癫痫发作敏感大鼠前深梨状皮层T区神经病理观察

目的和方法：采用颞叶癫痫红藻氨酸（kainic acid,KA)模型,制备癫痫发作敏感大鼠,并分别以硫瑾染色和GFAP（神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白,glial fibrilary acidic protein)免疫组化方法检测前深梨状皮层T区（area tempestas,AT)内神经元损伤及星形胶质细胞增生情况,并与经蝎毒（scorpion venom,SV)处理后癫痫发作敏感性明显降低的大鼠进行比较。结果：与对照组比较,癫痫敏感动物前深梨状皮层T区锥体细胞数目明显减少,GFAP免疫反应阳性星形胶质细胞数目明显增加,染色强度明显增强,（P＜0．05）以剂量为100mg/kg/日的蝎毒给予动物连续灌胃三周,可明显降低其癫痫发作敏感性（P＜0．05）,而脑内梨状皮层T区锥体细胞脱失减轻,GPAP免疫反应活性未见明显增强。结论：推测梨状皮层T区硬化（神经元脱失,星形胶质细胞增生肥大）很可能是癫痫发作敏感性长期存在的重要原因。     

微生态调节剂抗癫痫敏感性形成作用中神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白免疫活性变化

用红藻氨酸（ＫａｉｎｉｃＡｃｉｄ,ＫＡ）１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ给ＳＤ大鼠颈部皮下注射,诱发动物出现癫痫发作,该癫痫发作于８小时内完全缓解。ＫＡ后１周再次给予ＫＡ（此次为阈下剂量５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,检测上述动物对癫痫刺激的敏感性。结果表明,与对照组比较,于４周前开始并连续灌服微生态调节剂实验组动物癫痫敏感性的形成受到明显抑制（Ｐ＜０００１）,同时用免疫细胞化学方法观察大鼠脑内海马部位星形胶质细胞的神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（ＧｌｉａｌＦｉｂｒｉｌａｒｙａｃｉｄｉｃｐｒｏｔｅｉｎＧＦＡＰ）免疫反应活性的变化,发现ＫＡ后１～７天,实验组与对照组比较,海马部位神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白免疫反应活性明显受到抑制。结果表明微生态调节剂的抗癫痫敏感性作用可能与抑制胶质细胞过度增生有关。     

微生态调节剂抗癫痫敏感性形成作用中神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋 …

用红藻氨酸（ＫａｉｎｉｃＡｃｉｄ，ＫＡ）１２ｍｇ／ｋｇ给ＳＤ大鼠颈部皮下注射，诱发动物出现癫痫发作，该癫痫发作于８小时内完全缓解，ＫＡ后１周再次给予ＫＡ（此次为阈下剂量５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）检测上述动物对癫痫刺激的敏感性，结果表明，与对照组比较，于４周前开始并连续灌服微生态调节剂实验组动物癫痫敏感性形成受到明显抑制（Ｐ〈０．００１），同时用免疫细胞化学方法观察大鼠脑内马部位星形胶质细胞的神经胶质原纤维酸性     

NO介质在大鼠红藻氨酸诱导癫痫发作中的作用

目的：进一步探讨脑内一氧化氮(NO)介质(NO或NO衍生物)在复杂部分性及全身强直阵挛性癫痫发作中的作用。方法：采用红藻氨酸(KA)诱导大鼠癫痫发作,以NO合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-NNA)或NO前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg)予以预处理,观察其癫痫发作行为及海马结构内NO含量(NO2^-/NO3^-)的变化。结果：给予大鼠惊厥剂量KA(10mg/kg),15min时出现湿狗样抖动(WDS),1～3h出现全身痉挛;经L-NNA(50mg/kg)或L-Arg(40mg/kg)预处理的大鼠,注射相同剂量的KA后,其癫痫行为发生明显变化,L-NNA预处理的大鼠癫痫发作行为明显加重,表现为全身痉挛的潜伏期缩短、时间延长、死亡率提高;L-Arg预处理的大鼠癫痫发作行为减弱,WDS和全身痉挛的潜伏期均延长,发作程度减轻、时间缩短,观察时间内无一例死亡。KA给药后30min海马结构内的NO2^-/NO3^-含量迅速增多,7d时仍持续增高;与NS预处理组相比,经L-Arg预处理的动物,KA给药后3h及3d,其NO2^-/NO3^-浓度升高明显。结论：兴奋诱导性癫痫发作过程中内源性NO介质的变化可能具有重要的抗发作作用。     

海马mu型阿片肽受体介导大鼠癫痫发作敏感性形成

为探讨海马mu型阿片肽受体介导癫痫发作敏感性形成的作用,实验采用微渗透泵技术,观察大鼠腹侧海马注射mu型阿片肽受体激动剂PL017(2.09、2.59、3.29μg/μ1)、拮抗剂β-funaltrexamine hydrochloride(β-FNA、0.88、1.10、1.35μg/μl)对红藻氨酸(kainic acid,KA)诱导癫痫发作的干预作用.PL017能够明显缩短癫痫发作潜伏期、增加癫痫发作级别(P＜0.05),β-FNA则可显著延长癫痫发作潜伏期、降低发作级别(P＜0.01);PL017和β-FNA的干预作用均表现出剂量依赖效应.结果表明,海马mu型阿片肽受体具有促进KA诱导的癫痫发作敏感性形成作用.     

癫痫发作敏感大鼠前深梨状皮层T区GABA免疫反应活性变化

γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是脑内最重要的抑制性神经递质,在阻断兴奋扩布及传导中起重要作用,其参与抗癫痫作用已被证实.有研究表明:前深梨状皮层T区是颞叶癫痫的始动部位.我们从前的工作已证明:惊厥剂量的红藻氨酸(Kainic acid,A)诱发SD大鼠出现急性癫痫发作后的5～7 d,动物出现癫痫发作敏感性长期增强,而蝎毒(scorpion venom,V)可通过增强海马结构内GABA的表达,对抗其癫痫发作敏感性的形成.本研究采用免疫组化技术,并探讨其与癫痫发作敏感长期增强的可能关系,检测癫痫发作敏感大鼠和经SV处理后癫痫发作敏感性明显降低的大鼠前深梨状皮层T区的GABA免疫反应活性变化.     

蝎毒对癫痫敏感性和海马GFAP释放的影响

目的和方法 :本工作用海人酸癫痫模型 ,通过对癫痫大鼠蝎毒治疗后行为变化及脑内胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)免疫反应活性的检测 ,对蝎毒抗癫痫反复发作的相关脑区及其机制做以初步探讨。结果 :癫痫大鼠蝎毒治疗三周后 ,能明显减少癫痫发作的例数 ,减轻癫痫发作的程度 ,使发作的潜伏期延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。免疫细胞化学的实验显示 ,蝎毒抗癫痫反复发作的相关脑区是海马。 8例蝎毒治疗的大鼠与实验对照组相比 ,有 6例背侧海马GFAP免疫染色明显减轻 ,未见星形胶质细胞增生 ;CA1区无明显神经元缺失 ;而且与空白对照组相比无显著差异。结论 :癫痫大鼠蝎毒治疗三周后 ,能明显减轻癫痫发作的行为 ,抑制海马星形胶质细胞的增生肥大 ,减轻海马神经元受损的程度。蝎毒抑制海马星形胶质细胞增生很可能是蝎毒抗癫痫反复发作的重要机制之一。     

关于召开全国微生态调节剂学术研讨会的征文通知

为了进一步推动和加强微生态调节剂在临床、兽医、饲料添加剂、保健食品及一般食品领域的应用和发展 ,提高微生态调节剂科研人员的科研开发能力和其他人员对微生态调节剂的合理应用及相互间的学术交流 ,我会拟于 2 0 0 0年 10月在大连召开“全国微生态调节剂学术研讨会”。本次学术会议已被卫生部继续教育委员会批准 ,列为 2 0 0 0年第一批国家级继续教育项目 (项目编号 :2 0 0 0 - 10 - 0 7-0 17,请查《继续医学教育》2 0 0 0年第 1期 ) ,参加会议者授予一类学分 11分。本次学术研讨会是本世纪末我国微生态学学术领域的一次盛会 ,欢迎广大…     

褪黑素对海人酸致痫大鼠海马内TGF-β3水平的影响

目的探讨褪黑素(me1atonin,MT)对海人酸(kainic acid,KA)致痫大鼠海马内TGF-β3的影响,进一步明确其在中枢内的作用。方法将实验大鼠随机分为3组:生理盐水对照组(NS组)、海人酸组(KA组)、褪黑素+海人酸组(MT+KA组)。各组大鼠给予相应试剂处理后观察并记录大鼠行为学改变,用免疫组织化学方法、RT-PCR检测大鼠海马内TGF-β3(transforming growth factor-β3)的表达情况及其mRNA变化。结果动物行为学观察显示,NS组无癫痫发作,KA组发作程度为Ⅲ-V级,MT+KA组为0-Ⅲ级;免疫组织化学结果显示,TGF-β3在3组大鼠海马内均有表达,其中KA组、MT+KA组较NS组表达增强,MT+KA组较KA组增强,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05);RT-PCR结果显示,与NS组相比较,KA组、MT+KA组大鼠海马内TGF-β3 mRNA含量均升高;但MT+KA组升高较KA组多,差异具有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论褪黑素能明显改善海人酸诱发的大鼠癫痫,增强海马内TGF-β3的表达,减轻海马神经元损伤,发挥中枢保护作用。     

甲壳低聚糖的微生态学效应

目的 :了解甲壳低聚糖的微生态学效应 ,为其开发为微生态调节剂提供实验依据。方法 :用甲壳低聚糖〔6 0 0 m g/ (kg· d)〕给正常小鼠、肠道脱污染模型小鼠及 STZ糖尿病模型小鼠连续灌胃 7d及 2 1d,用添加 0 .3%甲壳低聚糖的高脂饲料为高血脂症大鼠模型连续灌胃 4 2 d。各空白对照组均用等体积无菌盐水灌胃。而后分析各组动物肠菌群 ,并测定 STZ糖尿病小鼠血糖、高血脂症大鼠 TC及 HDL- C值。结果 :甲壳低聚糖可以优化正常小鼠肠菌群 ,双歧杆菌数较空白对照组明显增多 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,B/ E值为对照组19.3倍 ,可纠正实验动物因肠道脱污染、糖尿病及高血脂症所致的肠菌群失调 ,双歧杆菌或乳杆菌相应增加 ,与相应空白对照组比较 ,其差异均有显著性意义 ,可以明显降低糖尿病小鼠血糖及高血脂症大鼠血清TC值。结论 :甲壳低聚糖具有良好的微生态学效应 ,可作为微生态调节剂开发应用     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.