黑果枸杞色素的提取和精制工艺研究

本文采用正交实验法对黑果枸杞色素的提取和精制工艺进行了研究。结果表明,黑果枸杞色素的最佳提取条件为:以pH 3.0的80%乙醇作浸提剂,提取温度50℃,提取时间3 h,固液配比1:40;用X-5大孔吸附树脂对色素进行精制,以树脂柱径高比1:15、流速3 mL/minp、H 3.0、色素液浓度1 g/L为最佳吸附条件,色素的吸附量可达0.03715 g/mL湿树脂体积;而以95%乙醇做洗脱液,在pH 2.0、流速5 mL/min、3倍于柱床体积的洗脱液条件下解吸附效果最佳,色素回收率达到97.78%;制取的色素产品外观呈紫红色,色价为36.7。     

大孔吸附树脂分离富集苜蓿皂甙的研究

本项工作以对苜蓿皂甙的吸附量和解吸率为指标筛选大孔吸附树脂。研究结果表明,X-5吸附树脂具有较好的吸附性能和解吸效果。研究应用正交试验方法进一步对大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苜蓿皂甙的工艺条件进行试验分析,确定苜蓿皂甙分离富集的最佳操作条件为:上样浓度8mg/mL,色谱柱的径高比1∶7,药材-树脂比例1∶3;吸附完全后,先以水洗脱,除去杂质,再以50%乙醇洗脱,可以得到纯度较好的苜蓿皂甙。     

AB-8大孔树脂吸附分离红花桑寄生总黄酮的影响因子研究

AB-8大孔吸附树脂对红花桑寄生总黄酮静态吸附和动态洗脱的效果,受提取液质量浓度、pH值及环境温度、振速以及洗脱剂乙醇浓度、流速等因素影响。试验表明,提取液质量浓度和pH值对AB-8树脂的吸附效果有显著影响,其吸附分离总黄酮的工艺条件为:浓度为1.2~2.0 mg/ml、pH 3.0~4.0的红花桑寄生提取液,置于摇床上,于室温条件下振荡(振速160 r/min)吸附2~3 h,然后用5倍于树脂体积(5BV)的50%乙醇以1.5 ml/min流速进行柱上动态解吸。AB-8树脂对红花桑寄生总黄酮的饱和吸附量可达29.0 mg/g,动态洗脱率达95.0%,获得产品中黄酮纯度为46.0%,得率为5.5%。     

天然茄子皮红色素分离纯化的动态吸附参数研究

运用静态吸附与解吸试验对5种大孔吸附树脂进行了筛选,通过单因素试验、正交试验确定了大孔树脂吸附茄子皮红色素的最佳操作条件.结果表明,HPD-100树脂对茄子皮红色素的吸附和解吸性能较好;最佳吸附条件为A2B2C2,即料液浓度(以吸光度计)为0.435 Abs,上柱速率为3.0 BV/h,pH值为2.53.     

大孔树脂用于菊苣菊粉的脱色研究

运用静态吸附试验对8种大孔树脂进行筛选,通过单因素试验、正交试验和方差分析确定了菊苣菊粉脱色的最佳操作条件.结果表明,LSD-263树脂对菊苣菊粉色素的吸附性能较好;最佳脱色条件为:上柱温度45℃,色素浓度(以吸光度计)0.773 Abs,上柱速度3 BV/h.在此条件下,LSD-263树脂对色素的吸附量可达14.48△AV/mL,菊粉损失率仅为2.38%.     

大孔树脂对甜菊糖的纯化

通过静态吸附比较三种大孔树脂对甜菊糖中莱鲍迪甙A(RA)和甜菊甙(ST)的吸附和解吸能力,利用高效液相色谱对结果进行检测,从中筛选出对RA和ST吸附效果最佳的LX-68M树脂。纯化工艺为30℃下,LX-68M树脂对RA和ST在6h后达到吸附饱和,吸附量分别为干树脂RA 85.00mg/g和ST 121.50mg/g。动态洗脱结果表明:以55%的乙醇为洗脱液,在2BV/h的洗脱速度下,经LX-68M树脂处理后的甜菊糖溶液纯度由75.5%提高到77.8%。表明LX-68M树脂对于甜叶菊糖苷工业生产的应用前景较好。     

紫葳科植物猫爪藤阿克替苷的提取富集工艺

建立UPLC测定猫爪藤Macfadyena unguis-cati阿克替苷含量的方法,采用单因素实验和正交试验优化阿克替苷提取工艺,通过静态、动态吸附与解吸实验筛选适合富集阿克替苷的大孔树脂,并对富集工艺进行研究。UPLC条件:色谱柱HSST3柱(2.1×100 mm,1.8μm);流动相0.1%甲酸(A)-乙腈(B);梯度90%A 5 min,75%A 7.5 min,30%A 9 min,90%A;检测波长310 nm;柱温25℃;流速0.3 mL·min~(-1);保留时间5.21 min。在UPLC条件下阿克替苷在0.25~100 ng进样范围内峰面积与进样量呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=89.002X-4.8275,R=0.9999。单因素实验显示,70%乙醇为最佳提取溶剂。正交试验确定最佳提取条件为70%乙醇,料液比1∶10,提取时间12 h。静态、动态吸附和解吸实验确定HP-20大孔树脂为最佳富集材料。富集工艺为4倍体积15%乙醇洗脱除杂后收集4倍体积40%乙醇洗脱的部分。     

大孔吸附树脂对苜蓿皂苷的吸附和解吸附作用(英文)

采用5种不同极性的树脂(AB-8、S-8、NKA-9、D-101和X-5)来评价对苜蓿皂苷的吸附和解吸附作用,其中中等极性的AB-8树脂对苜蓿皂苷具有最大的吸附量,用55%~65%的乙醇溶液能有效地将吸附的皂苷洗脱下来。当苜蓿粗提物量和AB-8树脂量为1∶1时,树脂的吸附量达到饱和。采用AB-8树脂,用90%乙醇洗脱,苜蓿提取物的最大解吸附量为108.4 mg/g干重树脂。通过大孔树脂吸附和解吸附,将90%乙醇洗脱液浓缩,皂苷含量(53%)是苜蓿粗提物含量(5.68%)的9倍。结果表明,AB-8大孔吸附树脂可用于苜蓿皂苷的大规模制备。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化山茱萸总皂苷的动态吸附条件研究

为了研究大孔吸附树脂纯化山茱萸总皂苷的动态吸附工艺,运用静态吸附与解吸试验对大孔吸附树脂进行筛选,然后通过单因素试验、正交试验和方差分析确定了大孔吸附树脂吸附山茱萸总皂苷的最佳操作条件.结果表明,HPD-300树脂对山茱萸总皂苷的吸附和解吸性能较好.确定的最佳吸附条件为料液浓度3.5 m g.mL-1,上柱速度3.5 BV.h-1,pH值为7.0.HPD-300大孔吸附树脂可较好地纯化山茱萸总皂苷.     

聚酰胺树脂精制青钱柳黄酮的研究

研究青钱柳黄酮的最佳精制工艺.通过不同条件下聚酰胺树脂对青钱柳黄酮的静态和动态吸附与解吸特性的研究,确定聚酰胺树脂对青钱柳黄酮的最佳精制工艺;采用优选出的最佳精制工艺对青钱柳黄酮粗提物进行多次精制,得到高纯度青钱柳黄酮.聚酰胺树脂精制的最佳条件是:在室温和吸附液为碱性,吸附流速为2.0 mL/min时吸附能力最强;在室温和解吸流速为2.0 mL/min时,以40%乙醇洗脱效果最好;青钱柳黄酮粗提物经过聚酰胺树脂三次吸附和解吸后黄酮含量由粗品的11.40%提高到了81.34%,纯度提高了6.14倍.聚酰胺树脂对青钱柳黄酮纯化效果好,总黄酮含量高,产品安全.     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418