基因工程抗体中噬茵体抗体库技术的应用

通过基因工程可以大规模地制备能与人相容的单克隆抗体或片段.其中,噬茵体抗体库技术可以模拟体内抗体产生和成熟过程,不经细胞杂交,甚至不经免疫制备针对任何抗原的单克隆抗体.就基因工程抗体及噬茵体抗体库技术的发展与应用作一概述.     

基因工程抗体中噬菌体抗体库技术的应用

通过基因工程可以大规模地制备能与人相容的单克隆抗体或片段。其中,噬菌体抗体抗库技术可以模拟体内抗体产生和成熟过程,不经细胞杂交,甚至不经免疫制备针对任何抗原的单克隆抗体。就基因工程抗体及噬菌抗体库技术的发展与应用作一概述 。     

抗体技术的发展现状及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用

抗体技术有一百多年的历史,单克隆抗体有近30年的历史,但由于抗鼠抗体（HAMA）的形成,使抗体在人体中的应用受到局限,近年来由于DNA重组技术的发展,利用基因工程技术可以实现将鼠抗体人源化或生产人源抗体,克服HAMA,为抗体的临床应用提供了新的研究方法和思路,本分别介绍抗体技术的发展状况及其在治疗肿瘤方面的应用。     

Progress in antibody arrays

Arrays of antibodies and of other types of ligand-binding molecule (e.g. protein scaffolds or aptamers) provide a means for rapid detection of proteins and other analytes in multiple samples and ultimately for screening the human proteome in health and disease. The chief reasons for using an array-based approach to diagnostics and proteomics relate to the advantages associated with parallelisation, miniaturisation and automation. The current generation of antibody microarrays promises to perform well as diagnostic tools and for limited protein profiling, using relatively small numbers of available antibodies. Sensitivity, specificity and signal-to-noise ratios in the multiplex format are major issues and will become more critical as the complexity of arrays is increased. This review describes progress in solving problems associated with the construction of antibody arrays.     

Mathematical and experimental analyses of antibody transport in hollow-fiber-based specific antibody filters

We are developing hollow fiber-based specific antibody filters (SAFs) that selectively remove antibodies of a given specificity directly from whole blood, without separation of the plasma and cellular blood components and with minimal removal of plasma proteins other than the targeted pathogenic antibodies. A principal goal of our research is to identify the primary mechanisms that control antibody transport within the SAF and to use this information to guide the choice of design and operational parameters that maximize the SAF-based antibody removal rate. In this study, we formulated a simple mathematical model of SAF-based antibody removal and performed in vitro antibody removal experiments to test key predictions of the model. Our model revealed three antibody transport regimes, defined by the magnitude of the Damk?hler number Da (characteristic antibody-binding rate/characteristic antibody diffusion rate): reaction-limited (Da /= 10). For a given SAF geometry, blood flow rate, and antibody diffusivity, the highest antibody removal rate was predicted for diffusion-limited antibody transport. Additionally, for diffusion-limited antibody transport the predicted antibody removal rate was independent of the antibody-binding rate and hence was the same for any antibody-antigen system and for any patient within one antibody-antigen system. Using SAF prototypes containing immobilized bovine serum albumin (BSA), we measured anti-BSA removal rates consistent with transport in the intermediate regime (Da approximately 3). We concluded that initial SAF development work should focus on achieving diffusion-limited antibody transport by maximizing the SAF antibody-binding capacity (hence maximizing the characteristic antibody-binding rate). If diffusion-limited antibody transport is achieved, the antibody removal rate may be raised further by increasing the number and length of the SAF fibers and by increasing the blood flow rate through the SAF.     

Emerging antibody combinations in oncology

The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a general approach for specifically targeting and treating human disease. In oncology, the therapeutic utility of mAbs is usually evaluated in the context of treatment with standard of care, as well as other small molecule targeted therapies. Many anti-cancer antibody modalities have achieved validation, including the targeting of growth factor and angiogenesis pathways, the induction of tumor cell killing or apoptosis and the blocking of immune inhibitory mechanisms to stimulate anti-tumor responses. But, as with other targeted therapies, few antibodies are curative because of biological complexities that underlie tumor formation and redundancies in molecular pathways that enable tumors to adapt and show resistance to treatment. This review discusses the combinations of antibody therapeutics that are emerging to improve efficacy and durability within a specific biological mechanism (e.g., immunomodulation or the inhibition of angiogenesis) and across multiple biological pathways (e.g., inhibition of tumor growth and induction of tumor cell apoptosis).Key words: antibody combination, receptor tyrosine kinase, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, apoptosis, CD20     

鲨源单域抗体的研究进展

单克隆抗体是重要的生物大分子,在免疫检测、体外诊断以及药物开发等领域获得广泛的应用。但是单克隆抗体的分子量大、结构复杂等固有属性正日益成为制约其进一步发展的关键因素。因此,当前迫切需要开发单克隆抗体的替代品。鲨源单域抗体即鲨源新抗原受体可变区(Variabledomainofimmunoglobulinnew antigenreceptor,VNAR),是基于鲨总目鱼类天然存在的新抗原受体(Immunoglobulinnewantigenreceptor,IgNAR)并通过基因工程技术获得的抗原结合域,其分子量仅为12kDa,是目前已知脊椎动物中尺寸最小的抗原结合域。鲨源单域抗体具有分子量小、亲和力高、稳定性强、溶解度好、组织穿透性强以及可识别隐藏抗原表位等优点,在免疫试剂以及药物开发等领域受到广泛的关注。文中综述了鲨源单域抗体的结构及功能特性、制备及人源化改造技术、亲和力成熟策略以及应用领域,并系统性分析了鲨源单域抗体的优缺点,最后对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Emerging antibody combinations in oncology

The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a general approach for specifically targeting and treating human disease. In oncology, the therapeutic utility of mAbs is usually evaluated in the context of treatment with standard of care, as well as other small molecule targeted therapies. Many anti-cancer antibody modalities have achieved validation, including the targeting of growth factor and angiogenesis pathways, the induction of tumor cell killing or apoptosis, and the blocking of immune inhibitory mechanisms to stimulate anti-tumor responses. But, as with other targeted therapies, few antibodies are curative because of biological complexities that underlie tumor formation and redundancies in molecular pathways that enable tumors to adapt and show resistance to treatment. This review discusses the combinations of antibody therapeutics that are emerging to improve efficacy and durability within a specific biological mechanism (e.g., immunomodulation or the inhibition of angiogenesis) and across multiple biological pathways (e.g., inhibition of tumor growth and induction of tumor cell apoptosis).     

单域抗体研究进展

近年来用基因工程方法从软骨鱼和骆驼科动物中克隆到的单域抗体（single—domain antibody,sdAb）具有无轻链、单一重链可变区保留了完整的抗原结合活性的特征。这类单域抗体具有分子小、稳定性高、体内组织渗透性好、可溶性好、易表达、抗原识别表位独特的特性,已引起生物技术研究与诊断治疗应用领域的广泛关注,取得了快速发展。综述了这类单域抗体发展历史、分子类别、结构特征、理化特征、分子演化及应用前景。