我国牛肝菌属一新种,微眇牛肝菌

在福建省新发现一担子果极小的微眇牛肝菌,其盖径仅1-4mm,柄高3-6mm,极罕见,暂归于牛肝菌属黄肉牛肝菌组。     

我国牛肝菌类一新种,叔群华牛肝菌

欣逢邓公叔群院士、教授百年华诞,感其一生更劳心曲,菌学开拓,景星庆云,近在福建武夷山发现牛肝菌科一新种：叔群华牛肝菌Sinoboletus tengii Zang et Liu,sp.nov.,谨以此名,敬寄慕念。     

点柄乳牛肝菌研究进展

点柄乳牛肝菌（Suillus granulatus）味道鲜美营养丰富,并具有良好的药用活性,是广受欢迎的野生食药用菌。从分类学、发生规律、药用活性、与植物关系及驯化研究方面系统阐述了点柄乳牛肝菌的现状,并对其未来发展及应用进行了展望。     

厚环乳牛肝菌

<正>属于担子菌门Basidiomycota,蘑菇纲Agaricomycetes,牛肝菌目Boletales,乳牛肝菌科Suillaceae。湖南师范大学陈作红教授2022年9月7日摄于宁夏回族自治区六盘山国家级自然保护区。Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Boletales, Suillaceae. Courtesy of Prof. CHEN Zuohong, Hunan Normal University, taken from Liupanshan National Nature Reserve, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 7 September 2022.     

滇产牛肝菌属一新种——短管牛肝菌

本文报道牛肝菌属一新种,属于牛肝菌组和短管牛肝菌亚组(新亚组)。     

茶褐牛肝菌化学成分研究

为了解茶褐牛肝菌(Neoboletus brunneissimus)的化学成分,共分离鉴定了18个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析,分别鉴定为5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(1)、5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,9(11),22-三烯-3β-醇(2)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(3)、(24S)-麦角甾-7-烯-3β-醇(4)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)、(24S)-乙基胆甾烯-7-烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(6),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四烯(7)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,2-三烯-3β-醇(8)、3β-O-吡喃葡萄糖基-5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角-6,22-二烯(9)、富马酸单甲酯(10)、富马酸(11)、琥珀酸(12)、反-2-癸烯二酸(13)、烟酸(14)、烟酰胺(15)、莽草酸(16)、亚油酸-α-甘油酯(17)和1-O-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3R,4E,8E,2′R)-2-N-(2′-羟基棕榈酰)-9-甲基-4,8-鞘氨醇(18)。以上化合物均为首次从茶褐牛肝菌中分离得到,其中化合物6、9、13和17为首次从牛肝菌科高等真菌中分离得到。     

松塔牛肝菌属一新种

报告了采自福建省三明市格氏栲林下土壤中的松塔牛肝菌属一新种——三明松塔牛肝菌,并为新种提供了拉丁文、英文描述,模式标本保存在三明市真菌研究所标本室(SMIH)。     

亚洲热带牛肝菌的研究

报道了有关亚洲分布的热带牛肝菌 ,其中如红色条孢牛肝菌Boletellusfallax (Corner)Watling ,褐微孔牛肝菌BoletusfuscimicroporusZangetPetersen ,sp .nov .,刺牛肝菌Boletochaetespinifera (PatetBaker)Singer,白色华牛肝菌SinoboletusalbiolusZangetPetersen ,sp .nov .,粘盖华牛肝菌SinoboletusgelatinosusZangetPetersen .sp .nov .,巨孔绒盖牛肝菌XerocomusmagniporusZangetPetersen .和腹牛肝菌GastroboletusboedijniLohw .原记录于云南丽江 ,今见于泰国     

一个α,β地中海贫血复合家系β珠蛋白基因的进一步研究

 前文~[1]曾报道广西一个α,β地中海贫血复合家系的血红蛋白组成及α珠蛋白基因分析结果,并讨论了各成员可能的β珠蛋白基因结构情况。本文利用先进的PCR即基因扩增技术,结合特异寡核苷酸探针斑点杂交及扩增后直接测定DNA序列的技术,进一步研究并彻底搞请了该家系各成员的β珠蛋白基因结构情况。结果显示:母亲及两个弟弟都是编码子41—42TTCT四个碱基缺失造成框架位移所致β地中海贫血的杂合子。父亲与先证者的β基因均属正常。前三个成员均为α地贫复合β地贫,其α与β珠蛋白链合成的不均衡状态得到改善,贫血症状也明显轻。     

唇形科鼠尾草属新植物

描述了四川（唇形科）鼠尾草属植物一新种,即川西鼠尾草。新植物毛被与花冠管内被长柔毛而独特,接近于粘毛鼠尾草(Salvia roborowskii Maxim.),其区别在于多年生草本,根粗壮,直径1～2 cm;花萼较长,长1～1.2 cm;花冠较长,长约2.1 cm,内面离花冠筒基部约2 mm处,向上长约5 mm一段全被长柔毛（非毛环）,花冠筒近中部向上近直弯曲而逐渐扩大,冠檐上下唇具紫红色斑点。     

When did Louis Pasteur present his memoir on the discovery of molecular chirality to the Académie des sciences? Analysis of a discrepancy

Louis Pasteur presented his historic memoir on the discovery of molecular chirality to the Académie des sciences in Paris on May 22nd, 1848. The literature, however, nearly completely ignores this date, widely claiming instead May 15th, 1848, which first surfaced in 1922 in Pasteur's collected works edited by his grandson Louis Pasteur Vallery-Radot. On May 21st, 1848, i.e., one day before Pasteur's presentation in Paris, his mother died in Arbois, eastern France. Informed at an unknown point in time that she was "very ill," Pasteur left for Arbois only after his presentation. Biographies of Pasteur by his son-in-law René Vallery-Radot or the grandson, and Pasteur's collected correspondence edited by the grandson are incomprehensibly laconic or silent about the historic presentation. While no definite conclusions are possible, the evidence strongly suggests a deliberate alteration of the record by the biographer relatives, presumably for fear of adverse public judgment of Pasteur for a real or perceived insensitivity to a grave family medical emergency. Such fear would have been in accord with their hagiographic portrayal of Pasteur, and the findings raise questions concerning the extent of their zeal in protecting his "demigod" image. Universal recognition of the true date of Pasteur's announcement of molecular chirality is long overdue.     

Quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa banding in trisomy 22

Summary Using quinacrine fluorescence and Giemsa banding techniques we have identified an extra chromosome 22 in three non-mongoloid children with similar phenotypes and 47 chromosomes. In one of the children, the long arm of the extra 22 was shorter than usual. This 22q—chrcmcscme was observed in 4 normal family members with 46 chromosomes. In a fourth child, with similar physical findings, the extra G chromosome was shown to be neither a normal 21 nor 22. It must have arisen from a rearrangement in a parental gamete since it was not present in either parent's karyotype.No constellation of clinical findings, in association with an extra G chromosome, is sufficient evidence for the diagnosis of trisomy 22. The positive identification of the extra chromosome must be made using fluorescence and banding.This paper is dedicated to Professor Marcus M. Rhoades on his 70th birthday in grateful recognition of his friendship, help and advice.Supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service Grants HD1313, RR-75 and TI-HD-66 from the National Institutes of Health. A portion of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Pediatric Research, Atlantic City, N.J. May 1, 1971.     

滇蜀豹子花核型及其变异研究

本文详细报道了滇蜀豹子花的核型,发现居群中存在两种细胞型,即A型和B型。A型参考核型为2n = 24＝2m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(4SAT)+12t(2SAT),其第3号两条同源染色体长臂均无居间随体：B型参考核型为2n=24＝2m(2SAT)+2sm+8st(2SAT)+12t(3SAT)+0—1b,其第3号一条同源染色体长臂紧靠着丝点处有一大而明显的居间随体,而另一条同源染色体则无,构成明显的3号染色体的结构杂合性。统计表明,居群中二者的比例近似为1A;2B。研究还发现了大量的体细胞染色体结构变异核型,表明滇蜀豹子花核型尚未趋于稳定,还处于强烈分化之中,高频率的体细胞染色体结构变异是其种内分化不可忽视的一种进化要素。     

《生态学基础》：对生态学从传统向现代的推进——纪念E.P.奥德姆诞辰100周年

2013年是“现代生态学之父”美国生态学家奥德姆诞辰100周年。奥德姆的《生态学基础》一书对生态学从传统向现代转换具有积极的推进作用,主要表现在：提升了生态科学的量化水平,促成了生态系统生态学体系的诞生;倡导了生态学与经济学等社会科学的融合,丰富了生态经济学与生态系统服务功能研究;延展了生态学的应用尺度,为社会的生产变革和绿色运动提供了指导。奥德姆的生态学理论中诸如以能量分析为主导的生态系统分析方法还有待完善、生态系统方面较少考虑进化维度,衡量能量质量高低的能值方法的科学性有改善的空间等,但这都无碍他成为世界上最杰出的生态学家之一。     

Multiple pathology in a Merowingian individual of a graveyard near Insheim (Rhineland-Pfalz)

The following case report describes in detail a 57 years old (+/- 5 years) male individual from a Franconian graveyard in Insheim, Province of Rhineland-Palatinate, dating to between the 6th and 7th century A.D. The individual displays a number of unusual pathologies. The atlas shows a complete aplasia of the posterior arch, probably resulting in a torticollis. The changed static induced a massive spondylar-arthrotic degeneration of the cervical spine on the right-lateral portion. On the fronto-parietal section two fractures are visible which were caused by a sharp and violent force. The area in question measures 7 by 10 cm. It has healed in a dislocated position. The second location displays marks of a 6 cm long sword-cut which did strike the skull obtusely on the left parietal. In addition to the above the skull displays on its right side a great number of small circular hole defects which also appear on ribs, vertebrae, clavicula and the mandible. They present the typical picture of a plasmocytoma. As an expression of a secondary hyperparathyreoidism one can recognize ossifications of soft tissue on the calcaneus, tibia, fibula and patella as well as intravital loss of mandibular dentition. It is quite remarkable that the individual reached a relative old age despite of his numerous and serious physical encroachments due to the apparent and obvious intentions of his aggressive contemporaries to kill him.     

Variation on the population,racial, and species level in the primitive relic Angiosperm genusDrimys (Winteraceae) in South America

Statistical analyses and scatter diagrams illustrate for the polymorphic E. and SE. BrazilianDrimys brasiliensis a clear correlation between morphological variation and eco-geographical differentiation. This is backed by data on the (ultra)structure of the lower leaf surface. A new infraspecific taxonomy is proposed, andD. roraimensis andD. angustifolia are recognized as distinct species of the Guyana Highlands and S. Brazil, respectively. The affinities between these and other taxa of the paleopolyploid genus, its evolution and its position within the family are discussed.Dedicated to Prof.Lothar Geitler at the occasion of his 80th birthday.     

Charles Darwin's views of classification in theory and practice

It has long been argued that Charles Darwin was the founder of the school of "evolutionary taxonomy" of the Modern Synthesis and, accordingly, that he recognized genealogy and similarity as dual, synergistic criteria for classification. This view is based on three questionable interpretations: first, of isolated passages in the 13th chapter of the Origin of Species; second, of one phrase in a letter that Darwin wrote about the work of an author he had partly misunderstood; and third, of his taxonomic practice in the barnacle monographs, which only implicitly embody his philosophy of classification, if at all. These works, seen in fuller context and with the perspective of extensive correspondence, are consistent with the view that Darwin advocated only genealogy as the basis of classification, and that similarity was merely a tool for discovering evolutionary relationships. Darwin was neither a Mayrian taxonomist nor a cladist, and he did not approach systematic issues in the same terms that we do in the late 20th century.