ste3与ste4基因双敲除对依博素生物合成的影响

目的:以往研究已确定链霉菌胞外多糖依博素的生物合成基因簇(ste),生物信息学分析基因簇中ste3和ste4编码糖转运相关膜蛋白,现研究分析ste3和ste4与依博素生物合成的相关性。方法:通过基因同源重组双交换获得ste3和ste4双基因缺失突变株,经Southern杂交验证后,对该菌株进行了基因互补研究。分离提取各菌株发酵液的胞外多糖,并计算产量。结果:双基因缺失株产生的胞外多糖依博素与野生株相比,产量从319mg/L降低至153mg/L,平均产量降低52%以上;基因互补后,依博素平均产量上升到299mg/L,基本恢复至野生株依博素产量水平。结论:本研究首次阐明了编码糖转运相关膜蛋白基因ste3和ste4在依博素的生物合成中起重要作用,为研究链霉菌139的初级代谢和次级代谢之间的相关性奠定了基础。     

糖基转移酶基因双敲除对依博素生物合成的影响

以往研究已确定链霉菌胞外多糖依博素的生物合成基因簇(ste), ste15 和ste22 分别编码葡萄糖糖基转移酶和鼠李糖糖基转移酶。现通过基因同源重组双交换,在ste15基因缺失突变株Streptomyces sp. 139 (ste15-) 基础上,再进行ste22 基因阻断,经Southern 杂交验证,得到了ste15 和ste22 双基因缺失突变株Streptomyces sp. 139 (ste15-ste22-),并对该菌株进行了基因互补研究。双基因缺失株产生的胞外多糖与依博素相比,葡萄糖与鼠李糖含量明显降低,分子量下降,生物活性明显变弱。基因互补株产生的胞外多糖中葡萄糖与鼠李糖含量基本恢复至依博素水平,生物活性也显著提高。因此,进一步阐明了ste15和ste22基因参与了依博素生物合成中葡萄糖和鼠李糖重复单元序列的形成过程,在依博素的生物合成中起重要作用,变株产生的依博素新衍生物体内外生物学活性正在深入研究中。     

大肠杆菌pqqL基因敲除与功能分析

【目的】通过构建大肠杆菌pqqL基因缺陷突变株,研究大肠杆菌pqqL基因的功能。【方法】首先通过PCR扩增得到pqqL基因和kan抗性基因,在体外构建线性打靶片段pqqL-kan-pqqL。然后通过Red同源重组敲除大肠杆菌的pqqL基因,构建大肠杆菌缺失突变体DH5αΔpqqL。在此基础上通过DCIP法检测山梨糖脱氢酶活性来比较大肠杆菌突变株与亲本株中PQQ合成的情况。【结果】成功敲除了大肠杆菌的pqqL基因,DCIP法检测结果显示大肠杆菌pBCP162/DH5αΔpqqL和pMD19T Simple-pqqABCDE/DH5α能够合成PQQ,而大肠杆菌pMD19T Simple-pqqABCDE/DH5αΔpqqL不能合成PQQ。【结论】大肠杆菌pqqL基因和pqqF基因具有同样的功能。     

除虫链霉菌10个聚酮类抗生素生物合成基因簇的敲除对阿维菌素产量的影响

【目的】考察除虫链霉菌基因组中其它聚酮合成酶类(Polyketide synthase,PKS)抗生素生物合成基因簇的敲除突变对于阿维菌素产量的影响。【方法】构建了11个PKS基因簇的打靶Cosmid和质粒载体,导入除虫链霉菌中筛选突变株。【结果】在工业菌株MMR630中成功敲除了10个PKS基因簇。发酵结果显示7个PKS基因簇敲除突变株中阿维菌素的产量均有不同程度的提高,而2个突变株不能产生阿维菌素。然而,在3个连续敲除2个PKS基因簇的突变株中阿维菌素产量没有能够超过单个PKS敲除突变株的提升幅度。【结论】除虫链霉菌基因组的一些PKS基因簇的敲除可以提高阿维菌素的产量,同时暗示同一类次生代谢产物的代谢流之间存在复杂的相互作用关系。     

金色链霉菌J13基因敲除体系的构建

目的:建立金色链霉菌基因敲除体系,敲除金色链霉菌J13中的ctcF基因,研究工程菌的代谢变化.方法:采用基因置换和框内缺失技术,对ctcF基因进行敲除.结果:利用接合转移的方法,将质粒pFD109导入到金色链霉菌J13中,经抗性筛选及PCR验证获得ctcF基因置换菌株金色链霉菌A1 - 20;将质粒pFD111经接合转移导入到A1 -20中,获得ctcF基因框内缺失菌株金色链霉菌K2-46;以上工程菌的发酵组分经HPLC分析,发现金霉素发酵单位显著降低.结论:获得的接合子发生双交换的概率可达18％以上,建立及验证了金色链霉菌基因敲除体系的实用性和可操作性,并初步推测ctcF为金霉素生物合成中的调控基因.     

采用基因敲除和反义技术抑制酿酒酵母ERG7基因表达

酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)固有的甲羟戊酸(MVA)/麦角甾醇代谢途径生成的中间体2,3-氧化鲨烯是三萜类化合物的合成前体,以酿酒酵母为底盘细胞通过合成生物学技术组建这些化合物的代谢途径时,需要下调2,3-氧化鲨烯流向麦角甾醇的代谢流。在酿酒酵母中由羊毛甾醇合酶(ERG7)催化的2,3-氧化鲨烯环化是麦角甾醇和三萜类化合物生物合成分支形成的关键位点。采用基因敲除和反义RNA 2种技术对ERG7基因的表达进行下调。设计含有与ERG7基因ORF两侧序列同源的长引物,以质粒PUG66为模板进行PCR扩增,构建带有loxP-Marker-loxP的ERG7基因敲除组件,采用LiAc/SS Carrier DNA/PEG方法转化双倍体酿酒酵母INVSc1,通过同源重组的方式获得酿酒酵母ERG7基因单倍体缺失突变株,并对其进行了分子生物学确证。大量培养野生型和突变型菌株,菌体冷干后在碱醇溶液中90℃回流1h,正己烷萃取后旋蒸干溶剂,甲醇溶解残留物麦角甾醇。通过TLC和HPLC方法比较麦角甾醇含量,结果表明:与野生型菌株相比,突变型菌株的麦角甾醇含量明显降低。     

吸水链霉菌谷氨酰胺转胺酶基因的阻断及其对细胞分化的影响

【目的】通过对吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces hygroscopicus)中谷氨酰胺转胺酶基因的阻断,以期深入了解谷氨酰胺转胺酶生理功能,并为谷氨酰胺转胺酶发酵优化提供新的研究思路。【方法】以温敏型质粒pKC1139为出发质粒,构建阻断吸水链霉菌谷氨酰胺转胺酶编码基因的重组质粒pKC1139-TG1,转化吸水链霉菌原生质体,通过抗性筛选和PCR验证,成功得到一株谷氨酰胺转胺酶阻断菌株,命名为S.h-△TG。【结果】以原始菌株为对照,重组子基内菌丝生长不受影响,但是由基内菌丝分化形成气生菌丝的过程受到影响,重组子基本不产气生菌丝。【结论】谷氨酰胺转胺酶对吸水链霉菌气生菌丝的形成有着重要的影响,参与链霉菌气生菌丝的形成。     

敲除Spt7对黑曲霉生长及菌落形态的影响

在酵母中Spt7作为一种多功能蛋白复合物Spt-Ada-Gcn5-乙酰转移酶(Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase, SAGA)复合体的核心蛋白,其不仅负责维持SAGA复合物的稳定,还负责细胞内10%以上的基因转录。除此之外,丝状真菌中关于Spt7功能的研究很少。【目的】探究Spt7在黑曲霉Aspergillus niger CGMCC 1062中的功能。【方法】以黑曲霉A. niger CGMCC 1062为出发菌株,通过农杆菌转化法将敲除spt7基因的质粒转入黑曲霉中;并分别将Δspt7菌株与对照组点种在CM培养基、不同碳源及含H2O2培养基上进行生长观察;通过实时定量聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qRT-PCR)分析糖酵解关键基因、产孢相关基因的相对转录水平。【结果】成功获得spt7基因敲除菌株Δspt7;通过实验发现Δspt7菌株较对照菌株生长缓慢、菌落变白且产孢延迟;spt7基因的敲除显著影响菌株对不同碳源的利用;但Δspt7菌株同对照组均能在20 mmol/L H2O...     

磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶基因的敲除对北京棒杆菌PD-67的生理代谢的影响

【目的】为了优化L-色氨酸合成的前体供应,构建北京棒杆菌PD-67(Corynebacterium pekinense PD-67)磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(EC:4.1.1.31,phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase,PEPCx)基因ppc敲除的菌株,并研究ppc基因敲除对菌株生理特性的影响。【方法】运用PCR技术扩增ppc基因的上游和下游序列,构建带有目标基因内部缺失的基因整合载体。通过同源重组技术将C.pekinense PD-67的ppc基因敲除,构建ppc基因缺陷突变株C.pekinense PD-67-Δppc。通过摇瓶发酵研究突变株的生理特性,并测定突变株丙酮酸激酶和丙酮酸羧化酶的活性。【结果】PCR验证和PEPCx活性分析结果表明,筛选到ppc缺陷的突变株。摇瓶发酵结果表明,与出发菌株相比,突变株的生长速率下降,生物量降低20%,L-色氨酸积累降低62%,丙酮酸激酶活力提高,而丙酮酸羧化酶活力下降。【结论】C.pekinense PD-67的ppc基因敲除以后,对菌株的代谢影响较大。仅通过阻断PEPCx催化的回补途径,减少磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸的分支代谢,不能提高该菌株L-色氨酸的积累。     

基于Loxp-Cre系统的FBXL15基因敲除小鼠模型的建立

建立FBXL15基因条件型敲除小鼠模型,为研究该基因所发挥的重要生理功能提供材料和思路。采用KO first策略,构建打靶载体,将1st loxP插入1~2号内含子,在3~4号内含子之间插入FRT-SAIRES-lacZ-loxP-neo-loxP元件,通过Long Range PCR及Southern blot筛选出中靶克隆,随后进行囊胚注射,并将发生同源重组的ES细胞注射进C57BL/6J小鼠囊胚,移入受体小鼠子宫,最后将得到的嵌合体雄鼠与C57BL/6J雌鼠交配获得FBXL15-LoxP小鼠。PCR结果显示FBXL15的Loxp小鼠模型构建成功,该模型可为进一步研究FBXL15在胚胎发育和骨代谢中的调控作用提供工具。     

Biochemical characteristics and function of a threonine dehydrogenase encoded by ste11 in Ebosin biosynthesis of Streptomyces sp. 139

Aims:  Ebosin, a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Streptomyces sp. 139 has antagonistic activity for interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) in vitro and remarkable anti-rheumatic arthritis activity in vivo. Ebosin biosynthesis gene ( ste ) cluster has been identified in our laboratory. This paper reports our effort to characterize the function of ste11 gene.
Methods and Results:  After the ste11 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21, the recombinant Ste11 was purified and found capable of catalyzing NAD⁺ and l -threonine to NADH and 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate, hence identified as a threonine dehydrogenase (TDH). To investigate its function in the biosynthesis of Ebosin, the ste11 gene was knocked out with a double crossover via homologous recombination. The monosaccharide composition of EPS produced by the mutant strain (EPS-m) was altered from that of Ebosin. The analysis of IL-1R antagonist activity for EPSs showed that the bioactivity of EPS-m was lower than Ebosin.
Conclusions:  ste11 gene encoding a TDH may function as a modifier gene of Ebosin during its biosynthesis.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  TDH encoded by ste11 is functional in Ebosin biosynthesis. It is the first characterized TDH in Streptomyces .     

Purification, characterization and functional analysis of asparagines synthetase encoding by ste10 gene in Ebosin biosynthesis of Streptomyces sp. 139

Ebosin produced by Streptomyces sp. 139 is a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) with medicinal activity. This paper describes the functional study of ste10, a putative Ebosin biosynthesis gene. ste10 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and the purified recombinant protein characterized. Ste10 was shown to be able of catalyzing the transfer of amide nitrogen of glutamine to the side chain of aspartate to produce asparagine. Its Km, optimum temperature and pH were determined to be 0.9 mM, 37 °C and 7.38, respectively. After ste10 gene knock-out, the monosaccharide composition of EPS-m produced by the mutant Streptomyces sp. 139 (ste10⁻) was found changed in comparison with that of Ebosin while its antagonist activity for IL-1R decreased significantly. Based on these results, it is concluded that ste10 codes for an asparagine synthetase which may function as a modificator gene of Ebosin during its biosynthesis.     

Disruption of ste23 gene affects composition profile and bioactivity of exopolysaccharide produced by Streptomyces sp. 139

AIMS: To study the function of the gene ste23 involved in the biosynthesis of Ebosin. METHODS AND RESULTS: In search of databases, the deduced product of the gene ste23 showed high homology to dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerases. ste23 was replaced by a kanamycin resistance gene through double crossover. Compared with Ebosin, an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by wild-type Streptomyces sp. 139, the EPS produced by the ste23 mutant (designated EPS1) had a remarkably different monosaccharide composition and significantly diminished rhamnose content, though the molecular mass of EPS1 was similar to that of Ebosin. In addition, EPS1 lost the interleukin 1 (IL-1) antagonist activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: ste23 may be involved in the Ebosin biosynthesis in S. sp. 139. and its bioactivity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first genetic work investigating functions of genes involved in EPS production in streptomyces by gene replacement of the pathway genes.     

Knockout of the gene (<Emphasis Type="Italic">ste15</Emphasis>) encoding a glycosyltransferase and its function in biosynthesis of exopolysaccharide in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces</Emphasis> sp. 139

Streptomyces sp. 139 produces a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) designated Ebosin which has antagonistic activity for IL-1R in vitro and remarkable anti-rheumatic arthritis activity in vivo. We previously identified a ste (Streptomyces eps) gene cluster consisting of 27 ORFs responsible for Ebosin biosynthesis. The gene product of ste15 shows high homology to known glycosyltransferases (GTFs). To elucidate its function in Ebosin biosynthesis, the ste15 gene was knocked out with a double crossover via homologous recombination. Our analysis of monosaccharide composition for EPS-m produced by the mutant strain Streptomyces sp. 139 (ste15 ⁻) showed that glucose was significantly diminished compared to its natural counterpart Ebosin. This derivative of Ebosin lost the antagonistic activity for IL-1R in vitro and its molecular mass was smaller than Ebosin. These results have demonstrated that the ste15 gene codes for a GTF for glucose, which is functionally involved in Ebosin biosynthesis.     

耐辐射球菌基因DR1709与DR2523的突变分析

摘要：【目的】检测在耐辐射球菌抵抗外来辐射和氧自由基的过程中,锰离子转运蛋白基因（DR1709和DR2523）是否发挥了作用。探讨锰离子、锰离子转运蛋白基因与耐辐射球菌辐射抗性之间的关系。【方法】分别构建这两个基因的突变体。对突变体和野生型进行紫外线照射和过氧化氢处理。对处理后的菌株存活率进行分析。【结果】DR2523被突变以后,耐辐射球菌在tryptone-glucose-yeast extract (TGY)培养液中的生长受影响很小。而DR1709突变体M1709在对数生长阶段的生长速度远低于野生型。     

Identification of a methyltransferase encoded by gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">stel16</Emphasis> and its function in Ebosin biosynthesis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces</Emphasis> sp. 139

Streptomyces sp. 139 generates a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) designated as Ebosin, which exerts an antagonistic effect on IL-1R in vitro and anti-rheumatic arthritis activity in vivo. A ste gene cluster for Ebosin biosynthesis consisting of 27 ORFs was previously identified in our laboratory. In this paper, ste16 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 and the recombinant protein was purified, which has the ability to catalyze the transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucos, which was thus identified as a methyltransferase. In order to determine the function of ste16 in Ebosin biosynthesis, the gene was disrupted with a double crossover via homologous recombination. The monosaccharide composition of EPS-m generated by the mutant strain Streptomyces sp. 139 (ste16) was found to differ from that of Ebosin. The IL-1R antagonist activity of EPS-m was markedly lower than that of Ebosin. These experimental results have shown that the ste16 gene codes for a methyltransferase which is involved in Ebosin biosynthesis. These authors contributed equally to this work.     

黄体酮对成年斑马鱼下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴相关基因转录表达的干扰效应

黄体酮(P4)是一种类固醇激素。为了探究P4的内分泌干扰效应, 选择成年斑马鱼(Danio rerio)作为受试生物, 研究了P4对斑马鱼下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(HPG轴)相关基因转录表达影响。成年斑马鱼在不同浓度P4(2、11和16 ng•L–1)下处理21 d。结果显示: 暴露于高浓度组的P4能够抑制雌鱼大脑中促性腺激素释放激素2(gnrh2)、促性腺激素释放激素3(gnrh3), 卵泡刺激素(fshb)、雌激素受体1(esr1)基因的转录表达; 然而诱导了雄鱼大脑中fshb、黄体生成素(lhb)、雄激素受体(ar)基因的转录表达, 这些转录变化暗示了P4对成年斑马鱼有潜在的弱雄激素效应。此外, P4暴露对雌鱼卵巢和雄鱼精巢类固醇合成途径中固醇激素合成急性调节蛋白(star)、细胞色素p450介导侧链裂解酶(cyp11a1)、17α羟化酶(cyp17)、卵巢细胞色素P450芳香化酶(cyp19a1a)、11β羟化酶(cyp11b)、羟基类固醇3β脱氢酶(hsd3b)、羟基类固醇20β脱氢酶(hsd20b)、羟基类固醇17β脱氢酶3(hsd17b3)、羟基类固醇11β脱氢酶2(hsd11b2)以及受体信号途径中孕激素受体(pgr)、esr1、ar基因的转录表达没有显著影响。可见, 在P4暴露下, 斑马鱼大脑比性腺更加敏感。总而言之, P4能够改变斑马鱼大脑中HPG轴相关基因的转录表达水平, 进而对斑马鱼的内分泌系统具有潜在的危险。