高产谷胱甘肽的酵母融合菌株的选育及其培养条件的研究

通过初筛、单倍体分离、诱变及原生质体融合技术选育到一株谷胱甘肽产量明显提高的融合菌株ZJF71,其谷胱甘肽产量分别为亲株的1.59和1.42倍。并对其培养条件进行了研究,结果表明碳源、装液量和培养时间对融合菌株ZJF71生产谷胱甘肽的影响较为显著。在优化的培养条件下,发酵液中谷胱甘肽总量达到185.3mg/L,为初始培养条件下的2.8倍。经遗传稳定性分析,证明融合菌株ZJF-71是遗传稳定的。     

优良酿酒酵母（面包酵母）三倍体菌株的选育

通过初筛、单倍体分离、诱变、原生质体融合及杂交等育种技术选育出一株具有高生物量、耐高糖、强絮凝性能的优良酿酒酵母(面包酵母)三倍体菌株 zLFH-121,其生物量分别为原始亲株 BL68、BL92、L77 的 1.22、1.33 与 1.83 倍;絮凝性能明显优于原始亲株 BL68、BL92。并对其培养条件进行了优化研究,结果表明三倍体菌株 zLFH-121能够很好地利用糖蜜培养基,并表现出良好的絮凝能力。在优化的培养条件下,生物量提高至 93．82g／L (湿重),为初始培养条件下的 1.30倍。经遗传稳定性分析,证明三倍体菌株 zLFH-121 遗传稳定,是一株具有潜在应用价值的优良酿酒酵母(面包酵母)菌株。     

优良酿酒酵母(面包酵母)三倍体菌株的选育*

通过初筛、单倍体分离、诱变、原生质体融合及杂交等育种技术选育出一株具有高生物量、耐高糖、强絮凝性能的优良酿酒酵母(面包酵母)三倍体菌株ZLFH-121,其生物量分别为原始亲株BL68、BL92、L77的1.22、1.33与1.83倍;絮凝性能明显优于原始亲株BL68、BL92。并对其培养条件进行了优化研究,结果表明三倍体菌株ZLFH-121能够很好地利用糖蜜培养基,并表现出良好的絮凝能力。在优化的培养条件下,生物量提高至93.82g/L(湿重),为初始培养条件下的1.30倍。经遗传稳定性分析,证明三倍体菌株ZLFH–121遗传稳定,是一株具有潜在应用价值的优良酿酒酵母(面包酵母)菌株。     

优良酿酒酵母(面包酵母)三倍体菌株的选育

通过初筛、单倍体分离、诱变、原生质体融合及杂交等育种技术选育出一株具有高生物量、耐高糖、强絮凝性能的优良酿酒酵母(面包酵母)三倍体菌株ZLFH-121,其生物量分别为原始亲株BL68、BL92、L77的1.22、1.33与1.83倍;絮凝性能明显优于原始亲株BL68、BL92.并对其培养条件进行了优化研究,结果表明三倍体菌株ZLFH-121能够很好地利用糖蜜培养基,并表现出良好的絮凝能力.在优化的培养条件下,生物量提高至93.82g/L(湿重),为初始培养条件下的1.30倍.经遗传稳定性分析,证明三倍体菌株ZLFH-121遗传稳定,是一株具有潜在应用价值的优良酿酒酵母(面包酵母)菌株.     

麦角固醇高产菌的选育

采用一种改进的测定麦角固醇的方法对167株不同种属的醇母菌细胞的麦角固醇含量进行了分析,从中获得两株麦角固醇含量比生产菌高2—3倍的菌株。研究了培养条件等对细胞麦角固醇含量及细胞生物量的影响。     

麦角固醇产生菌Torullopsis famata优化发酵条件的研究

从12株产麦角固醇的酶母菌株中,筛选出一株麦角固醇产量较高的酵母菌（无名球拟酵母Torullopsis famata）,并对其产麦角固醇的条件进行了研究,结果表明：麦角固醇发酵的最佳条件为以蔗糖及复合氨源（黄豆粉＋NaNO3）为C、N源,温度28℃,pH5.5,装量250ml三角瓶装20ml,时间96h。麦角固醇的含量可达细胞干重的1.80%,平均产量可达74mg/100ml。     

酵母菌产麦角固醇发酵条件的研究

为了提高酵母菌麦角固醇的产量,采用摇瓶培养法,对筛选出的一株酵母菌YN2产麦角固醇发酵条件进行了研究。结果表明,酵母菌YN2产麦角固醇适宜的培养基配方为：酵母粉1％,牛肉膏2．5％,葡萄糖8％,K2HPO4 0．3％,MgSO4 0．15％,该菌株产麦角固醇最适培养条件为：培养温度28℃,起始pH6．5,发酵时间72h。在优化的实验条件下,麦角固醇含量可达2．2％,100ml发酵液中麦角固醇产量达25．30mg。     

高生物量富铁酵母菌的选育及其发酵条件的研究

对402株不同种属的酵母菌株进行初筛、复筛,筛选到一株生物量较高的二倍体菌株ZY-46(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和一株铁富集量较高的二倍体菌株ZY-173(Saccharomyces kluyveri)。然后以它们为出发菌,分别进行单倍体分离、硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变,并通过原生质体融合,得到一株高生物量富铁酵母融合菌株ZYF-15。在优化的发酵条件下,该融合菌株生物量可达11．2g／L,细胞铁含量达24．5mg／g干细胞,细胞总铁含量分别比原始亲株ZY-46和ZY-173提高了2．6倍和1．9倍。     

不同来源鼠李糖乳杆菌的随机扩增多态DNA分析

[目的]建立鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Lr)菌株之间的分子鉴别方法并分析不同分离株之间的遗传多样性.[方法]从56份采集自中国新疆和田和广西巴马瑶族自治县的长寿老人粪便样本中分离得到的乳酸菌中,经生理生化分析和API 50CHL试验条鉴定,获得10株Lr.对10株Lr分离株和1株Lr标准株ATCC7469进行了随机扩增多态DNA分析,从50条随机引物中筛选到5条在菌株水平上具有鉴别力的引物P14、OPG28、OPG25、P7和P4并建立和优化了Lr菌株RAPD指纹图谱扩增方法.根据RAPD结果计算菌株间的遗传相似系数并进行聚类分析.[结果]获得了清晰稳定的DNA指纹图谱,扩增产物大小在100～2000bp之间,菌株间呈现显著的DNA多态性,不同来源的Lr分离株的遗传相似系数在0.581～0.935之间,在相似系数0.80水平上可以将11株Lr菌株分为5个类群,其中分离自新疆和田的Lr菌株归在类群B和类群C,而分离自广西巴马瑶族自治县的Lr菌株归在类群D和类群E.[结论]应用RAPD方法对Lr菌株进行分子鉴别是可行的,不同来源的Lr之间存在着较大的种内遗传多态性和不同的亲缘关系.     

尼泊尔马桑根瘤内生菌纯培养物的质粒检测

采用胶内裂解法快速检测了21株马桑根瘤内生菌纯培养物和4株弗兰克氏菌参考菌株的质粒,其中有5株马桑分离菌株和1株参考菌株含有质粒。除马桑菌株和参考菌株各有1株携带2个质粒外,其它菌株均只含有1个质粒。这些质粒的分子量约为13～20kb。根据所含质粒的大小和数目,将21株马桑分离菌株划分成4个质粒类群。实验还对菌丝体生长,细胞酶解和裂解等条件对质粒检测效果的影响进行了探讨。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.