瑞氏木霉EG I 3＇-UTR 对基因在酿酒酵母中表达的影响

将纤维素降解菌丝状真菌瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶I(EGI)全长cDNA克隆于酿酒酵母H158中得到表达.重组酿酒酵母产生的EG Ⅰ的最适pH值为5.0,最适作用温度为50℃～60℃.EGI cDNA中的3＇-非翻译区(3＇-UTR)序列的删除导致EGI基因在酵母菌中没有活性产物表达.通过RT-PCR技术检测EGI mRNA转录水平的结果表明,带有3＇-UTR的EG[cDNA在酿酒酵母中具有明显的转录产物生成,但删除3＇-UTR之后的EG I cDNA却检测不到转录产物.这说明EG Ⅰ的3＇-UTR对基因在酵母菌中的表达具有重要作用.     

瑞氏木霉EGⅠ3′-UTR对基因在酿酒酵母中表达的影响

将纤维素降解菌丝状真菌瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅰ (EGⅠ )全长cDNA克隆于酿酒酵母H1 58中得到表达。重组酿酒酵母产生的EGⅠ的最适pH值为 5 0 ,最适作用温度为 50℃～ 60℃。EGⅠcDNA中的 3′ 非翻译区 (3′ UTR)序列的删除导致EGI基因在酵母菌中没有活性产物表达。通过RT PCR技术检测EGⅠmRNA转录水平的结果表明 ,带有 3′ UTR的EGⅠcDNA在酿酒酵母中具有明显的转录产物生成 ,但删除 3′ UTR之后的EGⅠcDNA却检测不到转录产物。这说明EGⅠ的 3′ UTR对基因在酵母菌中的表达具有重要作用。     

瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅲ基因的克隆及在酿酒酵母中的表达

采用刚果红染色法从瑞氏木霉cDNA文库中分离到一株具有CMCase活性的阳性克隆 ,测序结果显示该基因所编码的蛋白质为瑞氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶Ⅲ (EGⅢ )。对重组酿酒酵母所产生的EGⅢ进行了酶学性质分析 ,其最适pH为 5 0 ,最适温度为 60℃。检测了酿酒酵母蛋白质分泌系统组分SSO2和SEB1对EGⅢ分泌的影响。结果表明 ,在可过量表达蛋白质分泌系统组分SSO2的酿酒酵母H837中 ,EGⅢ的分泌量最高。由此分析 ,酿酒酵母SSO2蛋白可能在EGⅢ的分泌中 ,是一个限速步骤。通过PCR方法删除EGⅢ基因 5′端非翻译区的 98bp核苷酸序列使EGⅢ表达量提高了 5 3倍。这提示我们 ,瑞氏木霉的EGⅢ基因在酿酒酵母细胞中表达时 ,其mRNA 5′端先导序列中可能存在影响该基因表达水平的调控序列。     

甲胎蛋白基因的DNase Ⅰ敏感性和超敏感区与基因表达的关系

我们用大鼠AFP基因cDNA pRAF 87和5'端基因克隆片段为探针,分别探测了AFP基因活跃表达的胚肝组织、具表达潜能的成年肝组织以及不表达的肾组织AFP基因转录区和调控区的DNase Ⅰ敏感性和超敏感区。结果表明;胚肝组织和成年肝组织AFP基因在转录区和5'端调控区都显示出较高的DNase Ⅰ敏感性,而肾组织则不敏感。胚肝组织AFP基因存在三个DNase Ⅰ超敏感区:基因转录起始区,离转录起始区上游约-3 kb左右区域,另一超敏感区位于基因内部4.1 kb EcoR Ⅰ片段内。成年肝组织在转录起始区也存在一超敏感区,在基因内部4.1 kb EcoR Ⅰ片段显示较高的DNase Ⅰ敏感性。推测AFP基因上游-3 kb区域(1.5 kb HindⅢ片段区)DNase Ⅰ超敏感区可能与增强基因转录活性相关,而转录起始区超敏感区可能是维持细胞组织专一性表达所必需,基因转录区域内部DNase Ⅰ超敏感区可能与AFP基因维持具活跃表达或潜能表达的染色质空间结构相关。     

康氏木霉内切葡聚糖酶(EGⅠ)基因的克隆及表达

目的：构建纤维素酶EGⅠ原核表达载体,并对表达产物进行初步酶学性质研究。方法：以康氏木霉的总RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR扩增内切葡聚糖酶EGⅠ,重组到T7启动子控制下的质粒pET.His中,构建重组质粒pET.His-EGⅠ,并将其转化至E.coli BL21（DE3）plysS感受态细胞中,经0.4mmol/L的IPTG诱导表达后对其表达产物进行13%SDS-PAGE分析。结果：SDS-PAGE电泳显示EGⅠ在大肠杆菌中得到了与预期目的蛋白相一致的外源蛋白带,分子量约45kDa。初步研究表明：重组蛋白具有内切葡聚糖酶活性,最适pH为6.0,温度在30℃～40℃时酶活稳定,金属离子Mn2＋对酶活力有明显的促进作用。结论：纤维素酶EGⅠ在大肠杆菌中成功表达,具有一定活性。     

白地霉ch-3脂肪酶Ⅰ基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

构建了白地霉脂肪酶Ⅰ的基因工程菌,为进一步进行蛋白质工程改造和脂肪酶应用奠定了基础。从新疆昌吉市油脂化工厂含油冻土中分离得到1株低温脂肪酶产生菌-白地霉ch-3。该菌发酵上清液中的脂肪酶最适作用温度为35℃,在0℃仍可保持66%的相对酶活力。应用PCR技术从白地霉ch-3基因组DNA中克隆得到脂肪酶Ⅰ基因lip1,将该基因与原核表达质粒载体pET-22b（＋）连接,构建重组质粒pETl-ip1,转化E.coliBL21（DE3）,酶切鉴定,筛选得到重组菌。十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙希酰胺（SDS-PAGE）显示重组脂肪酶Ⅰ的相对分子质量约为5.8×10^4,酶活为2.73 U/mL,表明lip1基因的表达产物具有正常的生物学活性。白地霉ch-3脂肪酶Ⅰ基因lip1能够在大肠杆菌中有效地表达。     

哈茨木霉几丁质酶cDNA基因的克隆及在酿酒酵母中的表达

为研究哈茨木霉 (Trichodermaharzianum)的生物防治机制并获得与生物防治相关基因 ,通过构建哈茨木霉菌丝生长期的cDNA文库及对部分表达序列标签序列的测定与生物信息学分析 ,成功获得了哈茨木霉几丁质酶v(ChiV)基因的全长cDNA序列。该基因的编码框长度为 1194bp ,编码 397个氨基酸 ,理论分子量为 4 4kD。将该基因构建到酿酒酵母诱导型表达载体pYES2上 ,转化到酿酒酵母H15 8菌株中 ,通过Northern杂交检验后 ,确定该基因在酿酒酵母转录水平上表达。在 β_半乳糖诱导下 ,转化子在培养 6 0h时产生的酶活活性最高 ,几丁质酶V最适活性温度为 37℃ ,在pH 6和pH 8时活性较高。     

长枝木霉eg1基因的克隆及表达

从长枝木霉3.1029基因组中克隆了内切葡聚糖酶EGI基因,该基因全长1 566 bp,由3个外显子2个内含子组成,编码461个氨基酸,编码蛋白的N端为22aa组成的信号肽。采用重叠PCR法获得无内含子的内切葡聚糖酶基因eg1,构建成pYE-Leg1重组质粒;同时将其成熟肽编码序列插入酿酒酵母分泌型表达载体pYEα中,构建成pYEα-Leg1重组质粒;分别转化酿酒酵母。重组转化子经β-半乳糖诱导,检测表达产物的酶活,结果表明,pYE-Leg1转化子无明显胞外酶活;而pYEα-Leg1转化子在刚果红平板上可产生明显的水解圈,酶活检测显示pYEα载体可有效地将该基因在酿酒酵母中表达并分泌到胞外,发酵液中的酶活在培养96 h达到最高1.16 U/mL,最适酶解温度为50℃,最适pH值为5.6。以上研究将为利用酿酒酵母生产胞外纤维素酶提供依据。     

特异腐质霉中性内切葡聚糖酶Ⅱ基因的克隆及表达

利用RT-PCR的方法,以特异腐质霉（Humicola insolerts）H31-3总RNA为模板,克隆到中性内切葡聚糖酶Ⅱ基因egl2的cDNA,将其插入到表达载体pGAPZαA中,重组质粒经线性化,电击转化毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）菌株GS115,筛选到分泌表达重组EGⅡ的毕赤酵母工程菌株。SDS-PAGE检测结果表明,重组EGⅡ在酵母中得到了特异性表达,表达产物的表观分子量约为55kD,同时对工程菌株的发酵条件和重组EGⅡ的性质进行了初步研究。     

山羊与牛乳腺差异表达基因的筛选及半定量RT-PCR分析

山羊和奶牛具有非常相似的泌乳过程,但在产乳量和乳成分(脂肪和蛋白含量)之间存在很大的差异,而且山羊奶还具有特殊的膻味。本研究根据山羊和牛在基因编码序列上具有非常高的保守性原理,利用抑制消减杂交技术对3只西农萨能奶山羊和3头荷斯坦奶牛泌乳末期的乳腺组织进行差异表达基因分析。分别提取山羊和牛乳腺组织总RNA,分离mRNA并合成cDNA,以山羊乳腺组织cDNA作为测试,牛的乳腺组织cDNA作为对照。cDNA经RsaⅠ酶切后将测试组cDNA分成两组,分别衔接两种不同接头,再与对照组cDNA进行两次消减杂交及两次PCR反应,产物与T/A克隆载体连接,构建cDNA消减文库,并转染大肠杆菌进行文库扩增。随机挑选克隆经PCR鉴定发现有150个克隆具有200bp-1000bp插入片段,挑选50个差异片段不等的克隆进行测序及同源性分析,结果得到5个已知乳蛋白(αs2酪蛋白、β酪蛋白、К酪蛋白、α乳清白蛋白和β乳球蛋白)基因的编码序列和6个新的EST序列,EST序列已登录GenBank,登录号分别为EG588067、EG588068、EG588069、EG588070、EG588071和EG588072。通过半定量RT-PCR分析,发现β酪蛋白基因mRNA表达量在山羊乳腺中显著高于其在牛乳腺中的表达量,К酪蛋白在乳腺中的mRNA含量与其所表达的蛋白质在乳中含量存在很大差异,表明К酪蛋白虽然和其他酪蛋白具有相同的调控机制,但其在分泌和运输机制上与其他酪蛋白不同。     

Screening of optimal cellulases from symbiotic protists of termites through expression in the secretory pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

For direct and efficient ethanol production from cellulosic materials, we screened optimal cellulases from symbiotic protists of termites through heterologous expression with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 11 cellulases, belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 5, 7, and 45 endoglucanases (EGs), were confirmed to produce with S. cerevisiae for the first time. A recombinant yeast expressing SM2042B24 EG I was more efficient at degrading carboxylmethyl cellulose than was Trichoderma reesei EG I, a major EG with high cellulolytic activity.     

Functional cloning of an endo-arabinanase from Aspergillus aculeatus and its heterologous expression in A. or oryzae and tobacco

Functional cloning in yeast has been used to isolate full-length cDNAs encoding an endo-alpha-1,5-L-arabinanase from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus aculeatus. Screening of a cDNA library constructed in a yeast expression vector for transformants that hydrolysed AZCL-arabinan identified 44 Saccharomyces cerevisiae clones all harbouring the same arabinanase-encoding cDNA. The cloned cDNA was expressed in A. oryzae and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The mode of action of the enzyme was studied by analysis of the digestion pattern towards debranched arabinan. The digestion profile obtained strongly suggests that the enzyme is an endo-arabinanase. In addition, the feasibility using Nicotiana tabacum as an alternative host for arabinanase expression was investigated.     

The conserved terminal region of Trichoderma reesei cellulases forms a strong antigenic epitope for polyclonal antibodies.

The specificity of polyclonal antibodies (Pab) raised against Trichoderma reesei cellulases has been studied. cDNAs lacking regions coding for certain functional domains were produced by preparing series of 3'-end deletions from the cDNAs for two cellobiohydrolases, CBH I and CBH II, and an endoglucanase, EG I. The proteins coded by the full length cDNAs and the truncated proteins coded by the deleted cDNAs were expressed in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, under the control of the ADC1 promoter. Each polyclonal antiserum showed cross-reactivity with other cellulases. Pabs for CBH I and CBH II both recognized EG I. Pab for EG I strongly recognized both CBH I and CBH II. By analyzing the truncated proteins, we found that these antibodies were almost entirely directed against the conserved tail of the cellulase enzymes.     

虹鳟生长激素cDNA在酵母中的表达

采用聚合酶链式反应（ Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ） 技术对虹鳟生长激素ｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 进行改造。将改造后的基因克隆到含酵母 Ｐ Ｇ Ｋ 启动子的大肠杆菌酵母穿梭质粒ｐ Ｍ Ａ９１ ,转化酿酒酵母 Ｙ３３ ,构建表达鱼生长激素的酵母工程菌 Ｙ３３（ｐ Ｍ Ａｒ Ｇ Ｈ１６） ,并在酵母中获得表达,表达量约占细胞可溶性蛋白总量的３ ％ 。表达产物作为饲料添加剂投喂罗非鱼,具有明显的促进生长作用     

The carboxy-terminal region of mammalian HSP90 is required for its dimerization and function in vivo.

The majority of mouse HSP90 exists as alpha-alpha and beta-beta homodimers. Truncation of the 15-kDa carboxy-terminal region of mouse HSP90 by digestion with the Ca(2+)-dependent protease m-calpain caused dissociation of the dimer. When expressed in a reticulocyte lysate, the full-length human HSP90 alpha formed a dimeric form. A plasmid harboring human HSP90 alpha cDNA was constructed so that the carboxy-terminal 49 amino acid residues were removed when translated in vitro. This carboxy-terminally truncated human HSP90 alpha was found to exist as a monomer. In contrast, loss of the 118 amino acid residues from the amino terminus of human HSP90 alpha did not affect its in vitro dimerization. Introduction of an expression plasmid harboring the full-length human HSP90 alpha complements the lethality caused by the double mutations of two HSP90-related genes, hsp82 and hsc82, in a haploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The carboxy-terminally truncated human HSP90 alpha neither formed dimers in yeast cells nor rescued the lethal double mutant.     

Antisense-Mediated Inhibition of Acid Trehalase (ATH1) Gene Expression Promotes Ethanol Fermentation and Tolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Acid trehalase gene (ATH1) expression was decreased using the antisense-RNA technique in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The 500 bp DNA fragments containing anti-ATH1 gene between +1 and +500 were amplified using PCR and fused to yeast ADH1, CYC1 and ATH1 promoters. Yeast cells harboring the recombinant plasmids had a low activity of acid trehalase and promoted ethanol fermentation compared to the control yeast cells harboring the vector plasmid only. The recombinant yeast had a high viability with 8% (v/v) ethanol.     

二色补血草LbDREB基因在酵母中的抗逆性分析

利用酵母表达系统研究了二色补血草的DREB基因（LbDREB）对不同胁迫的抗性。将LbDREB构建到酵母表达载体pYES2中,转化到酿酒酵母INVSc1菌株中,并以转空pYES2质粒的酵母INVSc1（pYES2）作为对照,通过比较两种酵母在不同胁迫下的存活率来研究LbDREB基因对NaCl、KH_2PO_4、Na_2CO_3、NaHCO_3、低温、干旱、CuSO_4和CdCl_2胁迫的抗性。结果表明,LbDREB转化的酵母在各种胁迫下的存活率均明显高于转空pYES2的对照酵母,说明LbDREB基因除了具有传统认为的抗旱、耐盐、抗寒的作用外,还具有抗KH_2PO_4、Na_2CO_3、NaHCO_3、CuSO_4和CdCl_2等胁迫的能力。     

Screening of Optimal Cellulases from Symbiotic Protists of Termites through Expression in the Secretory Pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

For direct and efficient ethanol production from cellulosic materials, we screened optimal cellulases from symbiotic protists of termites through heterologous expression with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 11 cellulases, belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 5, 7, and 45 endoglucanases (EGs), were confirmed to produce with S. cerevisiae for the first time. A recombinant yeast expressing SM2042B24 EG I was more efficient at degrading carboxylmethyl cellulose than was Trichoderma reesei EG I, a major EG with high cellulolytic activity.