中国罗夫菌蚊物种群（Mycetophilaruficollisgroup）研究：双翅目：菌蚊科

罗夫菌蚊物种群（Ｍｙｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌａｒｕｆｉｃｏｌｉｓ－ｇｒｏｕｐ）全世界已知３０余种,其中全北区有１２种,东洋区种类未作系统研究。中国记载过２种。本研究对中国的罗夫菌蚊物种群作了系统研究整理,发现了６新种（角突菌蚊Ｍｙｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌａａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓａ、弯尾菌蚊Ｍ．ｃｕｒｖｉｃａｕｄａｔａ、粗壮菌蚊Ｍ．ｆｏｒｔｉｓａ、深色菌蚊Ｍ．ｆｕｒｖｕｓａ、查氏菌蚊Ｍ．ｃｈａｎｄｌｅｒｉ、南方菌蚊Ｍ．ｍｅｒｉｄｉｏｎａｌｉｓａ）和２中国新记录种,并编制了中国已知种类的检索表。至此我国该物种群共有１０种。新种模式标本分别保存在浙江林学院和中国农业大学昆虫标本馆     

山西真菌蚊属二新种记述：双翅目：菌蚊科

山西真菌蚊属二新种记述（双翅目：菌蚊科）吴鸿,杨集昆浙江林学院林学系,浙江省临安县３１１３００北京农业大学植物保护系,北京市１０００９４关键词双翅目,菌蚊科,真菌蚊属,新种,中国本文描述了采自中国山西省的菌蚊科真菌蚊属２新种,模式标本保存于北京农业大...     

中国真菌蚊属新种记述(双翅目:菌蚊科)

记述了我国双翅目菌蚊科菌蚊属3新种,模式标本存于浙江林学院昆虫标本室。     

河南白云山菌蚊四新种：双翅目：菌蚊科

本文报道了河南嵩县白云山菌蚊４新种；黑腹菌蚊Ｍｙｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌａ ｏｒａｔｏｒｉｌａ ｓｐ．ｎ．ｖ，申氏菌蚊Ｍｙｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌａ ｓｈｅｎｉ ｓｐ．ｎ，林栖菌蚊Ｍｙｃｅｔｏｐｈｉｌａ ｓｙｌｖａｔｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎ。，白云埃菌蚊Ｅｐｉｃｙｐｔａ ｂａｉｙｕｎｓｈａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎ．及１中国新记录种；黑缝埃菌蚊Ｅｐｉｃｙｐｔａ ｆｕｍｉｇａｔａ Ｄｚｉｅｄｚｉｃｋｉ，模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博     

中国心菌蚊属研究(双翅目:菌蚊科)

心菌蚊属Ｃｏｒｄｙｌａ Ｍｅｉｇｅｎ生活于肉质真菌Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａ属及地下真菌Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｏｇｏｎ属,主要取食菌柄基部,形成小而致密的白丝茧,在地下化蛹。仅分布于全北区,已知欧洲２０种,新北区１０种。本文报道中国心菌蚊属１新种和１新纪录种,模式标本保存于浙江林学院昆虫标本室。本属为中国新纪录属。北方心菌蚊,新种Ｃｏｒｄｙｌａ ｂｏｒｅａｌｉｓａ Ｗｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（图１～３）雄翅长２．９～３．６ｍ     

北京真菌蚊属一新种记述(双翅目：菌蚊科)

北京真菌蚊属一新种记述（双翅目：菌蚊科）吴鸿,杨集昆（浙江农业大学杭州３１００２９）（北京农业大学北京１０００９４）真菌蚊属ＭｙｃｏｍｙａＲｏｎｄａｎｉ我国目前已知２８种,分布较广。本文记述采自北京门头沟小龙门林场的一新种,模式标本保存在北京农业大学...     

浙江龙王山滑菌蚊三新种 (双翅目：菌蚊科)

 报道浙江省龙王山自然保护区滑菌蚊属Leia三新种： 针尾滑菌蚊L.aculeolusa sp.nov.,长尾滑菌蚊L.ampulliforma sp.nov.和龙王山 滑菌蚊L.longwangshana sp.nov.。模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

内蒙古菌蚊二新种及—中国新记录种(双翅目:菌蚊科)

双翅目菌蚊科(Mycetophilidae)是一类成虫生活于阴暗潮湿环境,幼虫多以菌类为食的小型昆虫,一些种类构成对食用菌生产的威胁。内蒙古自治区的菌蚊未见记载。我们在研究作者1978年采自卓资县保安林场的一批标本中,发现有该科昆虫2新种和1中国新记录种,其中光菌蚊属(Acomoptera)为中国新记录属。 本文所提及的模式标本和研究标本均保存于北京农业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国粘菌蚊属Sciophila研究（双翅目：菌蚊科）

中国粘菌蚊属Ｓｃｉｏｐｈｉｌａ研究（双翅目：菌蚊科）吴鸿（浙江农业大学植保系,浙江省杭州市３１００２９）粘菌蚊属ＳｃｉｏｐｈｉｌａＭｅｉｇｅｎ,全北区已知７９种,其中古北区３９种,新北区５４种;东洋区已知５种。中国东北曾记载过１种。本研究对中国的粘菌...     

浙江省新菌蚊属二新种(双翅目:菌蚊科)

记述了采自浙江省的新菌蚊属Ｎｅｏｅｍｐｈｅｒｉａ ２新种：山居新菌蚊Ｎ．ｍｏｎｔｉｃｏｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和具毛新菌蚊Ｎ．ｓｅｔｕｌｏｓａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,模式标本保存于中国农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

Molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat family Mycetophilidae (Diptera,Mycetophiliformia)

Abstract A molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat family Mycetophilidae based on the nuclear 18S, 28S, and the mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes is presented. The total alignment included 58 taxa and 1704 bp. The family was recovered as monophyletic in parsimony and Bayesian analyses. In the Bayesian analysis, Mycetophilinae and its two tribes, Mycetophilini and Exechiini, were monophyletic with good statistical support. The subfamily Mycomyinae was found consistently in a sister‐group relationship to Mycetophilinae. Gnoristinae was rendered paraphyletic, subtending Mycomyinae and Mycetophilinae. Within Gnoristinae, the genera Coelosia Winnertz, Boletina Staeger, Gnoriste Meigen group with Docosia Winnertz, usually considered to be a member of Leiinae. No support was found for the monophyly of the subfamilies Sciophilinae and Leiinae.     

Molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat subfamilies Gnoristinae and Mycomyinae,and their position within Mycetophilidae (Diptera)

The phylogeny of the fungus gnat family Mycetophilidae (Diptera) is reconstructed with a focus on the species‐rich and taxonomically difficult subfamilies Gnoristinae and Mycomyinae. The multigene phylogenetic analyses are based on five nuclear (18S, 28S, CAD, MCS, ITS2) and four mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI, CytB) gene markers. The analyses strongly support the monophyly of Mycetophilidae and the subfamilies Manotinae, Sciophilinae, Leiinae, and Mycomyinae, although Gnoristinae is paraphyletic with respect to Mycetophilinae. All the genera and groups of genera included are supported as monophyletic, except for Acomoptera Vockeroth, Boletina Staeger, Dziedzickia Johannsen, Ectrepesthoneura Enderlein, and Neoempheria Osten Sacken. Ancestral character state reconstructions were applied to two morphological features present in Gnoristinae and Mycomyinae (i.e. presence of setae on wing membrane and wing vein R₄) in order to assess their evolution. The wing vein R₄ appears as an unstable character, spread throughout different clades. A dated phylogeny of the family Mycetophilidae showed that most of the subfamilies of Mycetophilidae originated and diversified during the Cretaceous. The youngest subfamilies, originated in the Paleogene, appear to be Mycomyinae and Mycetophilinae.     

Molecular phylogeny of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) revisited: position of Manotinae,Metanepsiini, and other enigmatic taxa as inferred from multigene analysis

The phylogeny of selected genera from four subfamilies of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) – Manotinae, Leiinae, Sciophilinae and Gnoristinae (including Metanepsiini) – is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of five mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI, COII, cytB) and two nuclear (28S, ITS2) gene markers. Results of the different analyses all support Manotinae as a monophyletic group, with Leiinae as the sister group. Allactoneura DeMeijere is nested in the monophyletic and strongly supported clade of Leiinae. The tribe Metanepsiini is revealed as paraphyletic and the genera Metanepsia Edwards and Chalastonepsia Søli do not appear to be closely related. The genera Docosia Winnertz, Ectrepesthoneura Enderlein, Novakia Strobl and Syntemna Winnertz were placed with a group of genera included traditionally in the Gnoristinae. The monophyly of Dziedzickia Johannsen and Phthinia Winnertz is not supported. The genera of Sciophilinae (excluding Paratinia Mik but including Eudicrana Loew) form a monophyletic group in the Bayesian model.     

Notes on the position of the true freshwater crabs within the brachyrhynchan Eubrachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

Cladistic and phenetic relationships of 51 eubrachyuran crab genera, comprising 36 genera of marine crabs and 18 genera of true freshwater crabs from 7 families, were investigated using 121 parsimony-informative adult morphological characters. The data matrix was subjected to four different treatments: (1) a cladistic analysis with a combination of unordered and ordered characters, (2) a cladistic analysis with all characters unordered, (3) neighbour-joining, and (4) UPGMA phenetic analyses. The parsimony analysis conducted with a combination of ordered and unordered characters produced a set of hypotheses which supported monophyly of a Pseudothelphusidae+Potamoidea clade. Furthermore, exemplar genera of the Bythograeidae and Pinnotheridae formed an unresolved polytomy with the Pseudothelphusidae+Potamoidea group, the Thoracotremata. The trichodactylid freshwater crabs were positioned as the sister taxon of the basal portunoid Carcinus, but were unresolved relative to other portunoids and geryonids. Second, the parsimony analysis conducted with all characters unordered resulted in a [bythograeid, pseudothelphusid+potamoid, pinnotherid, thoracotreme] group with no hierarchical resolution, which in turn formed a polytomy with a goneplacid+portunoid clade and a polyphyletic Xanthoidea. And third, phenetic groupings of the eubrachyuran genera invariably placed the pseudothelphusids with the potamoids, and this clustered with a group containing the thoracotremes (either in whole or part). Support was thus found for morphological connections among the nontrichodactylid freshwater crabs, thoracotremes, bythograeids, and pinnotherids, and for the placement of the trichodactylids within the Portunoidea. These two latter findings (that used a range of genera from each family) are broadly congruent with a previous cladistic analysis of selected eubrachyuran familial groundpatterns that used a basal exemplar of each marine and freshwater crab family (Sternberg et al., 1999). However, it is clear that the large scale homoplasy identified here may nullify any reliable hypothesis of brachyrhynchan groupings at this stage.     

中国瘤锥蝗科和锥头蝗科的支序系统学研究

通过比较中国分布的瘤锥蝗科Chrotogonidae和锥头蝗科Pyrgomorphidae10属蝗虫的形态学性状,选择了22个性状对10属蝗虫的系统发育关系进行支序系统学分析。结果表明：从支序图来看这10个属的关系相互交织在一起,不能区别为两个科。笔者建议在蝗虫分类系统中,把锥头蝗科和瘤锥蝗科合在一起作为一个科比较妥当。     

The Phylogeny of the Lophopidae and the Impact of Sexual Selection and Coevolutionary Sexual Conflict

A cladistic analysis of Lophopidae was performed, using 73 observed morphological characters and 41 taxa. This analysis involved 36 genera belonging to the Lophopidae family and 5 outgroups. For a better understanding of the selected characters some illustrations are provided. The most parsimonious cladograms obtained show that the Lophopidae cannot be considered as a monophyletic lineage unless two genera are withdrawn from this family: Hesticus Walker, 1862, and Silvanana Metcalf, 1947. The systematic position of these two genera remains uncertain. They cannot yet be included in another family of Fulgoromorpha. A cladistic analysis of each of the 19 remaining Fulgoromorphan families must be performed first. A new family could be created for these two genera, but not before we are sure that these two genera are in no way members of an existing family. The outgroup problem is discussed. The monophyletic lineage represented by the Lophopidae can be divided into four natural groups: Carriona⁺, Makota⁺, Sarebasa⁺, and Bisma⁺. When a cladistic analysis is completed using a data matrix without characters linked to females, the cladogram obtained presents a disrupted basal resolution. Female characters appear to bring a phylogenetic signal important basally in the evolution of the Lophopidae but also apically, directly between the relationships of some genera. A similar analysis, using a matrix without characters linked to males, provides a phylogeny disrupted between the groups that form the Lophopidae and in the basal resolution in these groups. The respective impacts of the genitalic characters are discussed in relation to sexual selection conflict.     

On the systematics of the fungus gnat subfamily Mycetophilinae (Diptera): a combined morphological and molecular approach

The phylogenetic relationships within the fungus gnat subfamily Mycetophilinae (Diptera) are addressed using a combined morphological and molecular approach. Twenty-four species, representing nine genera of the tribe Mycetophilini and 15 genera of the tribe Exechiini, were included in the study. Analyses include nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I and 16S), and nuclear (18S and 28S rDNA) genes, in addition to 65 morphological characters. A combined parsimony analysis, including all characters, supports the monophyly of the subfamily Mycetophilinae and two of its tribes, Exechiini and Mycetophilini. There is also statistical support for a Mycetophila- group and a Phronia- group within the tribe Mycetophilini. The Phronia- group includes the genera Phronia , Macrobrachius and Trichonta . The Mycetophila- group includes the genera Mycetophila , Epicypta , Platurocypta , Sceptonia and Zygomyia . A Bayesian analysis based on the nucleotide sequences alone also support these clades within Mycetophilini except for the position of Dynatosoma which is recovered as the sister taxon to the Phronia- group. A somewhat different pattern, however, is observed for the tribe Exechiini – neither molecular data nor the combined data set support unambiguously any intergeneric relationships within Exechiini.     

螟黄足盘绒茧蜂复合群支序系统学研究（膜翅目：茧蜂科：小腹茧蜂亚科）

对螟黄足盘绒茧蜂复合群Cotesia flavipes complex (膜翅目：茧蜂科：小腹茧蜂亚科)分布全世界的5个种和外群侧沟茧蜂Microplitis 及荻茧蜂Diolcogaster 的25个性状,以及复合群5个种和外群螟蛉盘绒茧蜂Cotesia ruficrus、粘虫盘绒茧蜂Cotesia kariyai、粉蝶盘绒茧蜂Cotesia glomerata 的24个性状,分别进行比较研究,并运用支序分析的方法探讨该复合群内5个种种间的系统发育关系。支序分析表明螟黄足盘绒茧蜂复合群是一单系群,二化螟盘绒茧蜂C. chilonis 和大螟盘绒茧蜂C. sesamiae 近缘,芦螟盘绒茧蜂C. chiloluteelli 和汉寿盘绒茧蜂C. hanshouensis 近缘,螟黄足盘绒茧蜂C. flavipes相对独立。 以上研究表明无论是以近缘属作外群还是以同属其它种作外群,所得结果基本上都能反映螟黄足盘绒茧蜂复合群各种之间的分类地位。