《兽类学报》投稿须知

本刊为兽类学的综合性学术期刊(双月刊),由中国科学院西北高原生物研究所和中国动物学会兽类学分会主办。刊登兽类学各研究领域的原创性研究论文,主要包括生态学、行为学、保护生物学、繁殖与发育、营养和生理学以及哺乳动物的进化等,也发表关于珍惜濒危兽类的饲养、疾病诊断与治疗和害兽的防治、经济兽类的开发利用等应用基础研究领域的研究论文。本刊开辟研究论文、研究简报、综述栏目,另外不定期报道新书评介、会议动态等。本刊兼收中、英文稿件,欢迎英文投稿。英文稿件建议作者请母语为英语的国外同行帮助修改。     

《兽类学报》投稿须知

<正>本刊为兽类学的综合性学术期刊(双月刊),由中国科学院西北高原生物研究所和中国动物学会兽类学分会主办。刊登兽类学各研究领域的原创性研究论文,主要包括生态学、行为学、保护生物学、繁殖与发育、营养和生理学以及哺乳动物的进化等,也发表关于珍惜濒危兽类的饲养、疾病诊断与治疗和害兽的防治、经济兽类的开发利用等应用基础研究领域的研究论文。本刊开辟研究论文、研究简报、综述栏目,另外不定期报道新书评介、会议动态等。本刊兼收中、英文稿件,欢迎英文投稿。英文稿件建议作者请母语为英语的国外同行帮助修改。     

《兽类学报》投稿须知

本刊为兽类学的综合性学术期刊(双月刊),由中国科学院西北高原生物研究所和中国动物学会兽类学分会主办。刊登兽类学各研究领域的原创性研究论文,主要包括生态学、行为学、保护生物学、繁殖与发育、营养和生理学以及哺乳动物的进化等,也发表关于珍惜濒危兽类的饲养、疾病诊断与治疗和害兽的防治、经济兽类的开发利用等应用基础研究领域的研究论文。本刊开辟研究论文、研究简报、综述栏目,另外不定期报道新书评介、会议动态等。本刊兼收中、英文稿件,欢迎英文投稿。英文稿件建议作者请母语为英语的国外同行帮助修改。     

不忘初心，砥砺前行

2022年是中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 (以下简称西高所) 建所60周年 (1962―2022)。西高所的兽类学研究也走过了60年的历程,经历了从无到有,从小到大不断发展壮大的过程。60年来,西高所的兽类学研究始终立足青藏高原,立足基础和应用基础研究,面向国家需求,围绕为区域经济和生态保护服务,在不同阶段开展了大量相应的工作,培养了大批科技人才,出版了多个学术刊物,为我国的兽类学及兽类生态学发展做出了重大贡献。     

中国国家自然科学基金对兽类学研究的资助

中国国家自然科学基金自1986年设立以来对我国兽类学研究给予了大力支持,但对其具体资助情况及其对我国兽类学发展的影响不是十分清楚,为此,对国家自然科学基金委员会生命科学部1986年以来所资助有关兽类学研究项目进行了统计分析。这些项目主要包括面上项目,重点项目,重大项目和其它专项基金项目如国家杰出青年基金项目,地区基金项目以及高技术项目等,分析结果表明,动物学科共资助有关兽类学研究的面上项目,重点项目,重大项目等131项（占学科总项目数的21.98%),总计1361.9万元（占学科总经费数的29.60%);生态学科总计资助上述各类项目49项、536.8万元（分别占学科总数的7.47%和7.09%),遗传学科动物遗传学总计资助上述各类项目39项,311.1万元,动物学科是我国开展兽类学研究的主要资助之一,生态学和动物遗传学资助有关兽类学研究项目的增加,反映了传统的兽类学研究与生态学,遗传学的结合和交叉,根据上述结果对国家自然科学基金在我国兽类学发展历程中的关键作用及其对我国兽类学发展趋势的影响进行了讨论。     

中国海兽学研究概况

中国古代关于海兽知识的年代湮远,约在公元前700-200年成书的《尔雅》中就记有白鱀豚、江豚等齿鲸。但此后的2000余年间,海兽科学和其他学科一样受封建制度的束缚,进步很慢。     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the diagnosis of breast cancer

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is used in mammalogy to specify the data obtained by traditional radiodiagnostic techniques and provides a possibility of estimating the molecular composition of pathologically altered breast tissues. This information is employed for the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign neoplasms, as well as for monitoring and predicting the efficiency of chemotherapy for breast cancer. Some technical problems and the lack of a standardized approach to the procedure of a study and interpretation of its results hinder the wide introduction of spectroscopy into clinical practice. This paper reviews the data available in the literature on proton MRS and the technical and clinical aspects of application of this technique.     

中国兽类学四十年的发展与展望

2020年是中国动物学会兽类学分会成立和《兽类学报》创刊40周年。近40年来中国兽类学在各个领域都有了健康快速地发展,特别是分类学与区系演化、种群生态学、生理生态学、行为生态学、保护生态学、保护遗传学、分子进化、栖息地评估等领域。本期有11篇论文,分别对我国这些领域的发展进行了总结,并对未来的发展提出了展望。野生哺乳动物疫病及其传播规律、兽类在生态系统中的地位和作用、保护生理学、保护宏基因组学等是需要加强发展的领域。     

华南旧石器时代的相对年代

从1951年起,到现在已在南方12个省(区)发现50多个旧石器时代含人类化石或文化遗物的地点。本文对这些发现物的年代问题加以评介。作者利用华南第四纪哺乳动物学的研究成果,着重从生物—地层学的角度来分析和讨论这一问题。     

The Dehnel-Petrusewicz Memorial Fund — an experiment in international cooperation

Following World War II, two Polish mammalogists emerged as founders of outstanding programs of research and teaching, one in ecology (K. Petrusewicz) and the other in more traditional mammalogy (A. Dehnel). Both were also leaders in international cooperation, and K. Petrusewicz in particular was effective in making Poland a center of international scientific activities. This exciting and productive situation was curtailed, starting in the mid-1970’s, by political and economic constraints. In response to this development, the Dehnel-Petrusewicz Memorial Fund was established, effectively in 1983 and formally in April 1985, to help active Polish scientists continue with their research and especially to attend international meetings. Until the Fund was dissolved in April 1999, it dispensed $12,485 in 41 grants to 33 recipients. It also helped in many other ways to encourage and facilitate the role of Polish scientists in fostering international cooperation and as effective communication bridges between the West and Soviet bloc countries.     

中国兽类生态学的进展

对近代的兽类学来说,我国虽然从本世纪二十年代即已开始分类研究,三十年代也有了生态学的论文,但是经过抗日战争的破坏,新中国建立之始,实际上处于空白状态。在建立兽类学开始之时,就比较注意兽类生态学的研究。初期的工作自不免朴素粗放一些,但对生态学的发展起到一定的作用。代表的著作可举出纪树立等(1951)的黄鼠研究和杨新史(1951)的《家鼠及其防治》,二者都是从防治医学角度进行工作的,以后此二人也都未再作此类工作。从五十年代中期大量的工作就开始了。涉及到农、林、医、牧以及基础理论的诸多方面,今就以下各方面分述于后。     

ECOTOXICOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN MARINE MAMMALOGY: RESEARCH PRINCIPLES AND GOALS FOR A CONSERVATION POLICY1

In integrating ecotoxicology and marine mammalogy two principal themes are conceivable: (1) the impact of contaminants on marine mammals and (2) the feasibility of monitoring marine pollution with marine mammals. Monitoring should be an alert procedure, carried out with a sensitive sensor. Uncertainties in interpreting analyses and the low susceptibility of marine mammals to short-term changes in pollution, make them inappropriate for pollution monitoring at present. To answer the question whether pollutants affect marine mammals, the occurrence of contaminants and the response of the animals to those chemicals have to be assessed. In studying the occurrence of contaminants it is essential that atmospheric and riverine input, geochemical processes, and processes involved with the occurrence of natural compounds are considered. To investigate the mechanisms by which pollutants affect physiological processes the kinetics of contaminants in the animals and their clinical toxicity effects have to be studied. Comparative reference data on physical and chemical blood parameters facilitates checking for hematological disorders, electrolyte imbalance, serum biochemistry and hormonal changes. Following such a concept the retrospective study of pollution effects on marine mammals might be turned into a predictive approach.     

MYSTERIES OF ADAPTATION TO HYPOXIA AND PRESSURE IN MARINE MAMMALSThe Kenneth S. Norris Lifetime Achievement Award Lecture

This paper reviews past and current work on diving behavior, effects of pressure, and the aerobic diving limit from the perspective of the Ken Norris Lifetime Achievement Award. Because of the influence of Norris to marine mammalogy in general, and to my career in particular, I want to emphasize the important tradition of mentors and colleagues as keystones to a successful career in science, and ultimately to the success of science itself. These two related activities are illustrated by studies on marine mammals that were conducted in an endeavor to understand: (1) the behavioral traits associated with deep diving, (2) the mechanical and physiological effects of pressure during routine dives to great depth, and (3) the degree of oxygen depletion that they routinely endure while diving. The search for answers has resulted in numerous physiological and ecological experiments, along with accompanying theoretical analyses. Currently it appears that some deep-diving mammals may suffer from bends, and some may resort more often than what seems physiologically possible to anaerobic metabolism while diving. Above all, the way divers manage their nitrogen and oxygen stores remains a mystery.     

Ontogenetic Evidence for Dental Homologies and Premolar Replacement in Fossil and Extant Caenolestids (Marsupialia)

It is generally accepted that the South American marsupial family Caenolestidae is characterized in part by the absence or noneruption of the third deciduous premolar (dP3) in both jaws, although juvenile stages have rarely been identified in extant or fossil representatives of the family. Published illustrations of the dentary of the Miocene caenolestid Stilotherium suggested to us, however, that P3 erupted relatively late during ontogeny, after the eruption of M4. In extant marsupials, this eruption sequence appears to represent the plesiomorphic state and this pattern is generally associated with the eruption of dP3 earlier in ontogeny, and its subsequent replacement by the erupting P3. Therefore, we suspected that a dP3 erupted in earlier ontogenetic stages of caenolestids; to test this hypothesis we searched the mammalogy collections of three museums for evidence of dP3 in juvenile specimens of caenolestids. Examination of more than 180 specimens of the three extant genera of caenolestid marsupials resulted in the identification of only nine juvenile or subadult stages of dental eruption. Seven specimens of Caenolestes and Rhyncholestes corroborated our hypotheses of late eruption of P3 in Caenolestidae. In addition, the two youngest specimens of Caenolestes possessed a tiny, rudimentary dP3, measuring about 0.4 to 0.5 mm in greatest length, associated with a mesiolingual eruption pit containing the apex of the larger P3 in very early phases of eruption above the alveolar margins. The tiny dP3 is clearly nonfunctional in occlusion, and it is questionable whether it erupted above the gun margins in life. Comparison of the dentaries of subadult caenolestids with four dentaries of the Miocene genus Stilotherium corroborated our initial impression that the fossil genus exhibited evidence of a late-erupting P3, comparable to the condition in extant caenolestids. We suggest that examination of other specimens of juvenile dentitions, skulls, and skeletons in museum collections can provide additional insight into the developmental and evolutionary biology of mammals.     

贵州两栖动物区系及地理区划的初步研究

本文报道贵州省两栖动物63种,其中省新纪录2种,即阔褶蛙和锯腿树蛙。将贵州划分为黔西高原中山、黔北中山峡谷、黔中山原丘陵、黔东南低山丘陵盆地和黔南低山河谷五个动物地理省。认为黔南低山河谷省属于向华南区过渡的华中地带。讨论了各动物地理省的地貌、气候、两栖动物区系特征及地理替代种类。分析了各动物地理省两栖动物区系的相似性及数量关系。     

对林檎分类学地位的研究

林檎与花红在新梢、花、果方面均有较大的差别,其树干及大枝上有寄生瘤状突起。中国绵苹果的酶谱差异较大,林檎与花红的酶谱最接近,主酶带均为三条,其中有两条Rf值分别为0.53、0.56的主酶带相同;林檎比花红多出一条Rf值为0.80的弱酶带。结果表明,林檎为花红的一个变种。     

微生物发酵中草药的研究现状

中草药作为天然传统药物,具有纯天然、无药残、无抗药性和毒副作用小等特点,在临床医疗和日常保健中被广泛使用.微生物发酵中草药过程中,中草药经微生物产生的酶作用后,细胞壁中的纤维素、木质素等物质被降解,其活性成分得以释放;中草药活性成分酶解为小分子物质,增强药效以利于机体消化吸收.部分中草药经发酵可以降低其毒性,减少毒副作...     

油松侧柏混交林及其纯林枯枝落叶生态效益的研究

枯枝落叶作为森林生态系统中净第一性生产力的重要组成部分,是物质循环过程中的一个物质库,起着涵养水分,减少地表蒸发,改善土壤肥力,防止水土流失的重要作用。油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)和侧柏(Platicladus orientalis)是我国北方山区防护林的主要造林树种,目前多为人工纯林。这种针叶纯林一般生长缓慢,郁闭较迟,保持水土的能力也较差,并易受自然灾害的影响,从而不能有效地     

关于订正＂野茉莉＂一名的商榷

“野茉莉”一名出自清代的《植物名实图考》,曾长期作Styracaceae科、Styrax属的汉名,至今仍作S.japonica的汉名使用。但经考证,“野茉莉”的原植物系明代《草花谱》中的紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa)．因此,将Styracaceae、Styrax的科、属汉名订正为“安息香”是正确的、合理的;但“野茉莉”既属误称,便不宜再作种或变种的汉名使用。故建议对S.japonica及其变种var.colycothrix以及该属植物S.grandiflora的汉名作相应的订正。