昆虫细胞-杆状病毒表达系统表达尿激酶原*

在转瓶和2L搅拌反应器中,利用重组杆状病毒AcNPV感染sf9昆虫细胞表达尿激酶原。在转瓶中,细胞接毒密度1．2×10⁶／mL、MOI=30时,尿激酶原活性达到1065IU／mL研究了尿激酶原表达过程中葡萄糖、乳酸的代谢变化。实验结果表明细胞状态对尿激酶原的表达水平有显著影响。     

微载体高密度培养Vero细胞的研究

微载体是动物细胞高密度培养的有效手段。首先在硅化的方瓶中对Cytodex 1、Cy-todex 3、Biosilon、Bellco Glass Microcarrier、CT-1、CT-3、MC-1、CT-28种国产和进口微载体进行了比较和筛选。确定以Biosilon作为Vero细胞高密度培养的首选微载体。用500mlWheaton搅拌瓶探索影响Vero细胞高密度培养的条件,表明50～60mg/ml的微载体浓度、1～2×10⁶/ml的细胞接种密度、适当的通气(95％O_2+5％CO₂)对该细胞的高密度培养具有重要意义。在200ml培养体积的Wheaton搅拌瓶中,微载体浓度为50～60mg/ml,细胞接种密度为9.24×10⁵/ml,搅拌速度为65～85r/min,经25d培养,Vero细胞密度可达2.34×10⁷/ml,表明50～60mg/ml的微载体浓度对培养细胞没有毒性。接着在1.5L CelliGen生物反应器中进行培养,细胞接种密度为4.98×10⁵/ml,培养体积为1.2L,日灌流量从0.20L逐渐加大到3.65L,经22d连接灌流培养,最终细胞密度可达2.05×10⁷/ml。     

悬浮培养HEK-293 N3S细胞生产重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的实验研究

利用5L生物反应器悬浮培养HEK-293 N3S细胞生产携带绿色荧光蛋白基因的重组腺病毒(recombinant adenovirus-green fluorescent protein,Ad-GFP),为规模化生产腺病毒基因药物建立一种稳定可行的生产工艺。复苏的种子细胞进行逐级放大最后接入5L搅拌式生物反应器中,采用含5％胎牛血清（FBS）的DMEM/F12培基灌流培养293 N3S细胞,当细胞密度达到(2～4)×10⁶个/mL时感染Ad-GFP,48h后收获细胞,经两步氯化铯超速离心获得纯化的Ad-GFP。采用紫外分光光度计比色法和高压液相色谱法（HPLC）测定病毒颗粒数和纯度,采用组织培养半数感染剂量（TCID₅₀）法检测腺病毒的感染滴度。连续培养10～12d,细胞密度可达到(2～4)×10⁶6个/mL左右,纯化的Ad-GFP感染滴度和颗粒数分别为1.0×10¹¹IU/mL和1.68×10¹²VP/mL,比活性为6.0%,A₂₆₀A₂₈₀比值为1.33,产品纯度达到99.2%。建立了5L生物反应器悬浮培养293 N3S细胞生产重组腺病毒Ad-GFP的生产工艺,对携带其他基因的重组腺病毒药物生产具有一定的指导意义。     

多孔微球固定化CHO工程细胞生产rt-PA的研究

以Cytopore多孔微球固定产重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rtPA)CHO工程细胞株4B3,在2L搅拌式生物反应器用无血清培养基DF5S连续灌流培养。4B3细胞的最大活细胞密度和rtPA生产水平分别达到8.83×10⁶/mL和12473 IU/mL。含rtPA的4B3细胞培养上清经MPG吸附层析和Lysine-sepharose 4B亲和层析两步纯化,rt-PA的纯度达到98%。     

多孔微载体无血清培养rCHO细胞生产u-PA

在30L搅拌式反应器中无血清培养分泌尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(u-PA)的DNA重组CHO细胞,定期部分更换Cytopore多孔微载体,使生长在多孔微载体中的细胞不断更新繁殖,解决大规模细胞培养中的细胞凋亡问题。在91d连接换液培养过程中,细胞密度可维持在(1.3～2.6)×107/mL,活细胞比率维持在90%以上。在7.5L搅拌罐中培养细胞,利用外部周期性压力振荡刺激并结合载体更新技术,可减轻密度效应对细胞生长和表达的影响,在一定程度上提高细胞在高密度培养条件下的表达水平。在67d连续换液培养中,细胞最高密度为2.64×10⁷/mL,活细胞比率维持在95%以上。与稳压操作相比,利用周期变压刺激技术可提高产量10%～20%,且可降低葡萄糖厌氧代谢生成乳酸的转化率,利用4步纯化工艺,从含u-PA约135g的2100 L上清中获得约80guPA(单链比例约为90%)。     

昆虫细胞(Sf21)悬浮培养过程中生长限制性基质间歇补加技术的应用

基于Sf21昆虫细胞在悬浮培养过程中所表现出的生长代谢特征,提出以培养液中残糖浓度作为控制参数,并利用限制性基质(葡萄糖和蛋白水解物)的间歇补加技术调控细胞生长的方案。实际控制表明：与批培养相比,Sf21细胞在两种具代表性的昆虫细胞培养基(IPL-41和TC-100)中的生长期和稳定期都得到了有效的延长。TC-100培养液中最高细胞培养密度由3.0×10⁶ cells/mL提高到6.5×10⁶ cells/mL;IPL41培养液中最高细胞培养密度则由7.05×10⁶ cells/mL提高到9.0×10⁶cells/mL。由于限制性基质的间歇补加技术是利用较确定的营养成分来代替复杂昂贵的补料培养基,因此更适合于昆虫细胞的大规模高密度培养。     

搅拌式生物反应器中造血细胞的灌注培养

为了消除造血细胞静态培养中存在的浓度梯度和搅拌悬浮培养时换液引起的波动,为造血细胞体外扩增提供更理想的培养环境和操作方式,利用自主开发的造血细胞重力沉降截留系统结合有溶氧和pH控制的生物反应器进行了脐血造血细胞的灌注培养。两次灌注培养中总细胞分别扩增11.5和18.6倍,扩增倍数最大时,CFU-Mix分别扩增23.2倍和20.4倍、 CFU-GM扩增13.9倍和21.5倍、BFU-E 扩增8.0倍和6.9倍、CD34⁺细胞扩增17.1倍和15.4倍。培养到12d时,第一次实验由267×10⁶单个核细胞扩增得到1082×10⁶个总细胞,6.31×10⁶个CFU-GM,6.2×10⁶个CFU-Mix和23×10⁶个CD34⁺细胞;第二次实验由180×10⁶单个核细胞扩增得到1.080×10⁶个总细胞,4.65×10⁶个CFU-GM,11.0×10⁶个CFU-Mix和25.0×10⁶个CD34⁺细胞,这达到了临床规模,由于控制了较低的溶氧和稳定的培养环境,细胞中干/祖细胞含量显著高于方瓶。但灌注培养到后期细胞密度达到较高后,细胞生长受到抑制,这应该是由细胞密度过高本身所引起。搅拌式反应器中进行灌注培养有利于造血干/祖细胞的进一步扩增,培养得到的细胞中干/祖细胞含量较高,培养规模达到了临床要求,但过高的细胞密度将对造血细胞的生长产生抑制。     

葡萄糖的添加对昆虫细胞Sf21悬浮生长的影响

添加葡萄糖对昆虫细胞Sf21(Spodoptera frugiperda)悬浮生长的影响,发现补加糖量在lg／L时·能明显提高细胞生长的速度和最高密度,细胞最高密度由2．5×10⁴／ml增加到4.9×10⁶／ml; 朴加糖量在2g／L时,则有显著的抑制作用,即使增加接种密度．细胞生长的最高密度也只有2．1×10⁶／ml。当采取流加葡萄糖方法来培养细胞时,则其生长的最大密度可提高到5．2×10⁶／ml。     

人心肌肌钙蛋白T的纯化和单克隆抗体的制备

从人左室心肌中成功纯化心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT). 经匀浆, 70℃加热处理, 咪唑盐酸透析, DEAE-纤维素层析, 100g心肌获取cTnT 5mg, 纯度为97.6%. 同时采用脾内免疫法, 免疫Balb/C小鼠, 经细胞融合, 筛选, 克隆化得5株稳定分泌抗人cTnT单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞(G₃, G₈, G₁₀, A₅, A₇), 4株为IgM, 1株为IgG, 染色体数目92～110条. 腹水效价为3.2×10^-6～1. 6×10^-7.     

人参培养细胞的单细胞克隆

培养基组成成分能影响人参培养细胞单细胞克隆的植板率。Ms培养基中2,4－D和KT需要一个适合的浓度比才能有效地促进细胞克隆的形成,其最佳浓度组合是2,4－D1．5mg／L和KT O．5mg／L。适合人参细胞克隆形成的NH₄N0₃浓度是400mg／L,CaCl₂.2H₂O浓度是750mg／L。向培养基中补加适量的琥珀酸、精氨酸和维生素等都能明显提高植板率。通过优化培养基的组成成分,细胞克隆的植板率可增加到2.34倍。悬浮培养两周左右的细胞平板培养最有利克隆形成,当细胞植板密度低于4×10³个细胞／ml时,几乎没有克隆形成。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.