生物反应器及其研究技术进展

阐述了生物反应器设计、放大的新理念及关键技术发展,并在此基础上综述了应用于生物技术产品生产的生物反应器的主要发展趋势,包括以代谢流分析为核心的生物反应器系统、基于计算流体力学模拟技术的传统发酵罐改良、微型生物反应器、动物细胞反应器和酶反应器。     

发展我国大规模细胞培养生物反应器装备制造业

生物反应器在生物工程装备制造业的产业化方面具有极其重要的意义。在分析了生物反应器产业的产品特点后,对我国生物反应器产业的现状和今后发展作了讨论。对以代谢流分析为核心的生物反应器、带pH测量与补料控制的摇床、动物细胞大规模培养生物反应器研制、生物反应器中试系统设计、大型生物反应器设计与制造技术研究等几个重要开发内容进行深入讨论,最后对细胞过程的系统生物学研究与生物反应器作了展望。     

植物细胞培养生物反应器的种类特点及展望

生物反应器技术应用于植物细胞培养既可以打破环境条件的限制,又有助于生产过程的人为调控,为植物细胞大规模培养或工厂化直接生产植物细胞有用代谢产物创造了条件,是当前植物细胞培养工作的研究热点。在介绍植物细胞培养特点的基础上,对适用于植物细胞培养的各类生物反应器(搅拌式生物反应器、非搅拌式生物反应器、用于植物细胞固定化培养的生物反应器、光生物反应器以及一次性培养生物反应器)的原理、优缺点等进行比较分析,最后提出了植物细胞培养生物反应器研究的发展方向,以期为植物细胞培养生物反应器的选择及改良提供参考。     

生物反应器相关专利分析

生物反应器（bioreactor）是利用酶或生物体（如微生物）所具有的生物功能而进行生化反应的装置系统．如发酵罐．在各种生物加工过程中占据中心位置。从反应过程上看．根据培养对象的不同．生物反应器可以简单分为3类：微生物反应器和酶反应器、动植物细胞大规模培养生物反应器以及转基因动植物细胞生物反应器。     

封闭式光生物反应器研究进展

国际上80～90年代,封闭式光生物反应器是微藻生物技术的重要研究热点,也是微藻生物技术产业化的关键技术之一。本文较全面地介绍了用于微藻大规模培养的封闭式光生物反应器研究现状。将封闭式光生物反应器分为柱式、管式、板式和光导纤维反应器等类型。工业放大前景的管式和板式光生物反应器采取了典型个案分析的方法,列表比较了典型反应器的主要技术参数,并对它们的技术发展趋势进行了归纳总结。     

微藻养殖反应器分类及生物质产率计算方法

微藻养殖的本质是光能转化,而光线的接收和传递受反应器形状和排布方式的影响非常大.实验室中的微藻养殖反应器主要有两种,锥形瓶和柱型广口瓶,前者的光程比后者短得多.室外微藻养殖实例较少,开放池和光生物反应器的大小、形状和排布方式差异大,光程的计算和比较更复杂.为了便于比较和推算不同类型反应器的光合作用参数和生物质产率,本文分别讨论了圆柱形反应器(玻璃反应瓶、平行管式和立柱式反应器)和长方形反应器(开放池和板式反应器)的容积、表面积及占地面积生物质产率的计算方法,并给出了不同产率的换算关系.本文还介绍了光程(LP)、藻液受光率(S/V)和藻液占地率( V/L)等表征反应器光合效率的参数.     

植物细胞大规模培养生物反应器研制概况

本文对植物细胞培养中使用的搅拌式生物反应器,气升式生物反应器,固定化细胞生物反应器,光照培养生物反应器和其它新型生物反应器装置进行了全面的评述。     

植物生物反应器在分子医药农业中的应用

植物生物反应器作为分子医药农业的核心内容,与动物反应器和微生物反应器相比具有操作简便、成本低、规模化、周期短等优势,越来越多地被人们认识和应用。阐述了植物生物反应器转化载体构建和基因优化的方法、常用的植物受体种类,以及植物表达系统类型三个方面的研究进展。随着药用蛋白需求量的大幅度增加,植物生物反应器以其低成本的优势将显示出广阔的应用前景。     

利用生物反应器培养植物细胞的研究进展(Ⅱ)

介绍了当前用于植物细胞培养的生物反应器类型(搅拌式、气升式、转鼓式和鼓泡式生物反应器)及其特点,对各种类型的反应器进行了比较与选择;并进一步介绍了植物细胞固定化培养,提出今后利用反应器大规模培养植物细胞的发展研究方向。     

固定化细胞技术在废水处理中的应用

废水生化处理是目前国内外净化水源的主要技术之一。生物工程中规模最大的生物反应器应该是废水处理生物反应器,这些生物反应器的日处理水量都在百吨、千吨、甚至在万吨     

气升式生物反应器在杂交瘤细胞培养中的应用

前述研究工作基础上,设计开发了10L规模的动物细胞培养用气升式生物反应器。应用该生物反应器悬浮培养杂交瘤细胞．通过平行试验,考察了该反应器设计的合理性和可靠性。结果显示该反应器不存在限制细胞生长、代谢和产物生成的因素,而且细胞破损技彻底消除,表明该气升式生物反应器给细胞生长、代谢和产物生成提供了理想的培养环境,其设计是成功的。     

Growth of hairy root cultures of strawberry (Fragaria ¥ ananassa Duch.) in three different types of bioreactors

Hairy roots of strawberry were cultivated in three different types of bioreactors: an air-sparged bioreactor (control), a droplet bioreactor and a mist bioreactor. The highest biomass yields (3.7 g dry wt/l) were achieved in the air-sparged and in the mist bioreactor. In the droplet bioreactor the cultivation medium was insufficiently atomized into droplets and nutrient uptake and growth were slower due to uneven wetting of hairy roots.     

The kinetics of nicotine degradation,enzyme activities and genotoxic potential in the characterization of tobacco waste composting

This study aimed to determine nicotine biodegradation and the genotoxic potential of nicotine and its degradation products during the process of tobacco waste composting. Composting was carried out using two methods, i.e. the addition of 20% (bioreactor A) or 40% tobacco wastes to sewage sludge (bioreactor B) and control – sewage sludge (bioreactor C). Wheat straw was used as a structure-forming material. As a result of composting the contents of C and N in the bioreactors changed, the C:N ratio in bioreactor A changed from 22.8 to 13.00, and that in bioreactor B changed from 23.5 to 12.00. After composting, the biodegradation rate of nicotine was 78% in bioreactor A and 80% in bioreactor B, respectively. Using the Ames test it was shown that the composts produced did not exhibit mutagenicity.     

“Organized stress” for robust scale-up of intensified production process with fed-batch seed bioreactor

Process intensification has been widely used for many years in the mammalian biomanufacturing industry to increase productivity, agility and flexibility while reducing production costs. The most commonly used intensified processes are operated using a perfusion or fed-batch seed bioreactor enabling a higher than usual seeding density in the fed-batch production bioreactor. Hence, as part of the growth phase is shifted to the seed bioreactor, there is a lower split ratio, which increases the criticality of the seed bioreactor and could impact production performance. Therefore, such intensified processes should be designed and characterized for robust process scale-up. This research work is focused on intensified processes with high seeding density inoculated from seed bioreactor in fed-batch mode. The impact of the feeding strategy and specific power input (P/V) in the seed bioreactor and on the production step with two different cell lines (CL1 and CL2) producing two different monoclonal antibodies was investigated. Cell culture performance in the production bioreactor has been improved due to more stressful conditions for the cells in the seed bioreactor and the impact of the production bioreactor P/V on the production performance was limited. This is the first reported study highlighting a positive impact of cellular stress in seed bioreactors on intensified production bioreactor with the introduction of the “organized stress” concept.     

VERO细胞生物反应器放大培养初探

目的:研究用生物反应器放大进行Vero细胞微载体培养,实现生物反应器之间Veto细胞放大培养.方法:5L微载体生物反应器以10g/L微载体浓度培养Vero细胞,96h时经漂洗、消化、接种于30L微载体生物反应器,实现放大后的30L微载体生物反应器细胞怏速增殖,期间对不同时期的微载体细胞进行细胞计数、细胞代谢分析和形态观察.结果:5L生物反应器细胞经过96h灌注培养,平均细胞密度达到7.81×10~6cells/mL.5L微载体细胞放大到30L微载体生物反应器,平均细胞收获率为32.3%;放大到30L生物反应器后经过144h培养,细胞密度达到9.19×10~6cells/mL;放大后的细胞代谢途径依然以葡萄糖氧化代谢乳酸为主.结论:生物反应器由5L到30L进行Veto细胞放大培养是可行的.     

A novel centrifugal impeller bioreactor. I. Fluid circulation, mixing, and liquid velocity profiles

A novel centrifugal impeller bioreactor for shear-sensitive biological systems was designed by installing a centrifugal-pumplike impeller in a stirred vessel. The fluid circulation, mixing, and liquid velocity profiles in the new bioreactor (5-L) were assessed as functions of the principal impeller designing and bioreactor operating parameters. The performances of the centrifugal impeller bioreactor were compared with those of a widely used cell-lift bioreactor. The newly developed bioreactor showed higher liquid lift capacity and shorter mixing time than the cell lift with comparable dimensions. Furthermore, the experiments of the liquid velocity profiles around an impeller region indicated that the centrifugal impeller bioreactor produced lower shear stress than the cell lift. This conclusion was also supported by evaluating the changes in size distributions of granulated agar particles that were sheared with those two types of impeller.     

植物组织培养生物反应器技术研究进展

从植物大规模组织培养的特点、反应器类型和反应器中微环境等方面介绍了生物反应器技术在药用植物微繁殖和天然产物细胞生产中的研究进展。     

膜生物反应器的研究进展

膜生物反应器是近年来发展的废水处理新技术,具有活性污泥浓度高、污泥龄长、占地面积小、投资省的特点。利用膜生物反应器进行污水处理不仅可以大大节约水资源,还可以大大节约能源,节省设备和运行费用,已成为二十一世纪研究热点。膜生物反应器是通过高效膜分离技术与活性污泥相结合,增大污泥中的特效菌来加快生化反应速率,提高废水处理效果。目前处理对象已从生活污水扩展到高浓度的有机废水和难降解的工业废水。本文综述了膜生物反应器在废水中的应用研究情况,并分析比较了各种膜材质的特点、适用范围以及膜的污染因素和清洗方法,展望了膜生物反应器的应用前景及进一步研究方向。     

Azadirachtin production in stirred tank reactors by Azadirachta indica suspension culture

Successful scale-up of Azadirachta indica suspension culture for azadirachtin production was done in stirred tank bioreactor with two different impellers. The kinetics of biomass accumulation, nutrient consumption and azadirachtin production of A. indica cell suspension culture were studied in a stirred tank bioreactor equipped with centrifugal impeller and compared with similar bioreactor with a setric impeller to investigate the role of O₂ transfer efficiency of centrifugal impeller bioreactor on overall culture metabolism. The maximum cell mass for centrifugal impeller bioreactor and stirred tank bioreactor (with setric impeller) were 18.7 and 15.5 g/L (by dry cell weight) and corresponding azadirachtin concentrations were 0.071 and 0.05 g/L, respectively. Glucose and phosphate were identified as the major growth-limiting nutrients during the bioreactor cultivation. The centrifugal impeller bioreactor demonstrated less shearing and improved O₂ transfer than the stirred tank bioreactor equipped with setric impeller with respect to biomass and azadirachtin production.