高含量赖氨酸酵母的选育和培养条件的研究

本文报道一株能积累赖氨酸的酿酒酵母S1为原始菌株,经10^-3mol/L的s-(β-氨基乙基)L-半胱氨酸(SAEC)处理,选得SAEC抗性突变株。再经二次紫外诱变,选得7株SAECr突变株,其中3株具有较高积累赖氨酸能力,并对其培养条件进行了研究。突变株MSU1的游离赖氨酸含量为菌体干重的7.83%,而突变株MSU5平均赖氨酸含量可达8.91%。     

需钠弧菌(Vibrio natriegens)合成聚羟基丁酸的研究

研究结果表明,V. natriegens可以利用葡萄糖、果糖、以及糖蜜为碳源合成聚羟基丁酸［Poly(3HB)］;当以糖蜜为碳源时,积累的Poly(3HB)达到细胞干重的28.4%。实验结果还表明,Poly(3HB)的积累滞后于细胞生长,在培养前加入过量的碳源,不仅没有Poly（3HB）积累,还抑制细胞的生长。测定了与Poly(3HB)合成相关的PHA聚合酶、β酮硫解酶和乙酰乙酰CoA还原酶的活性。结果表明,伴随Poly(3HB)合成,PHA聚合酶活性从无到有,β酮硫解酶活性提高了10倍以上。进一步通过利用脂肪酸合成代谢抑制物——浅蓝菌素（cerulenin）,研究了脂肪酸从头合成途径与Poly(3HB)合成途径的关系,发现浅蓝菌素能够明显降低细胞Poly(3HB)的累积。根据以上结果,推测在V. natriegens中可能存在有两条代谢途径参与Poly(3HB)的合成。      

极端嗜酸热古菌S5菌株的重新分类研究

对已经鉴定的嗜酸热硫球菌 (Sulfosphaerellusthermoacidophilumgen.nov .sp .nov)S5菌株的进一步研究发现 ,它既能在好氧条件也能在厌氧条件下代谢元素硫进行化能自养生长 ,结合其 1 6SrRNA基因的分子系统学分析 ,S5菌株应归于Acidianus属。另外 ,S5菌株与Acidianus属中三个已知种基因组DNA的同源性分别仅有 44%、2 2 %和 2 3% ,DNA中G +Cmol%为 38,与已知种 31 0和 32 7有较大差异 ;而且 ,在代谢特性上S5菌株为专性化能无机营养型 ,与Acidianusbrierleyi有明显不同。因此S5菌株应是Acidianus属中一个新种 ,建议定名为 :腾冲嗜酸两面菌 (Acidianustengchongensessp .nov .)。     

重组嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4中3-羟基丁酸3-羟基己酸共聚酯PHBHHx的发酵生产

3-羟基丁酸和3-羟基己酸共聚酯（PHBHHx）是一种性能优良的新型生物可降解材料,其机械和加工性能与3-羟基己酸（3HHx）在共聚物中的含量密切相关。在嗜水气单孢菌Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4中引入了编码β酮基硫解酶 (β-ketothiolase)的phbA基因和编码乙酰乙酰辅酶A还原酶(AcetoacetylCoA reductase)的phbB基因,使重组菌增加了一条利用乙酰辅酶A合成3羟基丁酸-CoA的代谢途径,这使得利用非相关性碳源调控PHBHHx的单体组成比例成为可能。利用葡萄糖酸钠和月桂酸作为碳源,对重组Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4进行了摇瓶培养及5 L发酵罐培养的研究。在摇瓶实验中,通过改变碳源中两种组分的比例,可以使A. hydrophila 4AK4合成的PHBHHx中的3HHx摩尔含量由原来的15%左右降低到3%～12 %,成功地实现了对PHBHHx单体组成的调控;当以月桂酸为唯一碳源时,在5 L发酵罐中,经过56 h的培养,获得了51.5 g/L的细胞干重（CDW）,其中62 %为PHBHHx,3HHx在PHBHHx中的摩尔含量为9.7 %;当以1:1的葡萄糖酸钠和月桂酸为碳源时,48 h的5 L发酵罐培养获得了32.8 g/L的CDW和52 %的PHBHHx含量,其中3HHx在PHBHHx中的摩尔含量为6.7 %。结果证明了该重组菌在大规模生产单体组成可控PHBHHx方面具有很大的应用潜力。     

嗜水气单胞菌合成含3-羟基戊酸单体的聚羟基脂肪酸共聚酯的研究

分别利用葡萄糖或葡萄糖酸钠与十一碳酸、月桂酸与十一碳酸为混合碳源进行嗜水气单孢菌 (Aeromonashydrophila)菌株 4AK4的摇瓶培养 ,实现了含有 3 羟基戊酸 (3HV)单体的聚羟基脂肪酸酯的微生物合成。当使用葡萄糖或葡萄糖酸钠与十一碳酸为混合碳源时 ,野生型A .hydrophila 4AK4及含有 3 羟基丁酸辅酶A合成基因phaA和phaB的重组A .hydrophila 4AK4 (pTG01)能够合成-3-羟基丁酸(3HB)与-3HV的共聚物 ,且葡萄糖或葡萄糖酸钠与十一碳酸比例为 1∶1时最利于细胞生长和PHA的积累。当使用月桂酸和十一碳酸为混合碳源时 ,A .hydrophila4AK4能够合成-3HB、3HV与 β-羟基己酸 (3HHx)的共聚物 ,且随着混合碳源中十一碳酸的含量增加 ,A .hydrophila4AK4合成的PHA中-3HV的比例增加 ,而-3HB和-3HHx的比例降低.     

真养产碱菌由丁酸积累聚β-羟基丁酸的研究

真养产碱菌(Alcaligenes eutrophus)H16(ATCC 17699)能以丁酸为唯一碳源在无氮合成培养基中积累大量生物可降解的聚β-羟基丁酸(PHS)。将此菌在丰富培养基中预培养36小时后转入无氮合成培养基甲,在30℃、pH8．0条件下培养48小时,积累的PHB可达细胞干重的63％(w／w)。较高浓度的丁酸对PHB的积累有抑制作用。采用丁酸自动流加法控制pH值的工艺可降低丁酸的抑制作用。此时PHB的产率达0．4g/g丁酸,PHB比产生率60)达0．1g·g生物量-1·h—-1。     

一氧化氮和氧自由基诱导缺氧再给氧心肌细胞凋亡的bcl-2和p53信号通路研究

观察了心肌缺氧再给氧损伤的一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)和氧自由基机制. 新生Wistar大鼠心肌细胞置于95% N₂ /5% CO₂环境培养24 h, 然后置于95% O₂ /5% CO₂环境培养4 h造成缺氧再给氧心肌细胞损伤模型. 单纯缺氧组心肌细胞置于95% N₂/5% CO₂环境培养24 h, 但不再给氧. NO供体硝普钠(SNP, 5 mmol/L)、NO合酶抑制剂Nw-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME, 100 mmol/L)和其异构体Nw-硝基-D-精氨酸甲酯(D-NAME, 100 mmol/L)以及超氧化物歧化酶/过氧化氢酶(SOD/CAT, 各100 U/mL)分别于缺氧前加入培养基. 正常对照组心肌细胞置于95% 空气/5% CO₂环境下培养. 结果显示, 缺氧24 h能增加培养介质中NO, 硫代巴比妥酸反应产物(TBARS)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平, 再给氧降低培养介质中NO和 水平, 增加TBARS和LDH水平. 缺氧上调bcl-2和p53和p21/waf1/cip1蛋白表达水平, 而再给氧下调bcl-2蛋白表达水平, 上调p53和p21/waf1/cip1蛋白表达水平. 同时, 缺氧增加心肌细胞凋亡率, 而再给氧增加心肌细胞坏死率. NO供体硝普钠(SNP)增加培养介质中 和TBARS水平, 下调bcl-2蛋白表达而上调p53和p21/waf1/cip1蛋白表达水平, 增加DNA断裂、凋亡及坏死细胞率. L-NAME和 SOD/CAT分别降低培养介质中 和TBARS水平, 它们均能上调bcl-2蛋白表达而下调p53和p21/waf1/cip1蛋白表达水平, 抑制DNA断裂、凋亡及坏死细胞率, 而D-NAME则无此作用. 以上结果表明, 在缺氧再给氧所致心肌细胞死亡过程中, NO和氧自由基参与下调bcl-2蛋白表达水平和上调p53和p21/waf1/cip1蛋白表达水平, 相应地激发细胞凋亡程序, 并提示一氧化氮及氧自由基诱导心肌细胞凋亡的机制与调节 bcl-2和p53和p21/waf1/cip1信号通路有关.     

苏芸金杆菌的质粒检测及载晶体蛋白合成基因的质粒在不同菌株间的传递

分析了苏芸金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)7个变种19个野生菌株及无晶体(sp+cr-)和无芽孢(sp-cr+)突变株的质粒图型,证实了苏芸金杆菌的质粒组成既有变种的特异性,亦有菌株的特异性。载有晶体蛋白质合成基因的质粒,B. thuringiensis var．Kurstaki HD-191 菌株可能为42和50Mdal,B．Thuringiensis var. aizawai HD-282菌株为47Mdal, B．Thuringiensis var．Israelensis IPS-82菌株为57Mdal的质粒,而B．Thuringiensis var. wuhanensis 140 菌株的此种基因则可能不在质粒上而在染色体中。HD-191载晶体蛋白合成基因的质粒以很高频率被传递给其无晶体突变株HD-1并在后者细胞中表达。B. thuringiensis var. israelensisIPS-82菌株和 B．Thuringiensis var. kurstaki 无晶体突变株HD—1之间载晶体蛋白合成基因质粒的传递未能成功,提示可能存在着不相容性的障碍。     

Citrobacter freundii休止细胞催化合成L-多巴

以在L 酪氨酸诱导下高效表达酪氨酸酚解酶的菌株Citrobacterfreundii 4 80 0 3 3的休止细胞为生物催化剂 ,以邻苯二酚、丙酮酸钠、醋酸铵为前体 ,选择性合成L DOPA。研究了反应温度、pH和前体浓度等对合成L DOPA的影响。最优反应条件下 ,反应 1 2h ,L DOPA的量可达到 9 5g/L。     

富硒姬松茸液体培养条件的研究

采用液体摇瓶培养法 ,对姬松茸 (Agaricusblazei)富硒培养条件进行初步研究 ,结果表明 :富硒姬松茸液体培养的最佳培养基配方为玉米粉 30 g/L ,葡萄糖 2 0g/L ,硫酸铵 2 g/L ,酵母膏 3g/L ,KH₂ PO₄ 2 g/L ,MgSO₄ ·7H₂ O 1 g/L ,维生素B11 0 0mg/L ;采用 1mg/L亚硒酸钠驯化菌种 ,2 5 0mL三角瓶装量 80mL ,p     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.