L-赖氨酸高产菌的选育及发酵培养基的优化

目的:获得L-赖氨酸高产菌及得到最优的发酵培养基.方法:以黄色短杆菌(Brebvibacterium flavum)XQ-8为出发菌株,经硫酸二乙酯(DES)、亚硝基胍(NTG)逐级诱变处理,在发酵培养基中添加乙酸和乙醇,在发酵过程中添加吐温-80和二甲基亚砜.结果:获得一株L-赖氨酸高产菌XQ-89(SGгVal-),摇瓶发酵72h赖氨酸产量达到77g/L,对乙酸、吐温-80和玉米浆三因素利用响应面分析法(Response Surface Methodology)对其添加量进行优化.当乙酸、吐温-80及玉米浆的添加量分别为0.32%、0.66%、1.5%时赖氨酸达到94g/L,比优化前提高22.1%.结论:筛选的(SGгVal-)标记是有利于L-赖氨酸的积累,添加乙酸和吐温-80对提高L-赖氨酸的产量是有效的.     

星形孢菌素产生菌H41-38的发酵工艺条件

本研究对菌株H41-38发酵生产星形孢菌素的工艺进行了研究.结果表明:30℃、96h为菌株摇瓶培养最适条件.玉米淀粉和酵母粉为最适碳、氮源.采用Fractional factorial design方法确定培养基成分的重要因子:酵母粉和粗盐,然后利用爬坡路径试验和响应面分析法优化了发酵效价取得最大值时酵母粉和粗盐含量,发酵效价最大理论值为252.31μg/mL,摇瓶实测值为251.28μg/mL,其发酵水平比优化前提高了4.33倍.在30L发酵罐(300r/min、30℃、V空气=10L/min～15L/min)中扩大培养84h后发酵效价达到286.44μg/mL,比摇瓶培养效价提高了45.16μg/mL,其发酵参数变化曲线可指导生产罐的应用生产.     

谷氨酸棒状杆菌发酵生产L-瓜氨酸及发酵条件优化

以代谢控制发酵理论为指导,重点对C.glutamicum 366菌株进行摇瓶发酵条件的优化。应用响应面法优化发酵培养基的配比,优化后的发酵培养基:葡萄糖63.33 g/L、精氨酸196.96 mg/L、(NH4)2SO445.79 g/L、生物素35.72μg/L、K2HPO4·3H2O 1.0 g/L、KH2PO41.0 g/L、Mg SO4·7H2O、0.25 g/L、Mn SO4·H2O 0.02 g/L、Fe SO4·7H2O 0.02g/L、Zn Cl21 mg/L、Cu SO40.2 mg/L、VB1200μg/L、Ca CO330 g/L。摇瓶发酵培养条件:温度30℃、摇床转速200r/min、初始p H 7.0。在此发酵条件下,菌株进行摇瓶发酵72 h,产L-瓜氨酸14.96 g/L,相比优化之前提高了75.8%。     

氮源对谷氨酰胺转胺酶合成的影响

研究不同氮源及培养条件对轮枝链霉菌 (Streptoverticillium)SK - 1合成谷氨酰胺转胺酶 (TGase)的影响 ,结果当以 5 0g/L玉米浆为主要氮源时发酵酶活水平可达 3 0 1μmol/ (min·ml) ;对摇瓶发酵条件进行优化后 ,以 5 0g/L玉米浆为主要氮源 ,起始pH值为 7 0～ 7 5 ,培养温度为 30℃ ,接种量范围为 5 % - 10 % ,培养时间为 38h时 ,酶活最高可达 4 5 2 μmol/ (min·ml) ,酶活提高了5 0 17%。玉米浆作为氮源时发酵酶活比较高 ,发酵时间也较短 ,酶的生产成本较低     

高产类胡萝卜素酵母菌株LRY-01发酵条件的优化研究

通过单因子实验研究了不同碳源、氮源、生长因子及通气量对菌株LRY-01生产类胡萝卜素的影响。实验表明,碳源、氮源、生长因子对类胡萝卜素产量的影响较大。进一步对上述因子进行了L9(34)正交实验,得到了最佳培养基配方及发酵条件:葡萄糖40g/L,(NH4)2SO41.0g/L,核黄素0.5mL/L,酵母膏0.5g/L,初始pH 4.5,摇瓶装液量为10%。菌株LRY-01在此条件下摇瓶培养72h的生物量和类胡萝卜素的产量分别可达16.19g/L和1000.06μg/g。     

海洋中海藻糖产生菌的筛选及发酵条件优化

从180余份海水、海泥样品中筛选得到60株产海藻糖较高的菌株,编号为2-14的菌株海藻糖产量最高,为127.9mg/g cell。对2-14菌株进行形态特征、培养特征及生理生化试验,鉴定该菌株为红酵母属(Rhodotorula sp.)。研究摇瓶发酵条件对红酵母海藻糖产量的影响,结果为:初始pH5.5,发酵温度28℃,装液量75mL(250mL三角瓶中)。采用优化后发酵条件红酵母海藻糖产量为193.3mg/g cell,优化前对照值为132.1mg/g cell,优化后的结果是优化前的1.46倍。在5L发酵罐中培养得到最佳发酵时间为54h,发酵罐培养发酵液中海藻糖含量最高达2.5g/L,为摇瓶培养的1.6倍。     

聚苹果酸的发酵培养条件优化

对出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)BS02发酵制备生物降解材料聚苹果酸的摇瓶发酵条件进行研究,确定了出芽短梗霉发酵制备聚苹果酸的摇瓶培养条件。由实验结果可知:优化的培养基(g/L)为葡萄糖120.0、丁二酸铵3.0、丁二酸2.0、MnSO4.H2O 0.005、MgSO4.7H2O 0.1,另外每升发酵液加玉米浆0.5 mL,CaCO350 g/L,培养条件为pH4.0～4.5、24℃、500 mL摇瓶装发酵液100 mL、摇床转速220 r/min,在最优条件下,聚苹果酸产量可达到30 g/L。     

长孢被孢霉利用淀粉质原料发酵产微生物油脂

通过研究长孢被孢霉(Mortierella elongate)的发酵过程,并采用摇瓶分批补料发酵模式考察了起始补料时间及补料基质对长孢被孢霉合成微生物油脂的影响。结果发现该菌株合成油脂主要在发酵48~96 h进行,且N源对菌株的生长有促进作用,采用限氮补料发酵可大幅度提高微生物油脂的产量。最适培养条件:可溶性淀粉20 g/L,玉米浆3 g/L,补料起始时间为发酵48 h,单次补加可溶性淀粉4 g。在此条件下,油脂产量较不补料时增加了521.74 mg,增长率为237.1%。     

碳源和氮源对5-酮基-葡萄糖酸生成的影响

氧化葡萄糖杆菌Gluconobacter oxydans可以将葡萄糖氧化成葡萄糖酸,并进一步氧化成2-酮基-葡萄糖酸(2KGA)和5-酮基-葡萄糖酸(5KGA),其中5KGA在催化剂的作用下能够转化为L(+)-酒石酸。为了提高5-酮基-葡萄糖酸产量,以仅生成5KGA的氧化葡萄糖杆菌Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1为出发菌株,研究不同碳源(蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、淀粉、葡萄糖)和有机氮源(酵母浸粉、鱼粉、玉米浆、黄豆饼粉、棉籽饼粉)对5KGA产量的影响。500 mL摇瓶试验结果表明,当葡萄糖浓度为100 g/L时,5KGA产量最高为98.20 g/L;当有机氮源为酵母浸粉、鱼粉和玉米浆,其添加量的蛋白含量为1.60%时,5KGA产量分别为100.20 g/L、109.10 g/L和99.83 g/L,其中,使用鱼粉的5KGA产量最高,使用玉米浆的5KGA产量比酵母浸粉略低。出于经济考虑,文中选择玉米浆作有机氮源,并在5 L发酵罐中进行分批发酵放大试验,5KGA的产量为93.80 g/L,最大生成速率为3.48 g/(L·h),平均生成速率为1.56 g/(L·h)。结果表明,葡萄糖和玉米浆分别为Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1规模化生产5KGA的最适碳源和氮源,可利用葡萄糖几乎全部(85.93%)转化为5KGA。     

一株苝产醌类光敏剂丝状真菌AL18的液体发酵工艺研究

为研究一株丝状真菌AL18产苝醌类光敏剂的液体发酵工艺.以马铃薯综合培养基为发酵培养基,采用单次单因素实验法,研究了液体摇瓶培养条件对苝醌类光敏剂产量的影响.实验结果表明液体摇瓶最适培养条件为250ml三角瓶装液量40ml,接种量7.5%,接种种龄40h,初始pH5.75,摇床转数180r/min,30℃振荡培养48h.在此培养条件下,采用单因素法筛选了发酵培养基中的碳源、氮源和无机离子,选用L9(34)对筛选到的绵白糖(A)、蛋白胨(B)、蚕蛹粉(C)、CuSO4·5H2O(D)进行了正交试验.经优化后的发酵培养基配方为马铃薯200g/L,绵白糖30g/L,蛋白胨3g/L,蚕蛹粉12.5g/L,磷酸二氢钾1g/L,硫酸镁0.5g/L,硫酸铜0.05g/L,VB1 100mg/L.对此发酵培养基配方进行了5次验证实验,苝醌类光敏剂的平均产量为1.21g/L.     

Statistical optimization of a culture medium for biomass and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain using agroindustrial byproducts.

A statistically based Plackett-Burman screening design identified milk whey and corn steep liquor concentrations as well as ionic strength (based on phosphate buffer concentration) as the three main independent components of the culture medium that significantly (p < 0.05) influenced biomass and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production in recombinant cells of Escherichia coli. This strain carries a plasmid encoding phb genes from a natural isolate of Azotobacter sp. Response surface methodology, using a central composite rotatable design, demonstrated that the optimal concentrations of the three components, defined as those yielding maximal biomass and PHB production in shaken flasks, were 37.96 g deproteinated milk whey powder/l, 29.39 g corn steep liquor/l, and 23.76 g phosphates/l (r2 = 0.957). The model was validated by culturing the recombinant cells in medium containing these optimal concentrations, which yielded 9.41 g biomass/l and 6.12 g PHB/l in the culture broth. Similar amounts of PHB were obtained following batch fermentations in a bioreactor. These results show that PHB can be produced efficiently by culturing the recombinant strain in medium containing cheap carbon and nitrogen sources.     

L-缬氨酸高产菌株的选育研究

以产L-缬氨酸的谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)为原始菌株,利用注入低能氮离子束进行一系列诱变,获得一株稳定的高产L-缬氨酸突变菌株。摇瓶培养96h后发酵能力可达38.0g·L-1,较出发菌株提高18.01%。通过对摇瓶中葡萄糖、玉米浆浓度及培养条件进行优化,发酵能力达到40.6g·L-1,50L发酵罐的发酵能力可达70g·L-1左右。     

戊糖乳杆菌发酵培养基氮源条件的优化

对戊糖乳杆菌发酵培养基的氮源条件进行了优化。通过单因素实验及响应面分析优化利用木糖高产乳酸的戊糖乳杆菌发酵培养基的不同氮源组合。优化得到的牛肉膏与柠檬酸氢二铵复合的最佳组成为牛肉膏17.72 g/L,柠檬酸氢二铵1.91 g/L,得到乳酸实际最大产量42.37 g/L。添加玉米浆与酵母粉和无机氮源复合的最佳组成为玉米浆46.54 g/L,酵母粉21.95 g/L,柠檬酸氢二铵9.95 g/L,可得到乳酸最大产量41.06 g/L。通过响应面优化减少了有机氮源的种类。牛肉膏与柠檬酸氢二铵的复合得到了更高的乳酸产量,且减少了有机氮源用量,节约了成本。玉米浆与酵母粉的复合解决了单一玉米浆造成的木糖利用速率过低的问题,同样得到较高浓度的乳酸。     

Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid production in a chromosomally non-scar triple-deleted mutant Pseudomonas aeruginosa using statistical experimental designs to optimize yield

We constructed a non-scar triple-deleted mutant Pseudomonas aeruginosa to improve phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) yield and then optimized the culture conditions for PCA production. Using a non-scar deletion strategy, the 5′-untranslated region of the phz1 gene cluster and two genes, phzM and phzS, were knocked out of the P. aeruginosa strain M18 genome. The potential ability for high-yield PCA production in this triple-deleted mutant M18MSU1 was successfully realized by using statistical experimental designs. A 2^5–1 fractional factorial design was used to show that the three culture components of soybean meal, corn steep liquor and ethanol had the most significant effect on PCA production. Using a central composite design, the concentration of the three components was optimized. The maximum PCA production was predicted to be 4,725.1 mg/L. With the optimal medium containing soybean meal 74.25 g/L, corn steep liquor 13.01 g/L and ethanol 21.84 ml/L, a PCA production of 4,771.2 mg/L was obtained in the validation experiments, which was nearly twofold of that before optimization and tenfold of that in the wild-type strain. This non-scar triple-deleted mutant M18MSU1 may be a suitable strain for industrial production of this biologically synthesized fungicide due to its high PCA production, presumed safety, thermal adaptability and cost-effectiveness.     

Propionic acid production by immobilized cells of a propionate-tolerant strain of Propionibacterium acidipropionici

Cells of the propionate-tolerant strain Propionibacterium acidipropionici P200910, immobilized in calcium alginate beads, were tested for propionic and acetic acid production both in a semidefined laboratory medium and in corn steep liquor in batch, fed-batch, and continuous fermentation. Cell density was about 9.8 × 10⁹ cells/g (wet weight) of beads, and beads were added to the medium at 0.1 g (wet weight) beads/ml. Beads could be reused for several consecutive batch fermentations; propionic acid production in the tenth cycle was about 50%–70% of that in the first cycle. In batch culture complete substrate consumption (glucose in semidefined medium, lactate in corn steep liquor) and maximum acid production were seen within 36 h, and acid yields from the substrate were higher than in free-cell fermentations. Fed-batch fermentations were incubated up to 250 h. Maximum propionic acid concentrations obtained were 45.6 g/l in corn steep liquor and 57 g/l in semidefined medium; this is the highest concentration achieved to date in our laboratory. Maximum acetic acid concentrations were 17 g/l and 12 g/l, respectively. In continuous fermentation of semidefined medium, dilution rates up to 0.31 h^–1 could be used, which gave higher volumetric productivities (0.96 g l^–1 h^–1 for propionic acid and 0.26 g l^–1 h^–1 for acetic acid) than we have obtained with free cells. Corn steep liquor shows promise as an inexpensive medium for production of both acids by immobilized cells of propionibacteria.Journal paper no. J- 15614 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project no. 3122     

里氏木霉Trichoderma reesei产纤维素酶的发酵培养基碳氮源优化

研究C、N源对里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)生产纤维素酶的影响,采用单因素实验方法和中心复合方法对发酵培养基进行优化。单因素实验表明:黄豆饼粉、玉米芯、玉米浆对纤维素酶的影响显著。通过响应面优化,得到最优培养基C、N源的组成:黄豆饼粉32.21 g/L,玉米芯42.29 g/L,玉米浆4.45 g/L。优化条件下,摇瓶发酵7 d的比酶活达到(10.65±0.50)U/mL。     

林可霉素生物合成培养基的优化

以花生粉和棉籽蛋白粉取代了原培养基中的黄豆饼粉,采用响应面法对林可霉素产生菌的发酵培养基进行了优化.首先通过单因素试验及正交实验确定替代氮源及其浓度,采用Plackett-Burman实验分析各因素的主效应,选出对响应值影响较大的3个因素,即花生粉、K2HPO4和玉米浆.对这些因素做爬坡实验,确定三个重要因素的中心点浓...     

Acetate production from whey lactose using co-immobilized cells of homolactic and homoacetic bacteria in a fibrous-bed bioreactor

Acetate was produced from whey lactose in batch and fed-batch fermentations using co-immobilized cells of Clostridium formicoaceticum and Lactococcus lactis. The cells were immobilized in a spirally wound fibrous sheet packed in a 0.45-L column reactor, with liquid circulated through a 5-L stirred-tank fermentor. Industrial-grade nitrogen sources, including corn steep liquor, casein hydrolysate, and yeast hydrolysate, were studied as inexpensive nutrient supplements to whey permeate and acid whey. Supplementation with either 2.5% (v/v) corn steep liquor or 1.5 g/L casein hydrolysate was adequate for the cocultured fermentation. The overall acetic acid yield from lactose was 0.9 g/g, and the productivity was 0.25 g/(L h). Both lactate and acetate at high concentrations inhibited the homoacetic fermentation. To overcome these inhibitions, fed-batch fermentations were used to keep lactate concentration low and to adapt cells to high-concentration acetate. The final acetate concentration obtained in the fed-batch fermentation was 75 g/L, which was the highest acetate concentration ever produced by C. formicoaceticum. Even at this high acetate concentration, the overall productivity was 0.18 g/(L h) based on the total medium volume and 1.23 g/(L h) based on the fibrous-bed reactor volume. The cells isolated from the fibrous-bed bioreactor at the end of this study were more tolerant to acetic acid than the original culture used to seed the bioreactor, indicating that adaptation and natural selection of acetate-tolerant strains occurred. This cocultured fermentation process could be used to produce a low-cost acetate deicer from whey permeate and acid whey.     

Optimized production of 2,3-butanediol by a lactate dehydrogenase-deficient mutant of Klebsiella pneumoniae

To obtain high-yield production of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) from glucose, we optimized the culture conditions for a lactate dehydrogenase-deficient mutant (ΔldhA) of Klebsiella pneumoniae using response surface methodology. 2,3-BD production was successfully improved by optimizing pH (5.6), aeration (3.50 vvm) and concentration of corn steep liquor (45.0 mL/L) as a nitrogen source, resulting in a maximum level of 2,3-BD production of 148.8 g/L and productivity of 2.48 g/L/h. 2,3-BD was also obtained with high concentration (76.24 g/L) and productivity (2.31 g/L/h) from the K. pneumoniae mutant strain using sugarcane molasses as a carbon source.