Pseudangularia gonzalezi n. sp. and Gibsonilepis swifti (Singh, 1952) n. g., n. comb. (Cestoda, Dilepididae) from the House Swift, Apus affinis (J.E. Gray) (Aves, Apodiformes) from Franceville, Republic of Gabon

Nine specimens of Apus affinis (J.E. Gray) were studied at Franceville, Haut-Ogooué Province, Republic of Gabon, for the presence of helminth parasites. Two cestode species of the family Dilepididae were recorded. Pseudangularia gonzalezi n. sp. is distinguished from the most similar species P. europaea Georgiev & Murai, 1993 by having elliptical cirrus-sac, longer vagina, longer rostellar sheath and greater diameter of suckers. An identification key to the species of the genus Pseudangularia Burt, 1938 is proposed. The present study is the first record of the genus Pseudangularia in the Afrotropical Region. Our study confirms that, in dilepidids with vaginal sclerites from swifts, breaking off the cirrus after copulation is a frequent phenomenon. The genus Gibsonilepis n. g. is erected as monotypic for Vitta swifti Singh, 1952 (originally described from the same host species in India) and Gibsonilepis swifti n. comb. is proposed. Gibsonilepis n. g. is distinguished from Vitta Burt, 1938 by its highly elongate rostellum, rostellar sheath much bigger than rostellum, relatively small rostellar hooks possessing strongly developed guard, disc-shaped suckers with weak peripheral musculature and flat or convex central part, long and well-expressed neck, highly lobed two-winged ovary (lobes rounded) and presence of a band consisting of rows of spine-like microtriches along posterior margin of each proglottis. This is the first record of G. swifti in the Afrotropical Region. The separation of G. swifti from the genus Vitta (parasites of swallows) suggests that, contrary to previous opinions, no dilepidid genera are shared by Apodidae (swifts) and Hirundinidae (swallows).     

Description of a new cestode species Mircia shigini gen. et sp. n. (Cyclophyliidea: Schistotaeniidae)

A new genus and species of cestodes from the great-crested grebe Podiceps cristatus collected in the Eastern Europe is described. The genus Mircia gen. n. in addition to the type species M. shigini gen. n. includes the following species formerly being included in the genus Joyeuxilepis Spassky, 1947: M. decacantha (Fuhrmann, 1913) comb. n., M. decacanthoides (Borgarenko et Gulyaev, 1991) comb. n., M. fimbriata (Borgarenko, Spasskaja et Spassky, 1972), comb. n., and M. uralensis (Gulyaev, 1989) comb. n. Brief revision of the genus Joyeuxilepis is provide.     

Notopentorchis cyathiformis (Frölich, 1791) n. comb. and N. iduncula (Spassky, 1946) (Cestoda: Paruterinidae) from Palaearctic swifts (Aves: Apodiformes), with a review of the genus Notopentorchis Burt, 1938

The type-specimens of Notopentorchis cyathiformis (Frölich, 1791) n. comb. from Apus apus are redescribed. N. iduncula (Spassky, 1946) is redescribed on the basis of specimens from A. apus and A. pallidus from the Kurish Spit (USSR), Great Britain and Morocco. A re-definition of the genus Notopentorchis Burt, 1938 is presented and it is considered to include all the known species of paruterinid cestodes from swifts (Apodiformes: Apodidae and Hemiprocnidae). The valid species recognised are N. collocaliae Burt, 1938 (type-species), N. javanica (Hübscher, 1937), N. micropus Singh, 1952, N. iduncula [Syn. N. isonciphora (Dollfus, 1958), syn. nov.], N. cyathiformis and N. bovieni (Hübscher, 1937). N. vesiculigera (Krabbe, 1882) is considered a species inquirenda, as are Sphaeruterina dikeniensis Mokhehle, 1951, Dilepis cypselina Neslobinsky, 1911 and Neoangularia micropusi Gupta & Sinha, 1985, which probably belong also to Notopentorchis. Notopentorchis hindia Johri, 1950 from Coraciiformes and N. kherai Duggal & Gupta, 1986 from Passeriformes are regarded as species incertae sedis.     

A revision of the species of the genus Dicranotaenia (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae). IV. New data on the type-specimens of Dicranotaenia mergi (Yamaguti, 1940)

This fourth paper in a series revising the type-specimens of older species of the genus Dicranotaenia Railliet, 1892 sensu Spassky & Spasskaya (1954) presents new data on the type-specimens of the D. mergi (Yamaguti, 1940) from Mergus serrator L. and M. merganser L. The re-examined holotype from Tokyo has shown that the spinous cirrus is 98–135 m long with a spherical or club-shaped dilatation at its distal end. The shape of this organ differs considerably from the cirrus of D. coronula (Dujardin, 1845), which has a bulbous dilatation in its mid-part. In addition, these species differ in the shape of the aperture of the pars copulatrix vaginae and in other characters. The author therefore includes D. mergi among the valid species of the genus Dicranotaenia.     

Cestode of the family Hymenolepididae from ducks of Chukotka: Microsomacanthus parasobolevi sp. n.--a widely distributed parasite of eider ducks

A new species of the genus Microsomacanthus Lopez-Neyra, 1942 is described. The material was collected from eider ducks (Somateria mollissima, S. fischeri, and S. spectabilis) in the Chaunskaya lowland (North-Western Chukotka). Microsomacanthus parasobolevi sp. n. differs from the closest species of this genus (M. polystictae Regel, 1988, M. sobolevi Spassky et Jurpalova, 1964; M. strictophalius Tolkatchieva, 1966) by the structure and size of the copulatory organ. Wide distribution of the new species was detected based on the cestodes collections from eider ducks of the Eastern Chukotka, Lena River mouth (in the museum of the Institute of the Parasitology RAS) and Iceland (Karl Skirnisson's cestode collection of the common eider). Furthermore, this species was reported once of the common eider in Newfoundland and Labrador, but erroneously identified as Hymenglejns (Microsomacanthnis) formosoides Spasskaja et Spassky, 1961 by Bishop and Threlfall (1974).     

A revision of species of the genus Dicranotaenia (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae). II. New data on the type-specimens of Dicranotaenia sacciperium (Mayhew, 1925), D. macrostrobilodes (Mayhew, 1925) and D. introversa (Mayhew, 1925)

This second paper in a series on the revision of the type-specimens of older species of the genus Dicranotaenia Railliet, 1892 sensu Spassky & Spasskaya (1954) presents new information particularly on the measurements and configuration of cirrus and sacculus accessorius internus in D. sacciperium, D. macrostrobilodes and D. introversa. The type-material of the Dicranotaenia spp. studied, with the exception of D. sacciperium, has neither a protuberant cirrus nor a protuberant sacculus accessorius internus. The configuration of these organs, however, indicates that D. macrostrobilodes and D. introversa may be synonymous. To suggest their synonomy with D. coronula is, however, premature.     

Phragmoplastins,the Trentepohliales,and the Evolution of the Cytokinesis in Green Plants

Representatives of the monophyletic Trentepohliales are widely distributed in the tropics, subtropics, and temperate regions worldwide. They grow in soil, or are epilithic, epiphytic or endophytic. The family comprises approximately 70 species placed in at least four genera (Trentepohlia, Cephaleuros, Phycopeltis and Stomatochroon), with Trentepohlia sensu lato (including Printzina and Physolinum) accounting for half of the species in this family. PCR amplification and sequencing of the 18 SSU rDNA of 18 isolates of the Trentepohliaceae were used to assess the monophyly of the genus Cephaleuros and to determine the phylogenetic relationships among species of Trentepohlia sensu lato. Distance, Parsimony, and Maximum Likelihood analyses indicate that Trentepohlia sensu lato is basal and includes two species recently transferred to Phycopeltis (P. umbrina) and Printzina (P. lagenifera). In contrast, Cephaleuros is a derived monophyletic clade. Analysis of isolates of C. virescens, from the USA, Taiwan, and South Africa indicate that this taxon may consist of different species sharing a convergent morphology. The results of this study have implications for the taxonomy of the genera.     

Taxonomic revision of Joyeuxilepis Spassky, 1947 (Cestoda: Amabiliidae): redescriptions of J. acanthorhyncha (Wedl, 1855) and J. fuhrmanni (Solomon, 1932), a key and a new generic diagnosis

Systematic Parasitology - Two species of Joyeuxilepis Spassky, 1947 with 14 rostellar hooks are redescribed: J.&;nbsp;acanthorhyncha (Wedl, 1855) on the basis of specimens from Tachybaptus...     

The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae)

A cladistic analysis is presented for the genera of the former ichneumonine tribe Trogini. The tribe Heresiarchini is paraphyletic with respect to the Trogini, and so maintaining Trogini as a separate tribe is unsatisfactory. Within Heresiarchini, the following changes are made: (a) the subtribes Apatetorina and Heresiarchina are referred to as the Apatetor and Heresiarches genus‐groups, (b) the genera of the paraphyletic subtribe Protichneumonina are treated as incerta sedis within Heresiarchini, and (c) the Trogini are referred to as the Callajoppa genus‐group, with the former subtribe Trogina referred to as the Trogus subgroup. Thirty‐five genera are recognized as valid within the Callajoppa genus‐group. Catadelphops, Catadelphus, Cobunus, and Facydes are transferred to this group; Holojoppa is removed and is incertae sedis within Heresiarchini. Three new synonyms are proposed: Araeoscelis and Cryptopyge are junior synonyms of Macrojoppa, and Neamblyjoppa is a junior synonym of Catadelphops. Trogus latipennis Cresson is transferred to Pedinopelte from Macrojoppa, and Trogus mactator Tosquinet and its related species (T. bicolor Radoszkowski, T. heinrichi Uchida, and T. tricephalus Uchida) are transferred to Holcojoppa. Tricyphus is redefined and a neotype is designated for Tricyphus cuspidiger Kriechbaumer, the type‐species of the genus. Thirteen new genera are described (authorship of all is Wahl & Sime): Charmedia (type‐species: Charmedia chavarriai Wahl & Sime, sp. n.) , Daggoo (type‐species: Daggoo philoctetes Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Dothenia (type‐species: Dothenia hansoni Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Humbert (type‐species: Humbert humberti Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Laderrica (type‐species: Laderrica feenyi Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Mokajoppa (type‐species: Tricyphus respinozai Ward & Gauld), Metallichneumon (type‐species: Metallichneumon neurospastarchus Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), Myocious (type‐species: Myocious orientalis Wahl & Sime, sp. n.) , Quandrus (type‐species: Trogus pepsoides Smith, transferred from Callajoppa), Queequeg (type‐species: Gathetus flavibasalis Uchida, transferred from Neofacydes), Saranaca (type‐species: Trogus elegans Cresson; includes Trogus apicalis Cresson, Tricyphyus ater Hopper, and Tricyphus floridanus Heinrich), Tashtego (type‐species: Tashtego janzeni Wahl & Sime, sp. n.), and Xanthosomnium (type‐species: Xanthosomnium froesei Wahl & Sime, sp. n.). A key to the genera of the Callajoppa genus‐group is provided. The evolution of biological traits within the Callajoppa genus‐group is discussed with reference to the elucidated phylogeny. The groundplan biology is parasitism of Sphingidae, with oviposition into a host pupa/prepupa. There have been two transitions to butterfly parasitism within the Trogus subgroup: one a transition to Papilionidae (followed by a switch to Nymphalidae at Psilomastax) and the other to Nymphalidae (followed by a switch to Papilionidae within Macrojoppa). ©2002 The Linnean Society of London. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 134 , 1–56.