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柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是柑橘黄龙病(huanglongbing,HLB)的重要传播媒介。为了利用灯光诱控技术防治柑橘木虱,本实验于室内条件下研究柑橘木虱对波长为360 nm、400 nm、440 nm、480 nm、520 nm、560 nm和600 nm的LED光源和不同光照强度趋光行为反应。结果表明:柑橘木虱对7种单色光都有正趋向性。其中雌雄混合存在时对400 nm的紫光趋向性最强,其次是560 nm的绿光;单独处理时,雌成虫对400 nm的紫光趋性最强,其次是520 nm的绿光,雄成虫则是对520 nm的绿光趋性最强,其次是400 nm的紫光。在200μw/cm 2到1000μw/cm 2的光照强度范围内,随着光照强度的增大,柑橘木虱雄成虫趋光行为逐渐增强,在光照强度为1000μw/cm 2时趋光行为最强,但雌成虫趋光行为变化不明显。该研究表明:柑橘木虱雌雄成虫具有明显的正趋光性,且对光谱和光强的反应存在差异。这一结果可为柑橘木虱田间的灯光诱控提供实验依据。 相似文献
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论害虫生态调控策略与技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
害虫生态调控作为害虫管理的一种"高级"策略,主要基于"预防为主,生态优先,整合治理,精准施策"的原则,通过调节与控制两个相辅相成的过程,整合包括生态调控技术、现代生物技术、农业防治、生物防治、理化诱控技术以及合理的化学防治等手段,构建"经济、简便、有效"的生态工程技术体系,将害虫控制在生态经济阈值水平之下。同时,它也是害虫管理的一种技术,包括景观生态设计、功能植物种植、推拉技术、生态自杀技术、作物合理布局、健康作物环境调控技术等措施。本文重点阐明了作为害虫管理策略与害虫管理技术"二重性"的害虫生态调控概念,明确了害虫生态调控的4项基本原理、6大独特技术和4个指导思想,比较了害虫生态调控策略与害虫综合治理策略的特征,解析了害虫生态调控技术与农业防治、生物防治的区别和联系,指出了未来害虫生态调控发展的趋势。 相似文献
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诱虫灯的研究进展及应用概况 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
诱虫灯是监测昆虫迁飞,扩散,发生期和发生量的重要工具,也是害虫综合治理的有效措施之一,由于灯光诱集的虫量动态是从田间大样本中诱得的。在正常气候条件下。能直接反映田间虫情的实际,因此,诱虫灯作害虫测报及虫情验证,为国内外广泛应用,并有多年历史,国外最早采集昆虫用石蜡和乙炔灯(Forst,1952)。 相似文献
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为评价诱虫灯在芒果园中对芒果主要害虫监测的作用效果,选用频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯等诱虫灯,采取灯光诱集与果园采样调查相结合的方法在海南省东方市岛西林场芒果园进行了芒果害虫的周年监测,比较了3种不同诱虫灯及调查采样收集到的芒果害虫的种类与数量。结果显示,在岛西林场芒果园,诱虫灯诱集到的害虫有29种,调查采集到害虫有24种,诱虫灯和调查采集收集同时监测到的害虫有21种,诱集到数量较多的有红脚丽金龟Anomala cupripes、芒果叶瘿蚊Erosomyia mangicola、绿额翠尺蛾Thalassodes proquadraria和灰白条小卷蛾Atgyroploce aprobola等,表明诱虫灯可用于这些芒果害虫的种类、分布与危害的监测,尤其是对红脚丽金龟、芒果叶瘿蚊、绿额翠尺蛾和灰白条小卷蛾等;明确可以应用频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯对红脚绿金龟等几种重要芒果害虫的年消长动态及种群数量进行监测;不同诱虫灯相比较,黑光灯对红脚丽金龟诱集效果最佳,LED灯对芒果叶瘿蚊诱集效果最好,频振灯对绿额翠尺蛾和灰白条小卷蛾诱集效果最佳。频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯对芒果害虫有良好的诱集作用,但对其天敌也有明显的诱杀作用;频振灯、黑光灯和LED灯所诱集昆虫种类的益害比分别为1∶3.17、1∶0.45和1∶1.23,频振灯对天敌的杀伤作用最小,黑光灯最大。 相似文献
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【背景】降香黄檀被确定为海南省省树后,种植面积迅速增大,但对于其病虫害的监测与防控方面的研究较少。【方法】采用人工采集结合灯光诱集的方法,调查降香黄檀种植区的害虫种类,同时对其危害症状进行了详细描述。【结果】海南降香黄檀害虫共计19种,确定了其中18种的学名,并掌握了各害虫的分类学地位、危害部位及症状。害虫在降香黄檀植株各个组织部位均有分布,其中以叶部的分布数量较大,茎干次之。苗期以食叶性害虫居多;5年生以内的植株上蛀干害虫数量显著增多;老龄植株上的茎干害虫较少。【结论与意义】海南省降香黄檀各生育期均有害虫危害,日后仍需加强对其害虫监测与防控技术的研究。 相似文献
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Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA. 相似文献
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In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity. 相似文献
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The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration. 相似文献
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Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas. 相似文献