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1.
Ghrelin (G-HH) synthesized in several tissues including salivary and stomach glands stimulates appetite in humans by modulating neuropeptide Y neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Loss of appetite is one of the most important symptoms of stomach cancer. We conducted a study using immunohistochemistry to determine whether salivary glands and stomach cancer tissues produce ghrelin. We determined that negative ghrelin immunohistochemistry discriminates tumors from normal tissues and may therefore further our understanding of the clinically important problem of reduced food intake and anorexia in cancer patients. Radioimmunoassay analyses confirmed that cancer cells do not produce a G-HH peptide, whereas normal cells yield this peptide.  相似文献   

2.
Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. We investigated the distribution and morphological characteristics of ghrelin-immunopositive (ghrelin-ip) cells in the African ostrich adrenal gland. We found that the adrenal gland of the African ostrich consisted of three parts: capsule, inter-renal tissue and chromaffin cells. The inter-renal tissue and chromaffin cells interdigitated irregularly. The inter-renal tissue consisted of a peripheral zone and a central inner zone. The peripheral zone could be divided into an outer subcapsular zone and an inner zone. The subcapsular zone cells were arranged as a bow, while the inner area cells formed cords that were perpendicular to the capsule. The central inner zone exhibited irregular clumps and the cells were morphologically similar to chromaffin cells. Ghrelin-ip cells were located throughout the adrenal gland except the capsule. The majority of ghrelin-ip cells were found among the chromaffin cells. The number of ghrelin-ip cells in the inter-renal tissue decreased gradually from the central inner zone, to the inner zone to the subcapsular zone. The ghrelin-ip cells were oval or irregular in shape and exhibited cytoplasmic staining. Our findings suggest that ghrelin may play a role in regulating adrenal hormone secretion in the African ostrich.  相似文献   

3.
Label-retaining cells in the rat submandibular gland.   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
To identify stem cells in salivary glands, label-retaining cells (LRCs) were established in rat submandibular glands. Developing and regenerating glands were labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). To cause gland regeneration, the glands were injured by duct obstruction. BrdU LRCs were observed in all the parenchymal structures except for the acinus of the glands labeled during regeneration. Among these LRCs, a few, but not many, expressed neither keratin18 (K18; an acinar/duct cell marker) nor alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA; a myoepithelial cell marker), and thus were putative stem cells. These (K18 and alphaSMA)(neg) LRCs were invariably observed in the intercalated duct and the excretory duct. In the intercalated duct, they were at the proximal end bordering the acinus (the neck of the intercalated duct). Next, to test the above identification, gland extirpation experiments were performed. LRCs were established by labeling developing glands with iododeoxyuridine (IdU) in place of BrdU. Removal of one submandibular gland forced the IdU-LRCs in the remaining gland to divide. They were labeled with chlorodeoxyuridine (CldU). The (K18 and alphaSMA)(neg) LRCs in the neck of the intercalated duct and in the excretory duct did not change in number or in IdU label. The CldU label appeared in these cells and then disappeared. These results indicate that the (K18 and alphaSMA)(neg) LRCs have divided asymmetrically and are thus considered salivary gland stem cells.  相似文献   

4.
Salivary gland neoplasms exhibit complex histopathology in a variety of tumor types and treatment options depend largely on the stage of the cancer. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) have been investigated for treating induced salivary gland cancer and for restoring salivary gland function. We investigated iPS treatment for salivary gland cancer both in vitro and in vivo. For our study in vitro, we re-programmed human skin fibroblasts to form iPS cells using a plasmid containing Oct4, Sox2, L-MYC and LIN28. For our study in vivo, we used 30 white male albino rats divided into the following groups of 10: group 1 (control): rats were injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), group 2 induced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): rat submandibular glands were injected with squamous carcinoma cells (SCC), group 3 (induced SCC/iPS): SCC treated rats treated with 5 × 106 iPS cells. Submandibular glands from rats of all groups were examined histologically and real time PCR was performed for amylase, and COX I and COX II gene expression. We confirmed that submandibular gland specimens included tumor tissue before starting treatment with iPS. iPS treated cases exhibited regeneration of salivary glands, although minor degenerative and vascularization changes remained. The acinar cells regained their proper organization, but continued to exhibit abnormal activity including hyperchromatism. iPS cells may be useful for treating salivary gland carcinomas.  相似文献   

5.
6.
Type 1 ABO blood group antigens (peripheral core structure: Gal1-3GlcNAc1-R) are expressed mainly in endodermally-derived tissues, but are not synthesized in mesodermally-derived tissues. In the former tissues, H type 1 antigen is generated largely by -2-l-fucosyltransferase encoded by secretor (Se) gene and acting on the terminal galactose of the type 1 precursor chain. This theory has been generally accepted, and it seems that the expression of ABO blood group antigens is absent, or expressed at a low level, in these tissues from non-secretor individuals. In this immunohistochemical study on the secretory cells of salivary glands, we found ethnic difference between German and Japanese non-secretor individuals in the expression of blood group antigens: i.e. the expression of the type 1 blood group antigens is present in these cells from Japanese non-secretor individuals but absent from German. A possible explanation is that another -2-l-fucosyltransferase, independent of the secretor gene, is present in Japanese non-secretor individuals.  相似文献   

7.
    
Objective: We sought to elucidate further the mechanisms leading to weight loss after gastric bypass (GBP) surgery in morbidly obese individuals. Ghrelin is a gastroenteric appetite‐stimulating peptide hormone, fasting levels of which decrease with increasing adiposity and increase with diet‐induced weight loss. In addition, ghrelin levels rapidly decline postprandially. Research Methods and Procedures: We measured serum ghrelin responses to a 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 6 subjects who had undergone GBP surgery 1.5 ± 0.7 years before testing and compared these responses with 6 obese subjects about to undergo GBP surgery, 6 obese nonsurgical subjects (matched for BMI to the post‐GBP surgical group), and 5 lean subjects. Results: Despite weight loss induced by the GBP surgery, fasting serum ghrelin levels were significantly lower in the post‐GBP surgery group than in the lean subject (by 57%) or pre‐GBP surgery (by 45%) group. Serum ghrelin levels during the OGTT were significantly lower in postoperative than in lean, obese pre‐GBP surgical, or obese nonsurgical subjects. The magnitude of the decline in serum ghrelin levels between 0 and 120 minutes post‐OGTT was significantly smaller in postoperative (by 62%), obese pre‐GBP surgical (by 80%), or obese nonsurgical (by 69%) subjects in comparison with lean subjects. Discussion: Serum ghrelin levels in response to OGTT are lower in subjects post‐GBP surgery than in either lean or obese subjects. Tonically low serum ghrelin levels may be involved in the mechanisms inducing sustained weight loss after GBP surgery.  相似文献   

8.
Apyrase activity (ATP diphosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.5) was detected in salivary glands of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. Whole extracts of salivary glands contain approximately 21 ng of protein, 145 U/mg ADP′ase and 158 U/mg ATP′ase activity; AMP is not hydrolysed by salivary gland extracts. DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B anion exchange chromatography, and Cibacron Blue affinity chromatography each give a single coincident peak of ADP/ATP′ase activity. Biogel P-100 gel filtration of salivary gland homogenates made in buffer containing Triton and protease inhibitors, separated enzymatic activity into 57 kD and 44 kD peaks of ADP/ATP′ase activity. Partially purified ADP/ATP′ases are dependent on divalent cations and activation increases between 0.125 mM and 5.0 mM calcium. At 5 mM, magnesium is almost equally effective as calcium in activating ADP/ATP′ase but manganese and zinc are less so, and EDTA abolishes activity. ADP/ATP′ases have a pH optima of 7–9. The Km for ADP hydrolysis by whole extracts and partially purified enzyme is approximately 66 μM ADP. The co-purification of ADP′ase and ATP′ase activity by three physiochemical techniques and parallelism between ADP and ATP hydrolysis under varying conditions of pH and activating cation indicates enzymatic activity is attributable to true apyrase(s).  相似文献   

9.
樊平  邹赛英  赵海华 《生物磁学》2009,(16):3112-3114
目的:检测表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)及表皮生长因子受体Ⅲ型突变体(EGFRvⅢ)在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌发生、发展的关系及其与各,临床病理特征之间的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学染色法(S-P法)检测105例胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃组织中EGFR和EGFRvⅢ蛋白的表达水平,并将检测结果与临床病理参数进行综合分析。结果:胃癌组织及正常胃组织EGFR和EGFRvⅢ的表达率分别为46.67%、35.24%和7.62%、3.81%,胃癌组织表达明显高于正常胃组织(P〈0.01);二者的表达与性别和年龄均无相关性(P〉0.05),与胃癌的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期有相关性(P〈0.05)。结论:EGFR和EGFRvⅢ在胃癌组织中存在高表达,与胃癌的发生、发展有一定关系,并与胃癌的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床分期密切相关。  相似文献   

10.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of salivary gland lesions   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Eighty-eight fine needle aspirates from 79 salivary gland lesions in 77 patients were examined. The overall diagnostic sensitivity was 84% and the specificity 98.41%. When the 14 unsatisfactory specimens were excluded the sensitivity rose to 95.45%. Correct identification of the disease process was possible in nearly 80% of cases with a final benign diagnosis. The histological tumour type was correctly predicted in 75% of the malignancies. In the others the cytological diagnosis was anaplastic malignant neoplasm.  相似文献   

11.
    
Responses of cells in the tick salivary gland to parasitism by Theileria parva were studied by electron microscopy. The gland is composed of three distinct types of acini (I, II, III) which together include ten or more different cell types. Of some 30 infected cells observed in the present study, all were E-cells of acinus III. The parasite thus exhibits a high degree of selectivity for acinus and cell type. The glandular cell invaded undergoes massive hypertrophy and accumulates glycogen deposits in its cytoplasm which may serve as an energy source for the growing intracellular parasite. As synthesis of its secretory material declines the product is packaged in progressively smaller secretory granules. The extensive arrays of endoplasmic reticulum are dismantled and eliminated in autophagic vacuoles. Excess secretory granules are also broken down by crinophagy. After 4 days, sporogony is completed and the host cell contains 30,000–50,000 sporozoites in an electron-lucent cytoplasm largely devoid of cytomembranes and secretory granules. Mitochondria are still present and normal in appearance. The loss of basophilia and secretory granules observed heretofore by light microscopy have been attributed to ingestion and destruction of host organelles by the parasite. The pallid appearance of the cytoplasm has been interpreted as a sign of impending degeneration of the host cell. In electron micrographs no ingestion of organelles by the parasite or degenerative changes were found. The host cell clearly remains viable and metabolically active throughout sporogony. The striking changes in its ultrastructure result from active elimination of organelles and inclusions by the host cell itself in response to parasitism.  相似文献   

12.
    
The use of standardised reporting systems for non-gynaecologic cytopathology has made enormous gains in popularity during the past decade, including for thyroid fine-needle aspiration, urine cytology, serous effusions, pancreas, lymph nodes, lung and more. In February 2018, the first edition of the Atlas of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) was published. The MSRSGC defines six diagnostic fine-needle aspiration categories encompassing the spectrum of non-neoplastic, benign and malignant lesions of the salivary glands. The goal of the MSRSGC is to combine each diagnostic category with a defined risk of malignancy and a specific clinical and/or surgical management algorithm. Since its initial publication in 2018, more than 200 studies and commentaries have been published, confirming the role of the MSRSGC. The second edition of the MSRSGC, published in July 2023, includes refined risks of malignancy based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, a new chapter summarising the use of salivary gland imaging, new advances in ancillary testing and updates in nomenclature.  相似文献   

13.
    
Interobserver variability remains a major challenge for cytopathologists despite the development of standardized reporting and classification systems. Indeed, whereas moderate-to-good interobserver agreement is generally achievable when the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant entities is straightforward, high levels of variability make the diagnostic interpretation of atypical and suspicious samples not consistent. This review explores the landscape of interobserver agreement in cytopathology across different anatomical sites.  相似文献   

14.
Enlarged salivary gland was found to be widespread among wild populations of Glossina pallidipes in Kenya. The incidence of this abnormality varied from 0.9% in Meru National Park in Central Kenya to 5.4% in the Shimba hills area on the Kenya coast. Ultrastructurally, the enlarged glands were multinucleated with lumen reduced substantially in size. A large number of viruses filled both the lumen and the broken pieces of epithelial cytoplasm. In some cases Trypanosoma brucei trypanosomes were seen in the lumen of the enlarged glands. The epithelial cytoplasm was heavily vacuolated. Comment is made on the suitability of the diseased flies as transmitters of T. brucei.  相似文献   

15.
Sustained hyperleptinemia in normal rats induced by infusing a recombinant adenovirus containing the rat leptin cDNA (AdCMV-leptin) exhibited a remarkable reduction in food intake (AdCMV-leptin, 9.3 +/- 2.6 vs untreated, 20.6 +/- 1.0 g/day) and ablated body fat without any significant changes in wet weight of liver and left ventricle. In those hyperleptinemic rats, we found a 52% reduction in wet weight of salivary gland compared with that in the pair-fed AdCMV-beta-gal-treated rats, which received a recombinant virus containing the beta-galactosidase gene (AdCMV-beta-gal) and were fed on the same amount of food as had been consumed by the AdCMV-leptin-treated group on the previous day. Microscopic examination with hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that atrophic change was induced in both serous and mucous gland only in the AdCMV-leptin-treated group, but not in the pair-fed controls. Thus, the atrophic changes in hyperleptinemic rats were due to neither a decrease of food intake nor disuse of the salivary gland related with anorexia. Our data suggested that size of the salivary gland was controlled, at lease in part, by "non-anorexic" effect of leptin.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (GC) is a distinct subtype with characteristic clinicopathological features. To better characterize its cellular characteristics, 43 cases of EBV-associated GC, 68 cases of EBV-negative GC, and non-neoplastic gastric mucosa in adults and fetuses were examined immunohistochemically. We quantified the expression of the major tight-junction protein claudin (CLDN) -1, -3, -4, -7, and -18 together with gastric mucins (MUC5AC and MUC6), intestinal mucin (MUC2), and CD10. EBV-associated GC showed a high frequency of CLDN18 expression (84%) and a low frequency of CLDN3 expression (5%). This expression profile corresponded to that of normal gastric epithelium in adults and fetuses. Almost half of the EBV-associated GC cases demonstrated gastric mucin expression, whereas the other half lacked mucin or CD10 expression. In contrast, as demonstrated by the expression profiles of CLDN3 and CLDN18, EBV-negative GC comprised a heterogeneous group of four different CLDN phenotypes: gastric, intestinal, mixed, and an undifferentiated type with variable expression patterns of mucins. These results indicate that EBV-associated GC is considerably homogenous with regard to cellular differentiation and that it preserves well the nature of the cells of origin. EBV-associated GC may undergo distinct carcinogenic processes, which differ from those of EBV-negative GC. (J Histochem Cytochem 57:775–785, 2009)  相似文献   

18.
    
Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, has been identified in mammals, fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles and some plants. The present investigation was designed to determine whether ghrelin is present in the appetite-stimulating plants Syzygium aromaticum and Salvadora persica, using IHC (immunohistochemistry) to indicate the location of the peptide and ELISA to measure the concentration. ELISA demonstrated that a ghrelin-like substance was present at concentrations of 4070.75±664.67 and 75.25±24.49 pg/mg in the tissues of flower bud of S. aromaticum and branch of S. persica, respectively. The concentration of ghrelin in human salivary gland tissue was 436.00±95.83 pg/mg. Ghrelin was predominantly localized to the T (trachea) and PCs (parenchyma cells) in the flower bud of S. aromaticum. However, no ghrelin immunoreactivity was observed in the PC or T of the branch of S. persica. The evolutionary role of this peptide hormone in plants and animals suggests that they have evolved in a more similar way than previously thought.  相似文献   

19.
SD大鼠和Beagle犬大唾液腺的形态学观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
潘玉英  白文霞  苏宁 《四川动物》2005,24(4):620-622,F0004
目的-研究及观察SD大鼠和Beagle犬大唾液腺正常比较组织学.方法-SD大鼠和Beagle犬三对大唾液腺剖取后进行石蜡切片、HE染色和PAS染色,光学显微镜观察.结果-SD大鼠腮腺是纯浆液腺,Beagle犬腮腺属混合腺,以浆液性腺泡为主,偶见小的粘液细胞群.SD大鼠的下颌下腺属于以浆液腺泡为主的混合腺,Beagle犬的下颌下腺属于以粘液腺泡为主的混合腺.SD大鼠与Beagle犬的舌下腺均为粘液性腺泡为主的混合腺.Beagle犬的眶腺亦是以纯粘液性腺泡为主的混合腺结构.  相似文献   

20.
Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is one of the most common malignancies in the oral and maxillofacial region. Carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAF) is an important component in the tumor microenvironment and participates in SACC progression. In this study, we established a CAF cell line derived from a human SACC and named it CAF-SA. It was identified that CAF-SA expressed typical CAF biomarkers. Then, we studied the cellular communications between CAF-SA, tumor cells and endothelial cells. It was found that CAF-SA promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation of SACC tumor cells in vitro. In addition, tube formation by endothelial cells was enhanced by CAF-SA. In vivo experiment showed that SACC cells formed larger xenografts in nude mice when they were transplanted with CAF-SA. Overall, we demonstrated that CAF-SA exhibited the most important defining feature of CAF by promoting cancer progression.  相似文献   

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