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1.
The human mitochondrial outer membrane protein mitoNEET is a novel target of the type II diabetes drug pioglitazone. The C-terminal cytosolic domain of mitoNEET hosts a redox-active [2Fe-2S] cluster via an unusual ligand arrangement of three cysteine residues and one histidine residue. Here we report that human mitoNEET [2Fe-2S] clusters are fully reduced when expressed in Escherichia coli cells. In vitro studies show that purified mitoNEET [2Fe-2S] clusters can be partially reduced by monothiols such as reduced glutathione, l-cysteine or N-acetyl-l-cysteine and fully reduced by dithiothreitol or the E. coli thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system under anaerobic conditions. Importantly, thiol-reduced mitoNEET [2Fe-2S] clusters can be reversibly oxidized by hydrogen peroxide without disruption of the clusters in vitro and in E. coli cells, indicating that mitoNEET may act as a sensor of oxidative signals to regulate mitochondrial functions via its [2Fe-2S] clusters. Furthermore, the binding of the type II diabetes drug pioglitazone in mitoNEET effectively inhibits the thiol-mediated reduction of [2Fe-2S] clusters, suggesting that pioglitazone may modulate the function of mitoNEET by blocking the thiol-mediated reduction of [2Fe-2S] clusters in the protein. 相似文献
2.
Stella Vitt Kesen Ma Eberhard Warkentin Johanna Moll Antonio J. Pierik Seigo Shima Ulrich Ermler 《Journal of molecular biology》2014
The reversible redox reaction between coenzyme F420 and H2 to F420H2 is catalyzed by an F420-reducing [NiFe]-hydrogenase (FrhABG), which is an enzyme of the energy metabolism of methanogenic archaea. FrhABG is a group 3 [NiFe]-hydrogenase with a dodecameric quaternary structure of 1.25 MDa as recently revealed by high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy. We report on the crystal structure of FrhABG from Methanothermobacter marburgensis at 1.7 Å resolution and compare it with the structures of group 1 [NiFe]-hydrogenases, the only group structurally characterized yet. FrhA is similar to the large subunit of group 1 [NiFe]-hydrogenases regarding its core structure and the embedded [NiFe]-center but is different because of the truncation of ca 160 residues that results in similar but modified H2 and proton transport pathways and in suitable interfaces for oligomerization. The small subunit FrhG is composed of an N-terminal domain related to group 1 enzymes and a new C-terminal ferredoxin-like domain carrying the distal and medial [4Fe-4S] clusters. FrhB adopts a novel fold, binds one [4Fe-4S] cluster as well as one FAD in a U-shaped conformation and provides the F420-binding site at the Si-face of the isoalloxazine ring. Similar electrochemical potentials of both catalytic reactions and the electron-transferring [4Fe-4S] clusters, determined to be E°′ ≈ − 400 mV, are in full agreement with the equalized forward and backward rates of the FrhABG reaction. The protein might contribute to balanced redox potentials by the aspartate coordination of the proximal [4Fe-4S] cluster, the new ferredoxin module and a rather negatively charged FAD surrounding. 相似文献
3.
The human mitochondrial outer membrane protein mitoNEET is a newly discovered target of the type 2 diabetes drug pioglitazone. Structurally, mitoNEET is a homodimer with each monomer containing an N-terminal transmembrane α helix tethered to the mitochondrial outer membrane and a C-terminal cytosolic domain hosting a redox-active [2Fe–2S] cluster. Genetic studies have shown that mitoNEET has a central role in regulating energy metabolism in mitochondria. However, the specific function of mitoNEET remains largely elusive. Here we find that the mitoNEET [2Fe–2S] clusters can be efficiently reduced by Escherichia coli thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase in an NADPH-dependent reaction. Purified human glutathione reductase has the same activity as E. coli thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase to reduce the mitoNEET [2Fe–2S] clusters. However, rat thioredoxin reductase, a human thioredoxin reductase homolog that contains selenocysteine in the catalytic center, has very little or no activity to reduce the mitoNEET [2Fe–2S] clusters. N-ethylmaleimide, a potent thiol modifier, completely inhibits human glutathione reductase from reducing the mitoNEET [2Fe–2S] clusters, indicating that the redox-active disulfide in the catalytic center of human glutathione reductase may be directly involved in reducing the mitoNEET [2Fe–2S] clusters. Additional studies reveal that the reduced mitoNEET [2Fe–2S] clusters in mouse heart cell extracts can be reversibly oxidized by hydrogen peroxide without disruption of the clusters, suggesting that the mitoNEET [2Fe–2S] clusters may undergo redox transition to regulate energy metabolism in mitochondria in response to oxidative signals. 相似文献
4.
Hayat El Hajjaji Mireille Dumoulin Didier Colau Joris Messens Jean-Francois Collet 《Journal of molecular biology》2009,386(1):60-4425
Thioredoxins are small, ubiquitous redox enzymes that reduce protein disulfide bonds by using a pair of cysteine residues present in a strictly conserved WCGPC catalytic motif. The Escherichia coli cytoplasm contains two thioredoxins, Trx1 and Trx2. Trx2 is special because it is induced under oxidative stress conditions and it has an additional N-terminal zinc-binding domain. We have determined the redox potential of Trx2, the pKa of the active site nucleophilic cysteine, as well as the stability of the oxidized and reduced form of the protein. Trx2 is more oxidizing than Trx1 (-221 mV versus -284 mV, respectively), which is in good agreement with the decreased value of the pKa of the nucleophilic cysteine (5.1 versus 7.1, respectively). The difference in stability between the oxidized and reduced forms of an oxidoreductase is the driving force to reduce substrate proteins. This difference is smaller for Trx2 (ΔΔG°H2O = 9 kJ/mol and ΔTm = 7. 4 °C) than for Trx1 (ΔΔG°H2O = 15 kJ/mol and ΔTm = 13 °C). Altogether, our data indicate that Trx2 is a significantly less reducing enzyme than Trx1, which suggests that Trx2 has a distinctive function. We disrupted the zinc center by mutating the four Zn2+-binding cysteines to serine. This mutant has a more reducing redox potential (-254 mV) and the pKa of its nucleophilic cysteine shifts from 5.1 to 7.1. The removal of Zn2+ also decreases the overall stability of the reduced and oxidized forms by 3.2 kJ/mol and 5.8 kJ/mol, respectively. In conclusion, our data show that the Zn2+-center of Trx2 fine-tunes the properties of this unique thioredoxin. 相似文献
5.
Ali Canlier 《Inorganica chimica acta》2010,363(1):1-4850
Crystal structure of [ReO2(4-MeOpy)4][PF6] (4-MeOpy = 4-methoxypyridine) complex has been examined by the single crystal X-ray analytical method. This complex shows a trans-dioxo geometry (average Re-O bond length = 1.766(2) Å) and its equatorial plane is occupied by four 4-MeOpy molecules (average Re-N bond length = 2.156(4) Å). Electrochemical reaction of [ReO2(4-MeOpy)4]+ in CH3CN solution containing tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate as a supporting electrolyte has been studied using cyclic voltammetry at 24 °C. Cyclic voltammograms show one redox couple around 0.65 V (Epa) and 0.58 V (Epc) [versus ferrocene/ferrocenium ion redox couple, (Fc/Fc+)]. Potential differences between two peaks (ΔEp) at scan rates in the range from 0.01 to 0.10 V s−1 are 65 mV, which is almost consistent with the theoretical ΔEp value (59 mV) for the reversible one electron transfer reaction at 24 °C. The ratio of anodic peak currents to cathodic ones is 1.04 ± 0.03 and the (Epa + Epc)/2 value is constant, 0.613 ± 0.001 V versus Fc/Fc+, regardless of the scan rate. Spectroelectrochemical experiments have also been carried out by applying potentials from 0.40 to 0.77 V versus Fc/Fc+ with an optically transparent thin layer electrode. It was found that the UV-visible absorption spectra show clear isosbestic points at 228, 276, and 384 nm, and that the electron stoichiometry is evaluated as 1.03 from the Nernstian plot. These results indicate that the [ReO2(4-MeOpy)4]+ complex is oxidized reversibly to the [ReO2(4-MeOpy)4]2+ complex. Furthermore, it was clarified that the [ReO2(4-MeOpy)4]2+ in CH3CN has the characteristic absorption bands at 236, 278, 330, 478, and 543 nm and their molar absorption coefficients are 4.3 × 104, 4.5 × 103, 1.0 × 104, and 6.1 × 103 M−1 cm−1 (M = mol dm−3), respectively. 相似文献
6.
The redox potentials Em(QA/) of the primary quinone electron acceptor QA in oxygen-evolving photosystem II complexes of three species were determined by spectroelectrochemistry. The Em(QA/) values were experimentally found to be −162 ± 3 mV for a higher plant spinach, −171 ± 3 mV for a green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and −104 ± 4 mV vs. SHE for a red alga Cyanidioschyzonmerolae. On the basis of possible deviations for the experimental values, as estimated to differ by 9-29 mV from each true value, plausible causes for such remarkable species-dependence of Em(QA/) are discussed, mainly by invoking the effects of extrinsic subunits on the delicate structural environment around QA. 相似文献
7.
Werner J. Geldenhuys Robert Skolik Mary E. Konkle Michael A. Menze Timothy E. Long Aaron R. Robart 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2019,29(7):901-904
Nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor-1 (NAF-1, miner1; gene cisd2) is part of the [2Fe-2S]-containing protein family which includes mitoNEET (gene cisd1) and MiNT (miner2; gene cisd3). These proteins are redox active and are thought to play an important role in cellular energy homeostasis with NAF-1 playing a critical role in calcium regulation and aging. To date, no studies have investigated potential ligand interaction with NAF-1. Here we show that the thiazolidinediones pioglitazone and rosiglitazone along with the mitoNEET ligand, NL-1, bind to NAF-1 with low micromolar affinities. Further, we show that overexpression of NAF-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells reduces inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by pioglitazone. Our findings support the need for further efforts of the rational design of selective NAF-1 ligands. 相似文献
8.
Sang Gon Kim Jung-Sung Chung R. Bryan SuttonJong-Sun Lee Luis López-MaurySang Yeol Lee Francisco J. FlorencioTeresa Lin Masoud Zabet-MoghaddamMatthew J. Wood Kamakshi Nayak Vivek Madem Jatindra N. TripathySung-Kun Kim David B. Knaff 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics》2012,1824(2):392-403
The arsenate reductase from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has been characterized in terms of the redox properties of its cysteine residues and their role in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme. Of the five cysteines present in the enzyme, two (Cys13 and Cys35) have been shown not to be required for catalysis, while Cys8, Cys80 and Cys82 have been shown to be essential. The as-isolated enzyme contains a single disulfide, formed between Cys80 and Cys82, with an oxidation-reduction midpoint potential (Em) value of − 165 mV at pH 7.0. It has been shown that Cys15 is the only one of the four cysteines present in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 glutaredoxin A required for its ability to serve as an electron donor to arsenate reductase, while the other three cysteines (Cys18, Cys36 and Cys70) play no role. Glutaredoxin A has been shown to contain a single redox-active disulfide/dithiol couple, with a two-electron, Em value of − 220 mV at pH 7.0. One cysteine in this disulfide/dithiol couple has been shown to undergo glutathionylation. An X-ray crystal structure, at 1.8 Å resolution, has been obtained for glutaredoxin A. The probable orientations of arsenate reductase disulfide bonds present in the resting enzyme and in a likely reaction intermediate of the enzyme have been examined by in silico modeling, as has the surface environment of arsenate reductase in the vicinity of Cys8, the likely site for the initial reaction between arsenate and the enzyme. 相似文献
9.
Succinate:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) from Bacillus subtilis consists of two hydrophilic protein subunits comprising succinate dehydrogenase, and a di-heme membrane anchor protein harboring two putative quinone binding sites, Qp and Qd. In this work we have used spectroelectrochemistry to study the electronic communication between purified SQR and a surface modified gold capillary electrode. In the presence of two soluble quinone mediators the midpoint potentials of both hemes were revealed essentially as previously determined by conventional redox titration (heme bH, Em = + 65 mV, heme bL, Em = − 95 mV). In the absence of mediators the enzyme still communicated with the electrode, albeit with a reproducible hysteresis, resulting in the reduction of both hemes occurring approximately at the midpoint potential of heme bL, and with a pronounced delay of reoxidation. When the specific inhibitor 2-n-heptyl-4 hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO), which binds to Qd in B. subtilis SQR, was added together with the two quinone mediators, rapid reductive titration was still possible which can be envisioned as an electron transfer occurring via the HQNO insensitive Qp site. In contrast, the subsequent oxidative titration was severely hampered in the presence of HQNO, in fact it completely resembled the unmediated reaction. If mediators communicate with Qp or Qd, either event is followed by very rapid electron redistribution within the enzyme. Taken together, this strongly suggests that the accessibility of Qp depended on the redox state of the hemes. When both hemes were reduced, and Qd was blocked by HQNO, quinone-mediated communication via the Qp site was no longer possible, revealing a redox-dependent conformational change in the membrane anchor domain. 相似文献
10.
Wiley SE Paddock ML Abresch EC Gross L van der Geer P Nechushtai R Murphy AN Jennings PA Dixon JE 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2007,282(33):23745-23749
The outer mitochondrial membrane protein mitoNEET was discovered as a binding target of pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug of the thiazolidinedione class used to treat type 2 diabetes (Colca, J. R., McDonald, W. G., Waldon, D. J., Leone, J. W., Lull, J. M., Bannow, C. A., Lund, E. T., and Mathews, W. R. (2004) Am. J. Physiol. 286, E252-E260). We have shown that mitoNEET is a member of a small family of proteins containing a 39-amino-acid CDGSH domain. Although the CDGSH domain is annotated as a zinc finger motif, mitoNEET was shown to contain iron (Wiley, S. E., Murphy, A. N., Ross, S. A., van der Geer, P., and Dixon, J. E. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104, 5318-5323). Optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that it contained a redox-active pH-labile Fe-S cluster. Mass spectrometry showed the loss of 2Fe and 2S upon cofactor extrusion. Spectroscopic studies of recombinant proteins showed that the 2Fe-2S cluster was coordinated by Cys-3 and His-1. The His ligand was shown to be involved in the observed pH lability of the cluster, indicating that loss of this ligand via protonation triggered release of the cluster. mitoNEET is the first identified 2Fe-2S-containing protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Based on the biophysical data and domain fusion analysis, mitoNEET may function in Fe-S cluster shuttling and/or in redox reactions. 相似文献
11.
The results of ab initio valence bond (VB) calculations are reported for H2, with up to 30 nuclear centred (15 at each H atom) 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d and 4s (cc-pVTZ+4s) atomic orbitals (AOs) included in them. A 30 AO complete active space VB calculation (CASVB) with 465 S = 0 spin structures gives an cc-pVTZ+4s energy of −1.17245 a.u. for d(H-H) = 1.4 a.u., which is identical to the CISD/cc-pVTZ+4s estimate obtained from a molecular orbital (MO) configuration interaction (CI) calculation with all single and double (CISD) substitutions. 相似文献
12.
Pap JS Kripli B Váradi T Giorgi M Kaizer J Speier G 《Journal of inorganic biochemistry》2011,105(6):911-918
Recently, a series of Fe(II) complexes have been published by our group with 3 N-donor 1,3-bis(2′-Ar-imino)isoindoline ligands containing various Ar-groups (pyridyl, 4-methylpyridyl, thiazolyl, benzimidazolyl and N-methylbenzimidazolyl). The superoxide scavenging activity of the compounds showed correlation with the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox potentials. Analogous, electroneutral chelate complexes with Mn(II) and Ni(II) in 2:1 ligand:metal composition are reported here. Each Mn(II) complex exhibits one reversible redox wave that is assigned as the Mn(III)/Mn(II) redox transition. The E1/2 spans a 180 mV range from − 98 (Ar = 3-methylpyridyl) to 82 mV (Ar = thiazolyl) vs. the Fc+/Fc depending on the Ar-sidearm. The SOD-like (SOD=superoxide dismutase)activity of all complexes was determined according to the McCord-Fridovich method. The Mn(II) isoindolinates have IC50 values - determined with 50 μM cytochrome c Fe(III) - that range from (3.22 ± 0.39) × 10− 6 (Ar = benzimidazolyl) to (10.80 ± 0.54) × 10− 6 M (Ar = N-methylbenzimidazolyl). In contrast with the Fe(II) complexes, the IC50 concentrations show no significant dependence on the E1/2 values in this narrow potential range emphasizing that the redox potential is not the governing factor in the Mn(II)-containing scavengers. The analogous Ni(II) compounds show no redox transitions in the thermodynamically relevant potential range (− 0.40 to 0.65 V vs. SCE) and accordingly, their superoxide scavenging activity (if any) is below the detection level. 相似文献
13.
“Reduced minus oxidized” difference extinction coefficients Δ? in the α-bands of Cyt b559 and Cyt c550 were determined by using functionally and structurally well-characterized PS II core complexes from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Values of 25.1 ± 1.0 mM−1 cm−1 and 27.0 ± 1.0 mM−1 cm−1 were obtained for Cyt b559 and Cyt c550, respectively. Anaerobic redox titrations covering the wide range from −250 up to +450 mV revealed that the heme groups of both Cyt b559 and Cyt c550 exhibit homogenous redox properties in the sample preparation used, with Em values at pH 6.5 of 244 ± 11 mV and −94 ± 21 mV, respectively. No HP form of Cyt b559 could be detected. Experiments performed on PS II membrane fragments of higher plants where the content of the high potential form of Cyt b559 was varied by special treatments (pH, heat) have shown that the α-band extinction of Cyt b559 does not depend on the redox form of the heme group. Based on the results of this study the Cyt b559/PSII stoichiometry is inferred to be 1:1 not only in thermophilic cyanobacteria as known from the crystal structure but also in PSII of plants. Possible interrelationships between the structure of the QB site and the microenvironment of the heme group of Cyt b559 are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Chihiro Kachi-TerajimaHitoshi Miyasaka Tomohiko IshiiKen-ichi Sugiura Masahiro Yamashita 《Inorganica chimica acta》2002,332(1):210-215
The ligand substitution reaction of Ru2(O2CCH3)4Cl with 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (Hadmpym) under gentle refluxing conditions in methanol led to the formation of a bridging-ligand mono-substituted compound, [Ru2(O2CCH3)3(admpym)(Cl)(MeOH)] (1). Compound 1 crystallized in monoclinic space group P21/n (no. 14) with a=8.3074(8) Å, b=12.3722(8) Å, c=18.913(1) Å, β=95.559(3)°, V=1934.8(3) Å3, and Z=4. Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of 1 revealed it to be in a spin ground state S=3/2 arising from the electronic configuration of σ2π4δ2(δ*π*)3. Compound 1 undergoes three metal-centered redox reactions in electrochemistry: E1/2 (ox)=+0.72 V (Ia/Ic<1, ΔEp=0.17 V); E1/2 (1,red)=−0.65 V (Ia/Ic≈1, ΔEp=0.10 V); and E1/2 (2,red)=−1.80 V (Ia/Ic?1, ΔEp=0.16 V). Then, the redox species produced by electrolysis were characterized by spectroscopic studies. 相似文献
15.
Oscar Goñi 《Phytochemistry》2011,72(9):844-854
A 1,3-β-glucanase with potent cryoprotective activity was purified to homogeneity from the mesocarp of CO2-treated cherimoya fruit (Annona cherimola Mill.) stored at low temperature using anion exchange and chromatofocusing chromatography. This protein was characterized as a glycosylated endo-1,3-β-glucanase with a Mr of 22.07 kDa and a pI of 5.25. The hydrolase was active and stable in a broad acidic pH range and it exhibited maximum activity at pH 5.0. It had a low optimum temperature of 35 °C and it retained 40% maximum activity at 5 °C. The purified 1,3-β-glucanase was relatively heat unstable and its activity declined progressively at temperatures above 50 °C. Kinetic studies revealed low kcat (3.10 ± 0.04 s−1) and Km (0.32 ± 0.03 mg ml−1) values, reflecting the intermediate efficiency of the protein in hydrolyzing laminarin. Moreover, a thermodynamic characterization revealed that the purified enzyme displayed a high kcat at both 37 and 5 °C, and a low Ea (6.99 kJ mol−1) within this range of temperatures. In vitro functional studies indicated that the purified 1,3-β-glucanase had no inhibitory effects on Botrytis cinerea hyphal growth and no antifreeze activity, as determined by thermal hysteresis analysis using differential scanning calorimetry. However, a strong cryoprotective activity was observed against freeze-thaw inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase. Indeed, the PD50 was 8.7 μg ml−1 (394 nM), 9.2-fold higher (3.1 on a molar basis) than that of the cryoprotective protein BSA. Together with the observed accumulation of glycine-betaine in CO2-treated cherimoya tissues, these results suggest that 1,3-β-glucanase could be functionally implicated in low temperature-defense mechanism activated by CO2. 相似文献
16.
Antoine Perhirin Edouard Kraffe Yanic Marty François Quentel Philippe Elies Frederic Gloaguen 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects》2013
Electrochemistry of cytochrome c (cyt c) immobilized on a cardiolipin (CL)/phosphatidylcholine (PC) film supported on a glassy carbon electrode was investigated using variable-frequency AC voltammetry. At low ionic strength, we observed two redox-active subpopulations characterized by distinct values of potential (E1/2) and electron transfer rate constant (kET). At high ionic strength, only one subpopulation was detected, consistent with the existence of very stable cyt c–CL adducts, most probably formed by hydrophobic interactions between the protein and the fatty acid (FA) chains carried by CL. This subpopulation exhibits a comparatively high kET value (> 300 s− 1) apparently changing with the structure of the FA chains of CL, i.e. 18:2(n − 6) or 14:0. Our study suggests that electrochemistry can be a useful technique for probing protein–lipid interactions, and more particularly the role played by the specific structure of the FA chains of CL on cyt c binding. 相似文献
17.
Yasuo Nakabayashi Minoru Tashiro Masako Takani Takeshi Motoyama Osamu Yamauchi 《Inorganica chimica acta》2009,362(3):777-2703
Adduct formation of ternary Pt(II) complexes composed of an amino acid and an aromatic diimine, [Pt(A)(DA)] (A = glycinate (Gly), alaninate (Ala), valinate, or arginine (Arg); DA = 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)), with flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) were investigated by spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical methods. The Pt(II) complexes formed 1:1 [Pt(A)(DA)]-FMN adducts by stacking with the aromatic moiety of FMN, and the stability constants, log K, for the systems with [Pt(A)(phen)] (A = Gly, Ala, and Arg) and [Pt(Arg)(bpy)] were determined to be 2.83(8)-3.42(6) from 1H NMR spectra at 25 °C in D2O (I = var.). The structure of the adduct [Pt(Ala)(phen)](AQS) (1) was determined by X-ray analysis to involve a π-π stacking interaction between coordinated phen and AQS with the distance of 3.400(7) Å and a hydrogen bond between the sulfonate moiety of AQS and the amino group of coordinated Ala. Cyclic voltammetry of the 1:1 [Pt(A)(DA)]-FMN systems in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) showed that the potentials, E1/2, for the two-electron redox process of FMN shifted to higher values by 18-31 mV as compared with the value for free FMN. 相似文献
18.
19.
The redox-active doubly bridged species [{Mo(NO)(TpMe2)Q}2] [TpMe2 = tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)hydroborate, Q = O(CH2)nO, n = 3, 5, or OCH2(CF2)n−2CH2O, n = 5, 6], and a chelate complex [Mo(NO)-(TpMe2)O(CH2)5O] were prepared and characterised by elemental and mass analyses, 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The bimetallic species with C3, C5, and C5(F) bridges exhibit two well-resolved reduction processes in their cyclic voltammograms (ΔE1/2 values of 290, 170, and 170 mV, respectively). These results indicate that the presence of the second bridge increases the extent of electrochemical interactions (by ca. 90-130 mV) in comparison with their singly bridged analogues. All non-fluorinated and the chelate species were catalytically active in cathodic reduction of chloroform. 相似文献
20.
Effendy Corrado di Nicola Adriano Pizzabiocca Neil Somers 《Inorganica chimica acta》2006,359(1):64-80
Single crystal X-ray structural characterizations are recorded for a number of adducts of MX:dpex (2:3) stoichiometry (MX = simple univalent copper or silver salt; dpex = Ph2E(CH2)xEPh2 (E = P, As)). CuX:dppe (2:3) (X = Cl, Br, I, CN) are binuclear [(dppe-P,P′)CuX(P-dppe-P′)CuX(P,P′-dppe)], all centrosymmetric. AgX:dpex (2:3) (dpex = ‘dpae’ (Ph2As(CH2)2AsPh2), X = Br, F3CCO2 (= ‘tfa’), F3CSO3 (≡ ‘tfs’); dpex = ‘dpape’ (Ph2As(CH2)2PPh2), X = CN, SCN, OClO3) are one-dimensional polymers ?-E′)1AgX(E-dpex-E′)2-AgX(E-dpex-E′)1AgX?, P, As sites scrambled in the latter. AgNO3:dpam (2:3) is also a one-dimensional polymer, ?AgO·NO·OAg(As-dpam-As)AgO·NO·OAg? (‘dpam’ ≡ Ph2As(CH2)2AsPh2). AgX:dpae (2:3) (X = I, CN, ClO4, NO3) and AgX:dpape (2:3) (X = Br, I, NO3) are two-dimensional polymers with large 30-membered macrocyclic rings; similar webs are found for dppx ligands in AgOH:dppb (2:3) and AgNCO, Agtfa:dpph (2:3) with 42- and 54-membered rings. Complexes AgX:dpape (1:3) (X = Cl, Br) are defined as mono-nuclear [XAg(Ph2P(CH2)2AsPh2)3] arrays, the unidentate ligands predominantly P-bound. Synthetic procedures for the adducts are reported, selected compounds being characterized both in solution (1H, 31P NMR, ESI MS) and in the solid state (IR). 相似文献