1. Zenker's solution 4 hours at 37°C or Dominici's 3 hours.
2. 70% alcohol, 12 to 18 hours at room temperature.
3. 80% alcohol, about 5 to 6 hours.
4. 90% alcohol, about 4 to 6 hours.
5. Absolute alcohol about 16 hours.
6. Ether and absolute alcohol aa, about 8 hours.
7. 16 to 24 hours in the following mixture: celloidin 1 g., methyl salycilate 25 cc., abs. alcohol 25 cc., ether 25 cc.
8. Chloroform and paraffin, 2 to 3 hours.
10. Paraffin, 1 to 1 1/2 hours.
11. Embed.
1. Cut sections 4 to 5 μ.
2. Bring section to water and cover with Lugol's iodine for 10 minutes.
3. Decolorize with a 2% sodium thiosulfate (hypo).
4. Wash thoroly with water.
5. Cover with a mixture of equal parts of 0.5% phloxine and 1% eosin Y (National Aniline brand) and leave for 15 minutes.
6. Wash with water and stain 2 to 5 minutes in 0.1% azure B (National Aniline).
7. Wash with 96% alcohol and decolorize in a mixture of 2 parts absolute alcohol with 1 part clove oil, ordinarily for not more than 1/2 to 1 minute.
8. Dehydrate rapidly, clear, and mount in Yucatan Elemi.
l-Aspartate was found to replace l-asparagine in the protective action from acid inactivation of l-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) produced by Escherichia coli A–1–3 and at the same time to inhibit the proteolytic inactivation by α-chymotrypsin.
l-Asparaginase changed in its chromatographic properties in the presence of l-aspartate and became to be absorbed on the CM Sephadex column.
The sedimentation patterns of l-asparaginase at pH 3.5 were identical either in the presence or absence of l-aspartate, showing partial dissociation. But the reversibility to the active state was observed only in the enzyme dissolved in the solution containing l-aspartate.
l-Aspartate did not prevent the enzyme either from the dissociation into subunits or from decrease in the activity by urea.
High concentration of l-aspartate was shown to inhibit the l-asparagine hydrolysis reaction.
l-Aspartate was suggested from ORD measurements to cause changes in the higher structure as well as the ionic properties or proteolytic inactivation.
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inefficiency of the purification procedure;
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surface denaturation;
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imperfect freeze-drying of the final product; and
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factors yet unknown vhich cause alteration in the immoglobulins or other protein components not ellminated by the purification procedures.
The catalase activity of Candida tropicalis pK 233 was induced by hydrocarbons but not by glucose, galactose, ethanol, acetate or lauryl alcohol.
The induction of the catalase activity depending upon hydrocarbons was sensitive to cycloheximide but not to chloramphenicol.
Glucose repressed strongly the induction of the catalase activity by hydrocarbons but galactose did not affect seriously.
When C. tropicalis was incubated with hydrocarbons, the appearance of microbodies was observed electronmicroscopicaliy.
The 1C conformation was estimated for α-d-galactopyranosiduronic acid moiety of pectic acid in the permethylated derivative dissolved in 1 n NaOD-D2O and in the peracetylated derivative dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide-d6, and the C1 conformation was estimated for some derivatives of d-galactopyranuronic acid in chloroform-d by NMR spectroscopy.
Random conformation of the whole macromolecule was estimated for pectic acid in water on the basis of no appearance of any induced Cotton effects in the 200 ~ 700 mμ region in the ORD spectra of pectic acid-anionic dye complexes.
The conformation was supported by the fact that the rate of periodate oxidation of pectic acid at 5° was slightly decreased in comparison with that of amylase in 7 m urea solution.
- Clinical significance
Elevated sarcosine levels are associated with prostate and colorectal cancer, Alzheimer, dementia, stomach cancer and sarcosinemia.
Quantitative determination of sarcosine is of great importance in clinical chemistry as well as food and fermentation industries.
Attempts made in development of sarcosine biosensors have been reviewed with their advantages and disadvantages, so that scientist and clinicians can improvise the methods of developing more potent sarcosine biosensor applicable in multitudinous fields.
This is the first comprehensive review which compares the various immobilization methods, sensing principles, strategies used in biosensors and their analytical performance in detail.
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In L3‐Stadien von A. pisum sind zwischen 55 und 85 potentielle Bakteriocyten vorhanden, von dene ca. 60–80 % besiedelt sind.
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Eine Reduktion des besiedelten Anteils in der F1‐Generation auf unter 50% läßt eine deutliche Depression in der F2‐Generation erwarten.
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Das Kriterium Embryonenlänge ist großen Schwankungen unterworfen und eignet sich nur bedingt als Unterscheidungsmerkmal.
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Die von Fröhlich (1990) vorgeschlagene Methodik zum Symbiontizidscreening bei A. pisum mit dem Standard OTC 2000 ppm und der Auszählung der mit TTC angefärbten Bakteriocyten unter dem Mikroskop läßt eine praktikable Testung von Substanzen auf symbiontizide Wirkung bei A. pisum zu. Es wird jedoch als günstiger angesehen, nicht die Larven mit den Pflanzen zu behandeln, wie von Fröhlich (1990) vorgeschlagen, sondern erst nach dem Antrocknen des Spritzbelages Adulte zur Erzeugung von F1‐Larven anzusetzen.
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Es konnte eindeutig nachgewiesen werden, daß die von den Prüfsubstanzen hervorgerufenen aphiziden Effekte, insbesondere durch Cycloheximid (100/500 ppm) sowie Neemkernextrakt (50%), nicht auf einem symbiontiziden Wirkungsmechanismus beruhen (Ausnahme Oxytetracyclin 2000 ppm als Standard).
- Research highlights
An efficient immobilization protocol on polyurethane foam was developed
Polyethyleneimine and acetic acid were used to regulate the micro-environment concurrently
The activity of lipase immobilized on PUF-HCL-AA/PEI was improved by 2.41 times
Immobilized lipase exhibited excellent operational stability for vitamin A palmitate synthesis
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Determine concernsby using risk assessment techniques for various scenarios.
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Identify the consequences by systematically identifying hazards.
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Undertake calculations by using relevant models.
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Evaluate certainties, uncertainties, and probabilities involved in the calculations of the vulnerability and of the exposure.
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Compare with criteriato assess the need for further action.
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Determine and act on options to control, mitigate, and adapt to the risk.
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Communicatethe results to those who need to know.
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l'archisporio è pluricellulare e possono svilupparis talvolta pi[ugrave] cellule madri;
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normalmente solo una cellula madre arriva a maturità;
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delle quattro megaspore solo una è fertile e precisamente la pi[ugrave] calazale;
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lo sviluppo del gametofito è del tipo Normale cioè Monomegasporiale con oangio emisporiale.
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Identification of skulls
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Taxonomic situation of the vicugna
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Origin of the alpaca.
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Nyssodrysilla nov. gen. mit N. irrorata (Melzer) aus Brasilien als Generotype, N. viliata (Melzer), comb, nov., aus Brasilien und N. lineata nov. spec, aus Peru.
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Nyssodrysola nov. gen. mit N. stictica nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Sciadosurus nov. gen. mit S. albobrunneus nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Acarinozineus nov. gen. mit A. striatus nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype und A. spinicornis nov. spec, aus Mexiko.
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Alcathousites nov. gen. mit A. chaclacayoi nov. spec. aus Peru als Generotype.
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Xylergatina nov. gen. mit X. pulcher (Lane) aus Peru als Generotype.
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Xylergatoides nov. gen. mit X. asper (Bates) aus Brasilien und Argentinien als Generotype.
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Xylergates Bates, Generotype X. lacteus (Bates), mit Beschreibung der beiden neuen Arten X. elaineae aus Peru und X. dorotheae aus Britisch‐Guayana.
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Chaetanes Bates, Generotype C. setiger (Bates), mit Beschreibung der drei neuen Arten C. costulatus aus Peru, C. nigrobasalis aus Brasilien und C. apicalis aus Französisch‐Guayana.
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Wo es erforderlich ist, sind Bestimmungstabellen gebracht und die Arten abgebildet.
1. Both amounts of lipid phosphorus and acid-insoluble nitrogen in the mitochondrial fraction from chilling-injured sweet potatoes (var. Okinawa 100) were larger than in the fraction from healthy sweet potatoes. The N-amount appeared to be increased more by chilling-injury than the P-amount.
2. Sweet potato, a tropical plant, showed lower value of the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids in mitochondrial fraction than white potato, a temperate-zone plant.
3. The amount of unsaturated fatty acids of C16, C18 and C20 as percentage of the total fatty acids was higher in mitochondrial fractions from chilling-injured sweet potatoes (var. Okinawa 100 and var. Norin 1) than in mitochondrial fractions from healthy sweet potatoes. However, in the case of white potato mitochondrial fraction no detectable difference was observed between storage at 0~1°C and at 10~14°C.
- HIGHLIGHTS
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Series of oxazole benzylamines were designed and synthesised
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The tested compounds showed binding selectivity for BChE
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Naphthoxazoles were more potent AChE inhibitors
- Highlights
The present investigation signifies the role of Enterobacter spp. in various processes:
??To synthesize gallic acid (a precursor for food oxidant such as propyl gallate) and a bacteriostatic antibiotic (trimethoprim).
??To protect the environment from tannery’s discharge through the process of biodegradation.
??To reduce the toxicity of tannins in animal feed.
Very useful nitrogen source: Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid
Useful nitrogen source: Alanine, Diammonium citrate
Insufficient nitrogen source: Glycine, Proline
Harmful for chick growth: Serine
Total concentration of soluble salts.
Relative proportion of sodium to other cations.
Concentration of boron or other toxic elements.
Under certain conditions, the bicarbonate concentration as related to the concentration of calcium plus magnesium.