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1.
Summary The plant growth retardants (2-chloroethyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) and 2-isopropyl-4-(trimethylammoniumchloride)-5-methylphenyl-piperidine-1-carboxylate (AMO-1618) inhibit gibberellic-acid biosynthesis inFusarium moniliforme at the cyclisation of geranylgeraniol to (-)-kaurene, causing an accumulation of geranylgeraniol. The two inhibitors have no effect on the biosynthesis of ergosterol inF. moniliforme or sitosterol in barley seedlings. 相似文献
2.
Summary Soluble lead salts and a number of lead-containing minerals catalyze the formation of oligonucleotides from nucleoside 5-phosphorimidazolides. The effectiveness of lead compounds correlates strongly with their solubility. Under optimal conditions we were able to obtain 18% of pentamer and higher oligomers from ImpA. Reactions involving ImpU gave smaller yields.Abbreviations A
adenosine
-
U
uridine
-
Im
imidazole
-
MeIm
1-methyl-imidazole
-
EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
-
pA
adenosine 5-phosphate
-
pU
uridine 5-phosphate
-
Ap
adenosine cyclic 2:3-phosphate
-
ATP
adenosine 5-triphosphate
-
AppA
P1,P2-diadenosine 5-diphosphate
-
pNp (N = A,U)
nucleotide 2(3), 5-diphosphate
-
ImpA
adenosine 5-phosphoreimidazolide
-
ImpU
uridine 5-phosphorimidazolide
-
A
2pA
adenylyl-[25]-adenosine
-
A
3pA
adenylyl-[35]-adenosine
-
pA
2pA
5-phospho-adenylyl-[25]-adenosine
-
pA
3pA
5-phospho-adenylyl-[35]-adenosine
-
pUpU
5-phospho-uridylyl-uridine
-
pApU
5-phospho-adenylyl-uridine
-
pUpA
5-phospho-uridylyladenine
-
(pA)n (n, 2,3,4,)
oligoadenylates with 5 terminal phosphate
-
ImpApA
5-phosphorimidazolide of adenylyl adenosine
-
(pA)
5+
pentamer and higher oligoadenylates with 5 terminal phosphate
-
(Ap)nA (n = 2,3,4)
oligoadenylates without terminal phosphates
In the following we do not specify the nature of the internucleotide linkageIn the following we do not specify the nature of the internucleotide linkage 相似文献
3.
Hans Kleinig Hans Reichenbach Hans Achenbach Jochen Stadler 《Archives of microbiology》1971,78(3):224-233
Summary The carotenoid pigments of the myxobacterium Sorangium compositum were analyzed by chromatographical and chemical techniques and by visible, infra red, and mass spectroscopy. Besides -carotene, neurosporene, torulene, lycopene, and 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy--carotene, four new carotenoid glycosides were found. These pigments were identified as 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-torulene glucoside ester (I), 1,2-dihydro-3,1-dihydroxy-torulene glucoside ester (III), 1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-torulene rhamnoside (II), and 1,2-dihydro-3,1-dihydroxytorulene rhamnoside (IV).Fifth communication on the carotenoids of myxobacteria. Fourth communication see Arch. Mikrobiol. 76, 364–380 (1971). 相似文献
4.
Anna Marina Liberati Michael Horisberger Monica Schippa Francesco Di Clemente Marco Fizzotti Stefano Filippo Maria Grazia Proietti Sergio Arzano Paolo Berruto Lucia Palmisano Saverio Cinieri 《Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII》1991,34(2):115-122
Summary Ten hairy-cell leukemia patients were treated with interferon (IFN-) at a dose rate of 2 × 106 IU/m2 × 5 days for 4 weeks (induction therapy) and, thereafter, at the same dose three times a week for 11 months (maintenance therapy). The effect of this treatment on serum neopterin, 2-microglobulin, (2–5)oligoadenylate [(2–5)A
n
] levels, intracellular (2–5)A
n
values and human Mx protein synthesis was analysed. There were significant rises in serum neopterin and (2–5)A
n
levels during both induction and maintenance, whereas 2-microglobulin levels rose only during induction. Rises in intracellular (2–5)A
n
were documented mainly during induction, but they were not significantly higher than pretherapy values. IFN provoked an increase in human Mx protein synthesis over the entire induction — maintenance period, but was only significantly higher than baseline during induction. All markers proved useful for monitoring the effects of IFN dose schedules, but were not predictive of clinical outcome. Natural killer activity and IFN production, which were initially defective, followed a different trend from that of the other factors studied, in that increases were documented only late in the course of therapy when the disease was already in remission. 相似文献
5.
Summary Isolated plasma membrane vesicles purified by aqueous polymer two-phase partitioning were used as a model system for studies on the membrane-associated (cortical) cytoskeleton in plants. Actin, as identified by immunoblotting, was found to be specifically attached to plasma membrane vesicles from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.). The actin was not washed off as the vesicles were turned inside-out, indicative of a fairly strong attachment. Triton X-100 extraction of plasma membrane vesicles resulted in an insoluble and hence pelletable fraction where actin could be found together with several other proteins. Our results show that the cortical cytoskeleton is to some extent co-purified with the plasma membrane, and we believe that well defined, inside-out and right-side-out plasma membrane vesicles can be used to study the structure and dynamics of the plant cortical cytoskeleton.Abbreviations ATP
adenosine 5-triphosphate
- BCIP
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- CCD
counter-current distribution
- DTT
dithiothreitol
- EDTA
ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid
- EGTA
ethylene glycol-bis(-aminoethyl ether)
- GSII
1,3--glucan synthase
- HEPES
N-[2-hydroxyethyl]-piperazine-N-[2-ethane sulfonic acid]
- MES
2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid
- NBT
p-nitro blue tetrazolium chloride
- IDP
inosine 5-diphosphate
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBS
phosphate buffered saline
- PIPES
piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethane-sulfonic acid)
- PPB
potassium phosphate buffer
- PM
plasma membrane
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- PVDF
polyvinylidene difluoride
- PVPP
polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TBS
Tris-buffered saline
- TTBS
Tris-buffered saline with Tween 20
- Tris
tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane 相似文献
6.
Ahlert Schmidt 《Archives of microbiology》1977,112(3):263-270
Crude extracts of Rhodospirillum rubrum catalyzed the formation of acid-volatile radioactivity from (35S) sulfate, (35S) adenosine-5-phosphosulfate, and (35S) 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate. An enzyme fraction similar to APS-sulfotransferases from plant sources was purified 228-fold from Rhodospirillum rubrum. It is suggested here that this enzyme is specific for adenosine-5-phosphosulfate, because the purified enzyme fraction metabolized adenosine-5-phosphosulfate, however, only at a rate of 1/10 of that with adenosine-5-phosphosulfate. Further, the reaction with 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate was inhibited with 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphate whereas this nucleotide had no effect on the reaction with adenosine-5-phosphosulfate. For this activity with adenosine-5-phosphosulfate the name APS-sulfotransferase is suggested. This APS-sulfotransferase needs thiols for activity; good rates were obtained with either dithioerythritol or reduced glutathione; other thiols like cysteine, 2-3-dimercaptopropanol or mercaptoethanol are less effective. The electron donor methylviologen did not catalyze this reaction. The pH-optimum was about 9.0; the apparent K
m for adenosine-5-phosphosulfate was determined to be 0.05 mM with this so far purified enzyme fraction. Enzyme activity was increased with K2SO4 and Na2SO4 and was inhibited by 5-AMP. These properties are similar to assimilatory APS-sulfotransferases from spinach and Chlorella.Abbreviations APS
adenosine-5-phosphosulfate
- PAPS
3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate
- 5-AMP
adenosine-5-monophosphate
- 3-AMP
adenosine-3-monophosphate
- 3-5-ADP
3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphate (PAP)
- DTE
dithiorythritol
- GSH
reduced glutathione
- BAL
2-3-dimercaptopropanol 相似文献
7.
Summary
Physarum polycephalum microplasmodia exposed to 1.6×10–5 M cytochalasin A evidenced intracellular cytoplasmic condensation, slow contraction, and eventual breaks at discrete surface areas, within one hour. Other cytochalasins tested (CB or CD) did not substitute for CA. CA effects on plasmodia were not abolished by immediate washing or media replacement. In nutrient medium, CA plus ATP (375 M) produced within minutes herniation (blebbing) and plasmodial disruption. The order of addition of reagents was important; ATP added simultaneously with or prior to CA stimulated the phenomenon, whereas initial addition of CA resulted in no such dynamic response. Several other nucleotides (e.g., AMP, cAMP) could substitute for ATP; however, such changes were not observed with 5-adenylylimidodiphosphate. Blebbing was not abolished in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol. In minimal medium, it was best stimulated by simultaneous addition of Ca++ and Mg++. Preincubation of CA with L-cysteine or with -mercaptoethanol negates its individual or nucleotide-combined effects. Yet, 10–5 M ethacrynic acid, a sulfhydryl-reactive liposoluble drug, in the presence of ATP does not mimic the blebbing response. These observed effects, which take place at or near the plasmodial surface, presumably reflect acceleration of normal contractile processes inPhysarum.
Abbreviations CA
cytochalasin A
- CB
cytochalasin B
- CD
cytochalasin D
- AMP
adenosine 5-monophosphate
- ADP
adenosine 5-diphosphate
- ATP
adenosine 5-triphosphate
- di-butyryl-cAMP
di-butyryl-cyclic adenosine 35-monophosphate
- di-butyrylcGMP
di-butyryl-cyclic guanosine 35-monophasphate.
This work was supported by a grant (AI-11902) from the U.S. Public Health Service. 相似文献
8.
Summary Particle supported biofilms of uniform thickness were generated in an aerobic fluidized-bed reactor with phenol as the carbon source. A method was developed for determining the effective diffusivities of oxygen and phenol using trypan blue, a vital stain as the tracer. The effective diffusivities of oxygen and phenol were found to be 2.72×10–6 cm2/s and 1.12×10–6 cm2/s respectively.Nomenclature Ci
initial solute concentration in bulk, g/cm3
- Ct
solute concentration in bulk at time t, g/cm3
- C
bulk solute concentration at equilibrium, g/cm3
- D
molecular diffusivity, cm2/s
- D
effective diffusivity, cm2/s
- Do Dp Dtb
molecular diffusivity of oxygen, phenol and trypan blue, cm2/s
- Do, Dp, Dtb
effective diffusivity of oxygen, phenol and trypan blue, cm2/s
- Ds
molecular diffusivity of substrate, cm2/s
- Ds
effective diffusivity of substrate, cm2/s
- K
partition coefficient
- Mt
amount of solute in the particle at time t, g
- M
amount of solute in the particle at equilibrium, g
-
r
particle radius, cm
-
r
bp
radius of the particle with biofilm, cm
- S
substrate concentration, g/cm3
- Sb
substrate concentration in bulk, g/cm3
- Si
initial substrate concentration, g/cm3
- V1
solute molar volume, cm3/g mol
Greek Symbols
bf
porosity of the biofilm
-
tortuosity factor 相似文献
9.
Summary The self-condensation of 2(3)-O-glycyl esters of adenosine, adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate) and P1, P2-diadenosine-5-pyrophosphate in 6.2 mM solutions at pH 8.0 and -5°C in the presence of 12.5 mM poly(U) yields approximately 3 times as much diketopiperazine as reactions without poly(U). As the concentration of 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-P1, P2-diadenosine-5-pyrophosphate is decreased from 6.2 mM to 1.5 mM the yield of diketopiperazine in the presence of poly(U) decreases slightly from 6.6% to 5.2%, whereas, in the absence of poly(U) the yield of diketopiperazine decreases substantially from 2.4% to 0.75%. The enhanced yield of diketopiperazine that is attributed to the template action of poly(U) is temperature dependent and is observed only at temperatures below 10°C (5°C to -5°C) for 6.2 mM 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate) and below 23°C (15°C to -5°C) for 6.2 mM 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-P1, P2-diadenosine-5-pyrophosphate. The absence of a template effect at high temperatures is attributed to the melting of the organized helices. The hydrolysis half-lives at pH 8.0 and -5°C of 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine, 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate), 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-P1, P2-diadenosine-5-pyrophosphate, and 5-O-(glycyl)-adenosine in the presence of poly(U) are substantially larger than their half-lives in the absence of poly(U). The condensation of 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine yields 5% of 5-O-(glycyl)-adenosine in the presence of poly(U) compared to 0.7% in the absence of poly(U).Abbreviations DKP
diketopiperazine
- (gly)2
glycylglycine
- (gly)3
glycylglycylglycine
- AppA-gly
2(3)-O-(glycyl)-P1, P2-diadenosine-5-pyrophosphate
- MepA-gly
2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate)
- Ado-2(3)-gly
2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine
- Ado-5-gly
5-O-(glycyl)-adenosine
- Boc-gly
N-tert-butyloxycarbonylglycine
- AppA
P1, P2-diadenosine-5-pyrophosphate
- MepA
adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate)
- AppA-Boc-gly
2(3)-O-(Boc-glycyl)-P1, P2-diadenosine-5-pyrophosphate
- Ado-5-Boc-gly
5-O-(Boc-glycyl)-adenosine
- Ado-2(3)-Boc-gly
2(3)-O-(Boc-glycyl)-adenosine 相似文献
10.
Summary The yields of dipeptide obtained from the reaction of 0.2M 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate) and 0.2M amino acid at pH 8.2 ranged from 0.1% to 35.5% for a group of 15 amino acids. The yields of glyser (35.3%), gly-cys (11.8%) and gly-thr (5.4%) were considerably greater than dipeptide yields obtained from any of the other 12 amino acids ( 1.7%). Aminolysis of 0.05M 2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate) by 0.4M serine ethyl ester yielded 53% glycylserine diketopiperazine, via N-(glycyl)-serine ethyl ester as a transient intermediate. The prebiotic significance of these reactions is discussed.Abbreviations
MepA
adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate)
-
MepA-gly
2(3)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5-(O-methylphosphate)
-
DKP
diketopiperazine
-
serOEt
serine ethyl ester
-
gly-serOEt
N-(glycyl)-serine ethyl ester
-
Boc-gly
N-tertbutyloxycarbonylglycine
-
cyclo-(gly-ser-)
glycylserine diketo-piperazine
-
O-gly-ser
O-glycylserine
-
O-(gly)-gly-ser
O-(glycyl)-glycylserine
-
gly-ser
N-glycylserine 相似文献
11.
Summary Muscle actin filaments labeled with rhodamine-phalloidin were observed to move on the surface coated with a crude extract of pollen tubes ofLilium longiflorum with an average velocity of 1.99±0.55 m/sec. The movement required both Mg2+ and ATP. These results indicate that the extract of pollen tubes contains a myosin-like translocatorAbbreviations ATP
adenosine-5-triphosphate
- DTT
dithiothreitol
- EGTA
ethyleneglycol-bis-(-aminoethylether)N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid
- PIPES
piperazine-N,N-bis-(2-ethanesulfonic acid)
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride 相似文献
12.
Summary Double labeling with fluorescent probes showed that in the cortical cytoplasm of pollen tubes ofNicotiana tabacum andLilium longiflorum, the microtubules and actin filaments co-localize for the most part. They displayed complex net-axial or helical distributions. They structural association of microtubules and actin filaments implies a functional relationship with respect to organelle movement and/or the organization of the cortical cytoplasm and cell surface.Abbreviations EGTA
ethyleneglycol-bis-(-aminoethylether)-N,N,N,N-tetra-acetic acid
- FITC
fluoresceine iso-thiocyanate 相似文献
13.
A 40 S multienzyme complex containing mtDNA polymerase was isolated from mitochondria ofS. cerevisiae by density gradient centrifugation and by gel filtration chromatography. Besides DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, primase, 35 exonuclease and an ATPase activities were found to be associated with it. The presence of some of these enzymes were confirmed by Western blot. This high molecular weight multienzyme complex containing DNA has most of the attributes of a putative replisome.Abbreviations BCIP
5 bromo 4 chloro 3 indolyl phosphate
- mtDNA
mitochondrial DNA
- NBT
Nitroblue tetrazolium
- PBS
phosphate buffered saline 相似文献
14.
Partial purification of myosin from lily pollen tubes by monitoring with in vitro motility assay 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Myosin in pollen tubes ofLilium longiflorum was partially purified, using an in vitro motility assay as a monitor. The main components in the partially purified preparation had molecular masses of 110, 120, and 140 kDa in SDS-PAGE. They became bound to actin filaments in an ATP-dependent manner. Among the components, only that of 120 kDa became bound to ATP and was concluded to be the heavy chain of pollen tube myosin.Abbreviations ATP
adenosine-5-triphosphate
- DTT
dithiothreitol
- EB
extraction buffer
- EGTA
ethyleneglycol-bis-(-aminoethylether) N, N, N, N-tetraacetic acid
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PIPES
piperazine-N,N-bis-(2-ethanesulfonic acid)
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- SDS
sodium dodecylsulfate
- TBS
Tris buffered saline
- TEB
Tris-EGTA buffer 相似文献
15.
Summary Crude cell-free extracts of Anabaena cylindrica synthesized adenosine-5-phosphosulphate (AP35S) and 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulphate (PAP35S) from 35SO4
2- in the presence of Mg2+, ATP and inorganic pyrophosphatase. Maximum AP35S and PAP35S were produced at pH 7.15 and 8.05, respectively. APS kinase was detected in the supernatant of crude cell-free extracts by a spectrophotometric procedure. ATP-Sulphurylase had an absolute requirement for Mg2+ and less than 30% AP35S was formed when Mg2+ was replaced by either Mn2+ or Co2+. Nucleotide triphosphates other than ATP and 2-deoxyATP were ineffective in this reaction. Maximum enzyme activity was observed at equimolar concentrations of Mg2+ and ATP and excess of either of these was inhibitory. Other nucleotide triphosphates, like GTP, UTP, CTP, TTP, ITP, or 2-deoxyATP also inhibited the enzyme activity. Inhibition by GTP was competitive with respect to ATP. ATP-sulphurylase activity was not affected by cysteine, methionine or glutathione.Abbreviations APS
adenosine-5-phosphosulphate
- PAPS
3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulphate 相似文献
16.
The white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium metabolized 4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl-glycerol--guaiacyl ether (V) in low nitrogen, stationary cultures under which conditions the ligninolytic enzyme system is expressed. 4-Ethoxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol XIII, guaicol and 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol (II) were isolated as metabolic products. Exogenously added XIII was rapidly converted to 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol indicating that it is an intermediate in the metabolism of V. P. chrysosporium also metabolized 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-3-hydroxypropane VI. The degradation pathway for this dimer also included initial -ether cleavage and -hydroxylation of the diol product 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) 2,3 dihydroxypropane (XI) to yield the triol XIII which was cleaved at the , bond to yield 4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzyl alcohol. Finally P. chrysosporium also cleaved the dimer 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1-hydroxypropane (VIII) at the -ether linkage yielding 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl) 1,2 dihydroxypropane (IX) which was subsequently cleaved at the , bond to yield II. All of the results indicate that oxidative -ether cleavage is an important initial reaction in the metabolism of -aryl ether lignin substructure dimeric compounds. Metabolities were identified after comparison with chemically synthesized standards by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Abbreviations GLC
Gas liquid chromatography
- TMSi
trimethylsilyl
- TLC
thin layer chromatography 相似文献
17.
Toshikazu Oki Akihiro Yoshimoto Tatsuo Ogasawara Seiji Sato Akira Takamatsu 《Archives of microbiology》1976,107(2):183-187
The occurrence of adenosine 5-triphosphate-3-diphosphate-synthesizing activity was detected in five strains of actinomycetes; Streptomyces morookaensis, Streptomyces aspergilloides, Streptomyces hachijoensis, Actinomyces violascens and Streptoverticillium septatum, out of 825 strains of actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi and imperfecti. Purine nucleotide pyrophosphotransferase were extracellularly excreted associating with the cell growth, and were purified partially or to apparent homogeniety from the culture filtrate. The enzymes are a monomeric protein with a molecular weight of 18000–26000 and synthesize adenosine, guanosine and inosine 5-phosphate (mono, di or tri)-3-diphosphate such as pApp, ppApp, pppApp, pGpp, ppGpp, pppGpp and pppIpp by transferring a pyrophosphoryl group from the 5-position of ATP, dATP and pppApp to the 3-position of purine nucleotides in the presence of a divalent cation and in alkaline state.Abbreviations pppApp
adenosine 5-triphosphate 3-diphosphate
- ppApp
adenosine 5-diphosphate 3-diphosphate
- pApp
adenosine 5-monophosphate 3-diphosphate
- pppGpp
guanosine 5-triphosphate 3-diphosphate 相似文献
18.
G. Mattson E. Conklin S. Desai G. Nielander M. D. Savage S. Morgensen 《Molecular biology reports》1993,17(3):167-183
The various aspects of chemical crosslinking are addressed. Crosslinker reactivity, specificity, spacer arm length and solubility characteristics are detailed. Considerations for choosing one of these crosslinkers for a particular application are given as well as reaction conditions and practical tips for use of each category of crosslinkers.Abbreviations ABH
azidobenzoyl hydrazide
- ANB- NOS
N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxysuccinimide
- ASIB
1-(p-azidosalicylamido)-4-(iodoacetamido)butane
- ASBA
4-(p-azidosalicylamido)butylamine
- APDP
N-[4-(p-azidosalicylamido) butyl]-3(2-pyridyldithio)propionamide
- APG
p-azidophenyl glyoxal monohydrate
- BASED
bis-[-(4-azidosalicylamido)ethyl] disulfide
- BMH
bismaleimidohexane
- BS3
bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate
- BSOCOES
bis[2-(succinimidooxycarbonyloxy)ethyl]sulfone
- DCC
N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- DFDNB
1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
- DMA
dimethyl adipimidate·2HCl
- DMP
dimethyl pimelimidate·2HCl
- DMS
dimethyl suberimidate·2HCl
- DPDPB
1,4-di-(3,2-pyridyldithio)propionamido butane
- DMF
dimethylformamide
- DMSO
dimethylsulfoxide
- DSG
disuccinimidyl glutarate
- DSP
dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate)
- DSS
disuccinimidyl suberate
- DST
disuccinimidyl tartarate
- DTSSP
3,3-dithiobis (sulfosuccinimidylpropionate)
- DTBP
dimethyl 3,3-dithiobispropionimidate·2HCl
- EDC or EDAC
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodimide hydrochloride
- EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, dihydrate
- EGS
ethylene glycolbis(succinimidylsuccinate)
- GMBS
N--maleimidobutyryloxysuccinimide ester
- HSAB
N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate
- HEPES
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- MBS
m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester
- MES
4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid
- NHS
N-hydroxysuccinimide
- NHS-ASA
N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidosalicylic acid
- PMFS
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- PNP-DTP
p-nitrophenyl-2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate
- SAED
sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(7-azido-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetamide) ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate
- SADP
N-succinimdyl (4-azidophenyl)1,3-dithiopropionate
- SAND
sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(m-azido-o-nitrobenzamido)-ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate
- SANPAH
N-succinimidyl-6(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl-amino)hexanoate
- SASD
sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(p-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3-dithiopropionate
- SATA
N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate
- SDBP
N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-2,3-dibromopropionate
- SIAB
N-succinimidyl(4-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate
- SMCC
succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate
- SMPB
succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl) butyrate
- SMPT
4-succinimidyloxycarbonyl--methyl--(2-pyridyldithio)-toluene
- sulfo-BSOCOES
bis[2-sulfosuccinimidooxycarbonyloxy) ethyl]sulfone
- sulfo-DST
disulfosuccinimidyl tartarate
- sulfo-EGS
ethylene glycolbis(sulfosuccinimidylsuccinate)
- sulfo-GMBS
N--maleimidobutyryloxysulfosuccinimide ester
- sulfo-MBS
m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester
- sulfo-SADP
sulfosuccinimidyl(4-azidophenyldithio)propionate
- sulfo-SAMCA
sulfosuccinimidyl 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetate
- sulfo-SANPAH
sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(4-azido-2-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate
- sulfo-SIAB
sulfosuccinimidyl(4-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate
- sulfo-SMPB
sulfo-succinimidyl 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyrate
- sulfo-SMCC
sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate
- SPDP
N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate 相似文献
19.
W. O. Abel W. Knebel H. -U. Koop J. R. Marienfeld H. Quader R. Reski E. Schnepf B. Spörlein 《Protoplasma》1989,152(1):1-13
Summary An X-ray induced mutant (PC22) of the moss,Physcomitrella patens was analysed with respect to its morphology, physiology and suitability for microculture techniques. The mutant protonemata are defective in bud formation and in chloroplast division. As a consequence of the latter, giant chloroplasts are formed which disturb the development of the phragmoplast, the formation of regular cross walls, and cell division. Abnormal cross walls are rich in callose. The actin cytoskeleton was found to be less regularly developed in the mutant than in the wild type. Three-dimensional analysis of the microtubular arrangement with confocal laser scan microscopy demonstrates a close association between spindle- or phragmoplast- and interphase-microtubules. The deficiencies in chloroplast division and in bud formation can partly be compensated for by exogeneously applied cytokinin. The suitability of this particular developmental mutant for further studies was shown by regeneration of protoplasts in microculture and microinjection of the fluorochrome Lucifer yellow into the chloroplast.Abbreviations CLSM
confocal laser scan microscope
- DAPI
diamidinophenyl indole
- DiOC
3,3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide
- EGTA
ethylene glycol-bis-(-amino-ethylether-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid
- i6Ade
N6-(2-isopentenyladenine)
- PIPES
piperazine-N, N-bis-2-ethanesulfonic acid
- ptDNA
chloroplast DNA
Devoted to the memory of Prof. Dr. O. Kiermayer, our colleague and friend. 相似文献
20.
Shiro Tsuyuzaki 《Plant Ecology》1996,122(2):151-156
To evaluate alpha diversities, various variables such as density, cover, volume, and weight have been used. However, density is often a distinct variable from the remaining three. To clarify differences in diversity measured by those two kinds of variables, the data collected in fourteen 2×5 m permanently-marked plots on Mount Usu, Japan, which erupted during 1977 and 1978 in growing seasons from 1983 to 1989 was analyzed, using Shannon's species diversity (H) that is represented as a result of combination of species richness and evenness (J). H and J were evaluated by density (density H and J) and cover (cover H and J). Cover H and J were significantly lower than density H and J, indicating that cover H has different characteristics from density H. Those differences are due to differences in evenness, because species richness is the same. The rank orders of species density are different from those of cover. The predominance of a few perennial herbs greatly decreases cover evenness, while seedling establishment success influences density evenness. Therefore, I propose that, during the early stages of succession on harsh environments such as volcanoes, density diversity represents seedling establishment success rate while cover diversity expresses vegetative reproduction success rate. 相似文献