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《激光生物学报》2015,(4)
纳米金颗粒是近年研究最为广泛的纳米材料之一,它具有良好的生物相容性、化学稳定性以及独特的光学性质,在生物分子检测、诊断和治疗方面具有很大的发展潜力。尤其是纳米金显示出特殊的表面等离子体共振现象,导致了粒子表面产生强电磁场,并最终增强了诸如吸收和散射的辐射特性,其散射光强与粒子的尺寸和团聚状态有密切关系。而由于共振现象而产生的纳米金对光的强烈吸收并高效转换为热效应也被用于检测和治疗。此外,与纳米金尺寸相关的局域表面等离子体共振光学特性,能够在粒子附近产生很强的电磁场增强,从而构成表面增强拉曼散射的基础。纳米金在强光照射下也表现出良好的抗光漂白的荧光现象,其特有的荧光寿命也成为检测的一种有效手段。与其他荧光物质作用时,又表现出表面增强荧光特性以及荧光共振能量转移。综述中,在介绍纳米金这些特殊光学性质的基础上,回顾了其在生物分子检测方面的应用进展。 相似文献
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金纳米棒具有独特的光学性质、表面易修饰性、较低的生物毒性和良好的生物相容性,因而在成像、光热治疗和药物载带等方面具有极高的潜在应用价值.本文综述了典型的金纳米棒表面修饰方法及其在生物成像、光热治疗和药物治疗中的应用,重点阐述了通过金纳米棒同时实现肿瘤诊断和治疗相结合的研究进展. 相似文献
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金纳米棒的光学性质及其在生物医学领域的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简要介绍金纳米棒的光学性质和合成方法,重点阐述其在生物医学领域研究的最新进展,并对其今后的研究方向进行展望.金纳米棒是一种胶囊状的金纳米颗粒,具有一个横向等离子共振吸收峰和一个纵向等离子共振吸收峰,分别对应其横轴和纵轴两个特征尺寸.通过调节金纳米棒的长径比,纵向等离子共振吸收峰可由可见光区跨越至近红外光区.金纳米棒这一独特的光学性质在生物和化学传感方面有着广泛而重要的应用前景. 相似文献
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金纳米簇(AuNCs)作为一种新型荧光纳米材料,是由几个到约一百个金原子组成的分子聚集体,因制备简单、光学性质优异以及毒性低等特性,近年来在生物传感领域得到了广泛应用。本文首先对以巯基化合物、树枝状化合物、多肽和蛋白质、寡核苷酸DNA等为模板制备AuNCs的模板法及其优点进行阐述,对AuNCs的紫外吸收、荧光及电化学性质进行介绍,之后重点总结基于荧光AuNCs的生物传感器在生物大分子及小分子检测中的应用,最后对AuNCs应用于生物传感领域所面临的挑战进行分析,并对其应用前景进行展望。 相似文献
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抗体和寡核苷酸双标记纳米金生物探针的制备及性能分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于纳米金粒子与抗体静电吸附作用,与硫醇修饰的寡核苷酸共价结合,建立一种新的双标记纳米金生物探针的制备方法.通过透射电镜(TEM)、紫外光谱、斑点免疫金渗滤法、免疫金银染色光镜观察法、荧光标记法等检测探针表征,及表面抗体活性情况和寡核苷酸的覆盖率,同时采用变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)检测寡核苷酸的存在.结果表明,纳米金粒子同时连接抗体和寡核苷酸后生物性能良好,且每个纳米金粒子(10±3)nm表面可覆盖寡核苷酸(92±20)条,双标记纳米金生物探针的制备具有简捷、稳定的特点.可作为一种新型探针应用于超微量蛋白质检测. 相似文献
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生物分子的纳米粒子标记和检测技术 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
生物分子的标记和检测一直是生物分析领域的重要内容 .近年来 ,纳米材料与生物检测技术的结合 ,使得生物分子的检测有了重要的发展 ,这一交叉学科现已成为生物分析领域最具活力的研究方向 .对近期出现的新型纳米粒子标记物的性质、检测原理、特点和应用进行了评述 ,并分析了用该标记物进行分析的可能发展方向 相似文献
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Ultrasensitive one-step rapid visual detection of bisphenol A in water samples by label-free aptasensor 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A simple, one-step, rapid method to detect bisphenol A (BPA) using a label-free aptasensor is presented. A high selective anti-BPA aptamer was added to gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to prepare the label-free aptasensor for BPA, which maintains good tolerance of GNPs under aqueous conditions with high salt concentrations. With the presence of BPA in the aptasensor system, the GNPs would aggregate by competitive binding of BPA and aptamer. Detection results can be visualized by the aggregation-induced color change of GNPs without the use of any instrumentation. The limit of visual detection (LOD) was found to be 0.1ng/mL by naked-eye observation, which was competitive to some current rapid BPA detection methods, even some instrumental based methods. Besides the obvious advantages, including reduced detection time and operation procedures, the results of this method meet the various detection requirements for BPA and are comparable to the traditional ELISA and instrument-based methods. The proposed one-step, label-free method was successfully used to determine BPA in actual water samples. 相似文献
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单核苷酸多态性检测方法的新进展 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)是第三代遗传标记,在基因定位、遗传疾病和人类起源等理论研究中具有重大意义, 在抗药性或药物过敏反应中扮演着极其重要的角色,正逐步成为分子诊断、临床检验、新药研发的重要手段。随着人类基因组测序的完成,SNP分型和发现成为遗传和生命医学领域研究的热点之一。近年来,SNP的检测方法层出不穷,发展很快。文章综述和分析了几种新建立的SNP检测方法,包括基因芯片、分子探针、荧光偏振、荧光共振、质谱和磁性颗粒分析。在生物化学、工程学和分析软件等方面取得突破的基础上,有望建立灵敏准确、简便易行、高通量、低费用的SNP技术。Abstract: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the third generation genetic marker. SNP detection now is becoming increasingly important means in molecular diagnostics, clinical assay and novel drug development. It plays an essential role in drug resistance and anaphylactic reaction and has the importamce in theoretical studies of gene location, hereditary diseases and human origin. With the accomplishment of human genome sequencing, the genotyping and discovering of SNP are becoming hot subjects in genetics and biomedicine researches. The methods for SNP detection were renewed rapidly and developed fast in past few years. In this review, several newly established detection methods including gene chip, molecular probe, fluorescence polarization and resonance, mass spectrometry, and bacterial magnetic particle are discussed. It could be expected that an accurate and sensitive, simple and easy-to-handle SNP technology with low cost and high throughput will be available on the basis of research breakthroughs of biochemistry, engineering and analytic software. 相似文献
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A novel electrochemical method of detecting DNA hybridization is presented based on the change in flexibility between the single and double stranded DNA. A recognition surface based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is firstly modified via mixing self-assembled monolayer of thiolated probe DNA and 1,6-hexanedithiol. The hybridization and electrochemical detection are performed on the surface of probe-modified GNPs and electrode, respectively. Here in our method the charge transfer resistance (R(ct)) signal is enhanced by blocking the surface of electrode with DNA covered GNPs. The GNPs will be able to adsorb on the gold electrode when covered with flexible single stranded DNA (ssDNA). On the contrary, it will be repelled from the electrode, when covered with stiff double stranded DNA (dsDNA). Therefore, different R(ct) signals are observed before and after hybridization. The hybridization events are monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement based on the R(ct) signals without any external labels. This method provides an alternative route for expanding the range of detection methods available for DNA hybridization. 相似文献
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随着基因组关联分析方法的应用,越来越多与胃癌相关的易感基因被发现.易感基因的多态性检测已逐步进入胃癌临床诊断和研究.然而,利用少量胃粘膜细胞开展单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分析对胃癌进行早期诊断常遇下述困难,一是少量胃癌细胞混杂在多种细胞中,异常信号常易被淹没,二是细胞量极少,因此获得的基因组DNA量微,进行多位点或全基因组分析存在困难. 本文利用激光显微切割技术分选少量胃癌细胞,结合全基因组放大技术,进行胃癌相关的前列腺干细胞抗原基因(PSCA)的SNP分析.通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)和克隆测序方法分析,在分选的胃癌细胞中检测到PSCA的rs2976392位点胃癌相关的“A”等位与rs2294008位点胃癌相关的“T”等位.研究结果表明,所采用的全基因组放大方法保真性高,经过分选的胃癌细胞中SNP位点的检测灵敏度和可靠性大为提高.所建立的少量细胞基因多位点检测方法将同样应用于其它肿瘤和组织的少量细胞研究中,全基因组放大产物也可进行高通量的基因芯片和第二代测序研究. 相似文献
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17β-Estradiol (17β-E2) is the reproductive hormone playing a major role in female reproductive system and acts as an important component of metabolic processes. Quantifying 17β-E2 level helps to identify the reproductive endocrine related problems. Herein, a salt-induced (from 60 mM) gold nanoparticle (GNP) based immunoassay was introduced to quantify 17β-E2. Polyclonal antibody (50 nM) was immobilized on the surface of GNP and the color with GNPs was changed (blue to red shift) upon adding the target in the presence of high monovalent salt (NaCl) concentration. The sensitivity was at 10 pM with the point of GNPs assembly to disassembly. Negative control experiments did not show any color changes with GNPs indicate the specific detection of 17β-E2. In addition, selective detection was proved in the presence of other organic-, inorganic-, biological-molecules and the serum. This simple bare eye detection is quantifying the level of 17β-E2 and diagnosing the reproductive endocrine related disorders. 相似文献
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Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is attracting extensive attentions owing to its direct connections with human diseases including cancers. Here, we have developed a highly sensitive chemiluminescence biosensor based on circular strand-displacement amplification and the separation by magnetic beads reducing the background signal for point mutation detection at room temperature. This method took advantage of both the T4 DNA ligase recognizing single-base mismatch with high selectivity and the strand-displacement reaction of polymerase to perform signal amplification. The detection limit of this method was 1.3 × 10(-16)M, which showed better sensitivity than that of most of those reported detection methods of SNP. Additionally, the magnetic beads as carrier of immobility was not only to reduce the background signal, but also may have potential apply in high through-put screening of SNP detection in human genome. 相似文献
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Junmin Hui Wenjuan Li Yanlei Guo Zhu Yang Yingxiong Wang Chao Yu 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》2014,37(3):461-468
A new electrochemical sensor based on a novel organic–inorganic material (PNFCTs) was proposed for detection of paracetamol in this paper. First, PNFCTs were prepared with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and a derivative of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTC-NH2) via cross-linking method. Then, PNFCTs were coated onto the surface of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form porous organic conducting polymer films (PNFCTs/GCE), which could not only increase the loading of paracetamol efficiently but also provide an interface with exceptional electrical conductivity for paracetamol. Finally, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were attached to the electrode surface through electrodepositing method, which obtained GNPs/PNFCTs/GCE electrode. The electrochemical behavior of paracetamol on GNPs/PNFCTs/GCE was explored by cyclic voltammetrys (CVs) and differential pulse voltammograms (DPVs). The results showed that the GNPs/PNFCTs/GCE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity to paracetamol, which should be attributed to remarkable properties of the new composite nanomaterials with porous nanostructure and exceptional electrical conductivity. The wide liner range and detection limit were 0.3–575 and 0.1 μM, respectively. Finally, it was successfully used to detect paracetamol in dilution human serum and commercial tablets. The sensor shows great promise for simple, sensitive, and selective detection paracetamol and provides a promising approach in paracetamol clinical research and overdose diagnostic applications. 相似文献
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Mutation detection in the human HSP7OB' gene by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography
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Hecker KH Asea A Kobayashi K Green S Tang D Calderwood SK 《Cell stress & chaperones》2000,5(5):415-424
Variances, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), in the genomic sequence of individuals are the primary key to understanding gene function as it relates to differences in the susceptibility to disease, environmental influences, and therapy. In this report, the HSP70B' gene is the target sequence for mutation detection in biopsy samples from human prostate cancer patients undergoing combined hyperthermia and radiation therapy at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, using temperature-modulated heteroduplex analysis (TMHA). The underlying principles of TMHA for mutation detection using DHPLC technology are discussed. The procedures involved in amplicon design for mutation analysis by DHPLC are detailed. The melting behavior of the complete coding sequence of the target gene is characterized using WAVEMAKER software. Four overlapping amplicons, which span the complete coding region of the HSP70B' gene, amenable to mutation detection by DHPLC were identified based on the software-predicted melting profile of the target sequence. TMHA was performed on PCR products of individual amplicons of the HSP70B' gene on the WAVE Nucleic Acid Fragment Analysis System. The criteria for mutation calling by comparing wild-type and mutant chromatographic patterns are discussed. 相似文献
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A nonsense mutation in the mouse leptin gene causes genetic obesity. As a result of extensive research in the field of obesity, the use of leptinob mice is widespread. This mutation renders mice sterile, creating the need to breed heterozygous mice. For this reason, leptinob genotyping is necessary. To date, gel-based assays have been used for genotyping. Using the Invader Plus assay for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection, we have developed a gel-free microplate SNP assay for genotyping leptinwt and leptinob alleles. 相似文献
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四引物扩增受阻突变体系PCR(Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR,Tetra-primer ARMS PCR)技术是一种在普通PCR基础上发展起来的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分型技术。该项技术综合了扩增受阻突变体系(Amplification refractory mutation system,ARMS)和四引物PCR(tetra-primer PCR)技术的优点,是对等位基因特异性PCR法的改良。它具有操作简便、分型快速、费用低廉等特点,在国内外生命科学领域尤其是遗传育种领域的应用越来越广泛。本文介绍了四引物扩增受阻突变体系PCR的技术原理及优势、结果检测手段和反应体系改进方法,并在此基础上对该技术在遗传育种研究中的应用进行综述。 相似文献