v/v), methanol; and initial pH, 4.0 with predicted chitinase activity of 0.1495 U/mL. These predicted parameters were tested in the laboratory and the final chitinase activity obtained was 0.1471 U/mL, which is almost reaching the predicted value. The optimal medium design showed an improvement of chitinase activity of 80.9% compared to activity obtained from the original Absidia medium composition.     

棉秸秆降解高温菌株的筛选及产酶分析

从新疆地区分离具有降解棉秸秆纤维素功能的菌株,得到4株耐高温真菌(50°C)。纤维素酶学性质分析表明,该4株菌的纤维素酶具有良好的耐酸性(最适pH为4.5)和耐高温性(最高达60°C)。以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)、微结晶纤维素、棉花、滤纸、淀粉、果胶为底物测定酶活力,滤纸酶活力(FPA)最高达2.63 U/mL、淀粉酶活力最高达6.17 U/mL、果胶酶活力最高达5.86 U/mL。4株真菌酶学特性分析表明,该系列菌株在秸秆生物质利用方面有很大的应用潜力。     

产木聚糖酶厌氧真菌菌株筛选及产酶培养条件研究*

从12株分离自反刍动物瘤胃及粪样的厌氧真菌中筛选到一株木聚糖酶高产菌,编号为A4,初步鉴定为Neocallimastix属菌。以稻草秸、玉米秸、花生秸、滤纸片段为发酵底物,经39℃厌氧培养,A4菌产生的木聚糖酶活分别为14.31U/mL、11.39U/mL、6.99U/mL和13.38U/mL。对A4菌产生木聚糖酶的条件进行优化,结果发现,培养基中无细胞瘤胃液浓度对A4菌产生的木聚糖酶活无显著影响;但酵母膏浓度从1.0g/L降至0.5g/L后,A4菌产生的木聚糖酶活显著下降(P<0.05)。     

两株高产纤维素酶细菌的筛选、鉴定及酶学特性

从腐烂枯叶及附近土壤筛选分离得到2株产纤维素酶的菌株。经细菌形态观察、生理生化实验并结合16S rRNA序列分析,将其初步鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌CT1(Bacillus licheniformis CT1)和枯草芽孢杆菌CM2(Bacillus subtilis CM2)。经摇瓶发酵,测定其CMCase、FPA酶活力,结果表明CT1和CM2在液体摇瓶培养4 d后的CMC酶活最大,分别可达163.3 U/mL和167.17 U/mL;CT1摇瓶培养2 d后,FPA酶活达到了211.17 U/mL,CM2摇瓶培养3 d后,FPA酶活为207.83 U/mL。进行不同碳源对菌株产酶能力影响的试验,并通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、银染后初步分析纤维素酶谱条带,发现菌株对不同来源纤维素的降解能力及产纤维素酶的种类均有所不同。     

Optimization and purification of glucansucrase produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides DRP2-19 isolated from Chinese Sauerkraut

Abstract

Strain DRP2-19 was detected to produce high yield of glucansucrase in MRS broth, which was identified to be Leuconostoc mesenteroides. In order for industrial glucansucrase production of L. mesenteroides DRP2-19, a one-factor test was conducted, then response surface method was applied to optimize its yield and discover the best production condition. Based on Plackett–Burman (PB) experiment, sucrose, Ca²⁺, and initial pH were found to be the most significant factors for glucansucrase production. Afterwards, effects of the three main factors on glucansucrase activity were further investigated by central composite design and the optimum composition was sucrose 35.87?g/L, Ca²⁺ 0.21?mmol/L, and initial pH 5.56. Optimum results showed that glucansucrase activity was increased to 3.94?±?0.43?U/mL in 24?hr fermentation, 2.66-fold higher than before. In addition, the crude enzyme was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular weight of glucansucrase was determined as approximately 170?kDa by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme was purified 15.77-fold and showed a final specific activity of 338.56?U/mg protein.     

Comparison of Penicillium echinulatum and Trichoderma reesei cellulases in relation to their activity against various cellulosic substrates

Penicillium echinulatum has been identified as a potential cellulase producer for bioconversion processes but its cellulase system has never been investigated in detail. In this work, the volumetric activities of P. echinulatum cellulases were determined against filter paper (0.27 U/mL), carboxymethylcellulose (1.53 U/mL), hydroxyethylcellulose (4.68 U/mL), birchwood xylan (3.16 U/mL), oat spelt xylan (3.29 U/mL), Sigmacell type 50 (0.10 U/mL), cellobiose (0.19 U/mL), and p-nitrophenyl-glucopiranoside (0.31 U/mL). These values were then expressed in relation to the amount of protein and compared those of Trichoderma reesei cellulases (Celluclast 1.5L FG, Novozymes). Both enzyme complexes were shown to have similar total cellulase and xylanase activities. Analysis of substrate hydrolysates demonstrated that P. echinulatum enzymes have higher beta-glucosidase activity than Celluclast 1.5L FG, while the latter appears to have greater cellobiohydrolase activity. Unlike Celluclast 1.5L FG, P. echinulatum cellulases had enough beta-glucosidase activity to remove most of the cellobiose produced in hydrolysis experiments. However, Celluclast 1.5L FG became more powerful than P. echinulatum cellulases when supplemented with exogenous beta-glucosidase activity (Novozym 188). Both cellulase complexes displayed the same influence over the degree of polymerization of cellulose, revealing that hydrolyzes were carried out under the typical endo-exo synergism of fungal enzymes.     

江蓠内生真菌NSS1蛋白活性的初步研究

为促进江蓠内生真菌NSS1抗菌蛋白的应用研究,利用硫酸铵沉淀法制备抗菌蛋白,最佳硫酸铵饱和度为65%。采用滤纸片法检测其对细菌指示菌的抑菌活性,抗菌粗蛋白均能抑制五种细菌指示菌的生长,当浓度达到750 μg/mL时,抑制效果最好。采用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定蛋白对超氧阴离子自由基(O-2)的清除作用,MTT法检测蛋白对肿瘤细胞的影响。抗菌蛋白在100℃以下,pH中性时抑菌活性稳定,对紫外线照射不敏感,丙三醇、甲醇和胰蛋白酶对抗菌蛋白的抑菌活性没有影响。不同浓度的蛋白液对超氧阴离子均有清除效果。当蛋白浓度达到360 μg/mL时对肿瘤细胞的抑瘤作用最强。上述结果显示抗菌蛋白具有较强的抑菌活性、抗氧化活性和抗肿瘤活性。