柚皮苷和木犀草素联合应用对大鼠BMSCs诱导成骨过程中Wnt/β-cantein通路相关基因表达的影响

摘要 目的：探讨柚皮苷和木犀草素联合应用对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）诱导成骨过程中Wnt/β-cantein通路相关基因表达的影响。方法：取大鼠股骨中提取的BMSCs,分别建立A组（空白组）、B组给予柚皮苷溶液10 μmol/L,C组给予木犀草素溶液5 μmol/L;D组给予骨碎补总黄酮溶液10 mg/mL;E组给予柚皮苷-木犀草素混合溶液配伍比为10 μmol/L：5 μmol/L,并诱导其向成骨细胞分化。应用碱性磷酸酶（ALP）染色及分光光度法检测第7 d各组细胞ALP活性。应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测第7 d各组细胞Wnt/β-cantein通路相关基因及成骨基因的表达。结果：B组、C组、D组、E组细胞562 nm波长下光密度（OD）值显著高于A组,E组细胞562 nm波长下OD值最高,显著高于B组、C组、D组（P＜0.05）。B组、C组、D组、E组细胞ALP、骨钙素（OCN）、Runt相关转录因子2（RUNX2）基因表达水平显著高于A组,E组ALP、OCN、RUNX2基因表达水平最高,显著高于B组、C组、D组（P＜0.05）。B组、C组、D组、E组细胞β-catenin、Cyclin D1基因表达水平显著高于A组;B组、E组LEF-1基因表达水平显著高于A组;E组β-catenin、LEF-1、Cyclin D1基因表达水平最高,显著高于B组、C组、D组（P＜0.05）。结论：柚皮苷和木犀草素均具有促进大鼠BMSCs增殖和诱导其成骨向分化的作用,柚皮苷和木犀草素联合应用诱导大鼠BMSCs增成骨作用最强,其主要机制与Wnt/β-cantein通路激活有关。     

过表达SCD1对骨髓间质干细胞成骨分化的影响及其基因表达谱变化研究

目的:研究固醇辅酶A去饱和酶1(SCD1)过表达后对骨髓间质干细胞(BM-MSCs)成骨分化作用的影响,并利用基因芯片技术分析基因表达谱的变化。方法:利用已构建成功的SCD1慢病毒转染BM-MSCs,采用RT-PCR及C14技术检测SCD1在BM-MSCs中过表达情况及其活性。成骨诱导培养BM-MSCs后,采用Western blot和茜素红染色技术检测骨钙素(OC)等相关成骨指标,进一步运用全基因芯片检测过表达SCD1对BM-MSCs成骨分化表达谱的影响。结果:SCD1在BM-MSCs中成功过表达,过表达组SCD1活性明显高于对照组。成骨诱导7天、14天时,过表达组中的碱性磷酸酶(APL)活性和骨钙素水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。成骨诱导一周、两周时,过表达组的碱性磷酸酶染色和茜素红染色均多于对照组。基因表达芯片的结果显示,过表达SCD1改变骨髓间质干细胞表达谱,检测出差异基因2896个。基因通路分析提示干扰素通路为表达差异最显著通路(P<0.05)。结论:过表达SCD1可以促进BM-MSCs的成骨分化,可能通过作用于干扰素通路影响成骨分化功能。这一发现可能为骨折愈合提供重要的思路和潜在治疗策略,值得深入研究。     

K562来源的外泌体对骨髓间充质干细胞造血和成骨基因表达的影响

目的探讨K562细胞来源的外泌体（EXO）对骨髓间充质干细胞（BMMSCs）支持造血和成骨分化相关因子表达的影响。 方法利用超速离心法提取K562细胞培养上清中的EXO并进行鉴定。在体外,诱导BMMSCs的成骨分化,根据是否加入EXO分为3组：BMMSCs+PBS、BMMSCs+EXO （25 μg/mL）、BMMSCs+EXO （50 μg/mL）。qRT-PCR和Western blot检测BMMSCs中支持造血和成骨基因的表达,ELISA测定碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性和细胞基质钙含量。多时间点间比较采用重复测量方差分析,多组间差异采用ANOVA分析,组间两两比较采用Tukey's test检验。 结果三组各时间点CXC型趋化因子配体12 （CXCL12）、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）、白细胞介素-6 （IL-6）、Runt相关转录因子2 （RUNX2）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和Ⅰ型胶原酶（Col Ⅰ） mRNA表达及ALP活性和细胞基质钙含量行重复测量方法分析发现,时间点间、组间、组间×时间点间差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;与BMMSCs+PBS相比,BMMSCs+EXO （25、50 μg/mL）组在第1、3、7天的CXCL12、GM-CSF、RUNX2、ALP和Col ⅠmRNA水平下调,IL-6 mRNA水平上调,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。与BMMSCs+EXO （25 μg/mL）组相比,BMMSCs+EXO （50 μg/mL）组CXCL12 （3 d：0.42±0.11比0.26±0.12,7 d：0.39±0.11比0.24±0.10）、RUNX2 （3 d：0.24±0.10比0.10±0.03）和Col ⅠmRNA水平（1 d：0.74±0.19比0.58±0.20,7 d：0.12±0.16比0.08±0.16）下调,IL-6 mRNA水平（1 d：1.36±0.54比2.14±0.42,3 d：2.46±0.47比3.30±0.42,7 d：3.62±0.49比4.30±0.48）上调,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。Western blot发现,与BMMSCs+PBS相比,BMMSCs+EXO （25、50 μg/mL）组CXCL12 （1.00比0.54±0.10、0.32±0.08）、GM-CSF （1.00比0.46±0.12、0.42±0.03）、RUNX2 （1.00比0.57±0.12、0.45±0.23）、ALP （1.00比0.46±0.06、0.35±0.23）和ColⅠ表达（1.00比0.74±0.15、0.53±0.23）降低,IL-6表达（1.00比5.24±0.25、10.27±0.13）增加,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。与BMMSCs+EXO （25 μg/mL）组相比,BMMSCs+EXO （50 μg/mL）组CXCL12表达（0.54±0.10比0.32±0.08）降低,IL-6表达（5.24±0.25比10.27±0.13）增加,差异有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。此外,与BMMSCs+PBS组相比,BMMSCs+EXO （25、50 μg/mL）组ALP活性（7 d：1.75±0.58比0.72±0.18、0.58±0.16,14 d：2.78±0.75比1.50±0.32、0.83±0.30）和细胞基质钙含量（14 d：2.73±0.68比1.43±0.42、0.85±0.40）降低,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论K562细胞来源的EXO影响BMMSCs支持造血和成骨相关因子的表达,抑制了BMMSCs的成骨分化,并且有可能影响其支持造血功能。     

Bone morphogenetic protein 6 drives both osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in murine adipose-derived mesenchymal cells depending on culture conditions

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a dual role as a factor in both bone and cartilage development and correspondingly have the therapeutic potential to regenerate both tissues. Given this dual nature, previous in vitro research using BMPs has relied on distinct media formulations and culture conditions to drive undifferentiated cells to the osteogenic or chondrogenic lineage. To isolate the impact of culture conditions and to explore the effect of BMP-6 on murine adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (ASCs), ASCs were seeded in either monolayer or pellets in an identical medium containing BMP-6. Results indicate that BMP-6 differentially promotes osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in ASCs depending on culture conditions. BMP-6 potently induced alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization in ASCs cultured in monolayer conditions. In contrast, BMP-6 enhanced proteoglycan accumulation in ASCs seeded in chondrogenic pellet culture. A comparison of gene expression suggests that the differentiating effect of BMP-6 is specific to the particular culture condition. This study highlights the importance of the interactions between chemical signaling and microenvironmental cues in directing cell fate.     

3种间充质干细胞成软骨分化潜能比较

目的:比较骨髓间充质干细胞、脂肪间充质干细胞、滑膜间充质干细胞3种间充质干细胞的成软骨分化潜能,为软骨组织工程中种子细胞的选择提供实验依据。方法:采用贴壁法分别分离提取兔骨髓间充质干细胞、脂肪间充质干细胞、滑膜间充质干细胞3种间充质干细胞,并进行传代培养,绘制3种间充质干细胞的生长曲线并比较其倍增时间。将3种间充质干细胞成软骨诱导14 d后,行甲苯胺蓝染色及II型胶原免疫组化染色以观测3种细胞成软骨分化能力。结果:脂肪间充质干细胞的倍增时间短于骨髓间充质干细胞,滑膜间充质干细胞的倍增时间最短;3种细胞成软骨诱导14 d后均产生糖胺聚糖和II型胶原,且组与组之间II型胶原表达水平的差异有统计学意义,骨髓间充质干细胞组高于脂肪间充质干细胞组(P0.01),滑膜间充质干细胞组高于骨髓间充质干细胞组(P0.01)。结论:在一定的培养条件下,3种间充质干细胞均有一定的成软骨细胞分化潜能,滑膜间充质干细胞最快的增殖速度及最强的成软骨分化潜能。     

Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) is needed for the TGFβ-induced chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

The role of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway on the osteogenesis of progenitor and stem cells has received a lot of attention due to conflicting results in the literature. ERK1/2 has been reported to be both activating and inhibitory to the osteogenesis of different cell types under varying culture conditions. This study focused specifically on the role of ERK1/2 on the chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) induced by cytokine exposure. Bone marrow-derived MSC were cultured in three-dimensional fibrin gel scaffolds and stimulated down the chondrogenic and osteogenic programs by addition of TGF-β3 to and osteogenic buffer media. Cells were cultured under control conditions (no cytokine supplementation), treated with TGF-β3 or treated with PD98059 + TGF-β3 for 7 days. RT-PCR results show that addition of TGF-β3 significantly upregulates the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and induces the cells down the chondrogenic and osteogenic pathways (as demonstrated by the significant upregulation of aggrecan, sox9, collagen types 1 & 2 gene expressions). Inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation with PD98059 led to the abolishment of the upregulation of chondrogenic and osteogenic-specific gene expressions. These results demonstrate that ERK1/2 is needed for the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSC as induced by TGF-β3 supplementation.     

骨髓间充质干细胞在脱细胞真皮基质再生过程中的初步研究

较大的腹壁缺损需要应用补片修复来缓解腹横筋膜的张力,人工合成补片的应用一定程度上实现了无张力修补的目的,但它在腹壁外科应用中有诸多的并发症,诸如复发率高,腹腔黏连,肠穿孔导致腹膜炎,侵袭性肠瘘等影响患者术后的正常生活,而脱细胞真皮基质(Acellular dermal matrix,ADM)作为一种新型的生物材料应用在腹壁外科中能解决上述人工合成补片所带来的并发症发挥强大作用且能与周围组织较好的融合,最后改建成宿主自身组织已并在多学科领域中广泛应用;骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)能参与组织自我修复,并能分化成为多种功能细胞,分泌各种生长因子,在ADM内源性转归过程中可发挥作用。本文就对骨髓间充质干细胞在ADM生物补片应用于临床疝修补术中转归机制的研究做一综述。     

骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化的研究

无论是在体外实验、还是在体内实验,MSCs都可以向中枢神经系统(CNS)神经细胞分化,但争议颇多。因为功能性神经元不仅要具有典型神经元的形态、特异性标记,还要求具有可兴奋性、能和其他神经元形成突触联系、产生突触电位等,所以对于骨髓间充质干细胞是否能诱导出真正具有功能的神经元存在很大分歧。在此对MSCs向神经细胞诱导分化研究的现况、存在的问题及发展前景给以综述。     

Vitreous cryopreservation of tissue engineered bone composed of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and partially demineralized bone matrix

Cryopreservation of tissue engineered products by maintaining their structure and function is a prerequisite for large-scale clinical applications. In this study, we examined the feasibility of cryopreservation of tissue engineered bone (TEB) composed of osteo-induced canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (cBMSCs) and partially demineralized bone matrix (pDBM) scaffold by vitrification. A novel vitreous solution named as VS442 containing 40% dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), 40% EuroCollins (EC) solution and 20% basic culture medium (BCM) was developed. After being cultured in vitro for 8 days, cell/scaffold complex in VS442 was subjected to vitreous preservation for 7 days and 3 months, respectively. Cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of cBMSCs in TEB after vitreous cryopreservation were examined with parallel comparisons being made with those cryopreserved in VS55 vitreous solution. Compared with that cryopreserved in VS55, cell viability and subsequent proliferative ability of TEB in VS442 after being rewarmed were significantly higher as detected by live/dead staining and DNA assay. The level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and osteocalcin (OCN) deposition in VS442 preserved TEB was also higher than those in the VS55 group since 3 days post-rewarm. Both cell viability and osteogenic capability of the VS55 group were found to be declined to a negligible level within 15 days post-rewarm. Furthermore, it was observed that extending the preservation of TEB in VS442 to 3 months did not render any significant effect on its survival and osteogenic potential. Thus, the newly developed VS442 vitreous solution was demonstrated to be more efficient in maintaining cellular viability and osteogenic function for vitreous cryopreservation of TEB over VS55.     

阿司匹林对骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗缺血性脑卒中的影响研究进展

阿司匹林是缺血性脑卒中患者急性期治疗药物及卒中再发的二级预防常用药物,骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)移植是治疗缺血性脑血管疾病的新的新兴技术。已证实阿司匹林可抑制骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖及影响骨髓间充质干细胞的分化。本文就阿司匹林对骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗缺血性脑卒中的影响等进行综述。     

骨髓间充质干细胞抑制小胶质细胞介导的炎症反应

目的研究骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells,BMMSCs)对小胶质细胞介导的炎症反应的抑制作用。方法实验分为四组:组一:小胶质细胞(BV2)生长于DMEM(High Glucose)培养液中;组二:BV2细胞生长于加入脂多糖(LPS)的上述培养液中;组三:BV2细胞、BMMSCs共培养于加入LPS的上述培养液中;组四:骨髓间充质干细胞(BMMSCs)生长于加入LPS的上述培养液中。观察BV2细胞的生长状态、电镜超微结构变化及其分泌的炎症因子TNF-α表达量的变化。结果光镜下BV2细胞密度依次为:组一组三组二,组四中BMMSCs生长状态良好;电镜下可见组二BV2细胞内出现大量肿胀及空泡化的线粒体、内质网等细胞器,少见生长活跃多核仁细胞,同时可见大量崩解细胞,组三细胞状态明显好于组二;BV2细胞分泌的炎症因子TNF-α表达量依次为组二组三组一组四。结论 BM-MSCs抑制小胶质细胞介导的炎症反应,进而发挥神经保护作用。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脑梗死大鼠神经功能恢复的影响

目的:观察骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)移植对脑梗死大鼠神经功能恢复的影响,并对其相关机制进行探讨。方法:90只大鼠随机分为3组:假手术组、对照组、BMSC移植组,每组30只。对照组和BMSC移植组建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)模型,假手术组只需要分离大鼠颈部组织,而不造MCAO模型。BMSC移植组在MCAO模型术后1天经尾静脉注射1 mL/3×10~6 BMSC,对照组注射同剂量的生理盐水,于MCAO术后1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、42 d、49 d分别对各组大鼠进行神经功能评分(mNSS),术后2个月对BMSC移植组及对照组大鼠脑组织进行免疫组化染色,检测MAP2、TUJ1、Ⅷ因子、GFAP的表达情况。结果:在治疗后的第7天至第35天,BMSC移植组mNSS均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术后2个月,BMSC移植组MAP2、TUJ1、Ⅷ因子表达量显著高于对照组,而GFAP表达量显著低于于BMSC对照组(P0.01)。结论:BMSC移植可以促进脑梗死神经功能的恢复。     

不同龄大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞活性对比

目的:分别在低氧环境和正常氧环境下研究不同周龄SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的细胞活性以及细胞分化能力的差别,并观察和检测不同周龄大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞成骨活性有何差异。方法:1)、进行不同周龄SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的提取及在低氧环境及正常氧环境下的培养。2)、进行细胞生物活性的测定及比较。结果:低氧环境下培养的2周4周龄大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)活性好于常氧状态下培养的2周4周龄大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)。结论:低氧环境下培养的年轻大鼠的骨髓间充质干细胞活性较好。     

Myogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Fetal Bovine Bone Marrow

The myogenic potential of bovine fetal MSC (bfMSC) derived from bone marrow (BM) remains unknown; despite its potential application for the study of myogenesis and its implications for livestock production. In the present study, three protocols for in vitro myogenic differentiation of bfMSC based on the use of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), myoblast-secreted factor Galectin-1 (Gal-1), and myoblast culture medium SkGM-2 BulletKit were used. Plastic-adherent bfMSC were isolated from fetal BM collected from abattoir-derived fetuses. Post-thaw viability analyses detected 85.6% bfMSC negative for propidium iodine (PI). Levels of muscle regulatory factors (MRF) MYF5, MYF6, MYOD, and DES mRNA were higher (P?MYOD mRNA (Days 7 to 21) and up-regulation of MYF6 (Day 7), MYF5, and DES mRNA (Day 21). Gal-1 and SkGM-2 BulletKit induced sequential down-regulation of early MRF (MYF5) and up-regulation of intermediate (MYOD) and late MRF (DES) mRNA. Moreover, DES and MYF5 were immunodetected in differentiated bfMSC. In conclusion, protocols evaluated in bfMSC induced progress into myogenic differentiation until certain extent evidenced by changes in MRF gene expression.