五大连池火山土壤细菌多样性及其群落结构

火山熔岩生境孕育了独特的土壤微生物群落。为了解火山生态系统土壤细菌群落多样性和群落结构及其关键影响因子,选择五大连池新、老期火山为研究样点,非火山为对照,基于高通量测序方法,分析不同采样点土壤细菌群落结构和多样性,结合土壤理化指标,进一步分析影响火山生态系统土壤细菌群落多样性的环境因子。结果表明：细菌操作分类单元（OTUs）、Ace指数、Chao1指数和Simpson指数变化趋势一致,表现为非火山 > 新期火山 > 老期火山。三个样点土壤的共有OUTs数量为713个,各自特有的OTUs数量不尽相同。三个样点土壤中检测到共有细菌16个类群,其中变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门为优势菌群,老期火山土壤中酸杆菌门、疣微菌门、Rokubacteria相对丰度最大,而Patescibacteria相对丰度最小。三个样点的土壤细菌群落具有明显的空间关系,相似性差异较大,但不符合随地理距离的增加而降低的模型。土壤理化性质测定结果标明：老期火山土壤pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、铵态氮和硝态氮显著高于新期火山和非火山,新期火山土壤含水量和速效磷显著低于老期火山和非火山。喷发时间和火成岩基质等特性会导致不同火山土壤理化性质的差异,进而影响土壤细菌多样性和群落结构。Pearson相关性分析表明：土壤pH显著影响细菌的多样性指数。冗余分析（RDA）结果表明：土壤氮含量、pH和有机质是影响火山森林生态系统土壤细菌群落结构的主要因子。     

运城盐湖细菌群落结构及生态多样性分析

运城盐湖作为一个人类活动深入参与的高盐环境,其中的细菌群落结构及生态多样性既有盐湖环境的共性,又有自身的特殊性。【目的】运城盐湖湖水颜色丰富,蕴含着大量嗜盐及耐盐微生物资源。为了深入探究运城盐湖细菌资源分布规律,对不同水域中细菌多样性和群落结构进行研究,探讨运城盐湖不同水域中细菌群落结构的变化规律。【方法】基于16S rRNA基因的扩增子高通量测序,对运城盐湖不同水域的细菌群落结构进行分析,同时对微生物的潜在代谢功能进行预测。【结果】运城盐湖不同水域中的优势细菌类群有所差异,在盐湖中部,假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)是优势类群;而在运城盐湖东部,芽孢杆菌门(Bacillota)则是主要类群;在运城盐湖西部,髌骨菌门(Patescibacteria)类群较为丰富。对运城盐湖不同区域的细菌多样性进行分析,数据显示盐湖中部浅黄色湖水中微生物多样性显著高于盐湖东部和西部区域,但盐湖中部红色湖水区域的微生物多样性较低。另外,在盐湖中部,湖水颜色不同的区域细菌物种分布也具有较大的差异。对运城盐湖细菌代谢功能进行预测分析发现,在盐湖不同区域的微生物参与的代谢通路活性各不相同,表现出较强的区域分布性,盐湖东部和西部的微生物代谢比盐湖中部更具有活性。【结论】运城盐湖微生物多样性丰富,不同水域的细菌多样性具有显著差异,盐湖不同水域的环境对细菌群落结构具有一定影响。本研究为运城盐湖细菌资源多样性的保育及开发利用提供了重要的理论基础。     

药用植物刺山柑不同部位细菌群落结构及其多样性

【目的】研究传统药用植物刺山柑（Capparis spinosa L.）不同部位细菌群落结构、物种组成和多样性特征,为药用植物微生物资源的开发及微生物与宿主互作提供理论依据。【方法】本研究以刺山柑地上部植物组织（果实、茎）和地下部土壤（根际土壤、非根际土壤）为研究材料,采用高通量测序技术分析刺山柑不同部位细菌的16S rRNA基因多样性,比较其细菌群落结构和物种组成特征。【结果】刺山柑4种样本共获得的3 649个操作分类单元（operational taxonomic unit,OTU）,属于34门、88纲、248目、464科和1 051属。土壤样本的细菌多样性大于植物组织,细菌群落多样性以根际土壤、非根际土壤、茎和果实的顺序逐渐降低,果实内生细菌群落多样性始终最低,显著低于根际土壤。不同部位相对丰度较高的细菌门如下：植物组织中以变形菌门为主,根际土壤中为变形菌门和放线菌门,非根际土中为厚壁菌门和放线菌门。无色杆菌属（Achromobacter）、欧文氏菌属（Erwinia）、肠球菌属（Enterococcus）、微小杆菌属（Exiguobacterium）、乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）和克雷伯氏菌属（Klebsiella）主要存在于刺山柑植物组织中。游动球菌属（Planomicrobium）、库克菌属（Kocuria）、类芽孢杆菌属（Paenibacillus）、链霉菌属（Streptomyces）、微枝形杆菌属（Microvirga）和节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）主要分布于土壤中。β多样性分析结果表明,刺山柑植物组织和土壤的细菌群落结构具有显著差异,同类型样本的细菌群落结构相似。【结论】刺山柑土壤样本中细菌群落的多样性和丰富度均高于植物组织,刺山柑不同部位的细菌群落组成不同。本研究对刺山柑不同部位细菌群落结构进行了初步分析,鉴定了各部位细菌群落中的核心菌群,为以后挖掘刺山柑的功能研究和利用提供了准确的微生物信息。     

烟草种子内生细菌群落结构与多样性

【目的】为了解烟草种子内生细菌的群落结构和多样性。【方法】分别对3个品种(K326、云烟85、云烟87)烟草种子内生细菌的16S rRNA基因V3–V4区进行扩增,采用Illumina MiSeq测序技术对扩增片段进行高通量测序,并对3个品种烟草种子内生细菌群落结构和多样性进行分析。【结果】3个品种种子共获得的V3–V4区高质量序列片段128558条,Shannon指数计算为2.03–3.73,K326和云烟85内生菌多样性指数高于云烟87。3品种烟草种子内生细菌的优势门均为变形菌门Proteobacteria、放线菌门Actinobacteria、厚壁菌门Firmicute和拟杆菌门Bacteroidete。3个品种烟草种子内生细菌共有菌属共有27个,K326和云烟85的最优势菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),云烟87的最优势菌属为大肠杆菌志贺菌属(Escherichia-shigella)。16S功能预测显示各种子中产生了丰度较高的蛋白质、核苷酸、糖类、辅酶及代谢产物合成的有益功能信息。【结论】烟草种子内生细菌多样性丰富,不同品种种子细菌群落组成基本相似,其丰度存在一定差异性。种子中存在的潜在有益细菌包括假单胞菌、类芽孢杆菌、根瘤菌、马赛菌、藤黄单胞菌、萨勒河菌、Lelliottia菌等,具有大量代谢相关的有益功能。研究结果为今后烟草种子内生菌的功能研究和利用以及种子病害生物防控提供参考信息。     

郫县豆瓣细菌多样性及群落结构动态变化北大核心

【目的】通过检测郫县豆瓣在不同发酵阶段细菌的种类、丰度及数量,探究郫县豆瓣的不同发酵产品发酵过程中细菌的动态变化情况。【方法】采用16S rRNA基因测序对郫县豆瓣4个发酵阶段中细菌种类及丰度进行分析,利用荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)方法检测不同发酵阶段的细菌总数。【结果】郫县豆瓣在初期的发酵过程中细菌群落处于动态稳定,在不同发酵阶段细菌群落组成相对丰富,从郫县豆瓣整个初期的发酵过程来看,细菌群落多样性呈现升高的趋势,Shannon指数从1.25升高到3.50;在郫县豆瓣初期发酵过程中细菌群落的数量以及多样性与发酵环境息息相关,不同发酵阶段细菌群落的多样性也有所不同,其中在干辣椒发酵阶段中泛菌属(Pantoea)为最优势菌属,占比为20%;在蚕豆瓣发酵阶段中葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)的相对丰度最高,占比为38%;混合发酵后,在红油豆瓣发酵阶段的最优势菌属是乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus),占比达到27%,郫县豆瓣发酵阶段的最优势菌属是乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus),占比为62%。【结论】推断在郫县豆瓣不同发酵阶段初期相对丰度较大的菌属对郫县豆瓣的质量以及产量可能会产生重大影响。     

柑橘黄龙病株不同部位内生细菌群落结构的多样性

采用PCC(Pearson correlation coefficient)、系统聚类和多样性指数研究了柑橘黄龙病(citrus huanglongbing,HLB)植株不同部位叶片、枝条及其根部内生细菌的相互关系及其群落结构多样性.结果表明,从供试柑橘中分离得到26株内生细菌(叶片10株,枝条14株,根部2株)隶属于10个属19个种.Nested-PCR结果显示,柑橘植株不同空间叶片中,黄龙病病原的阳性检出率为58.3％.用LSD法比较显示,柑橘内生细菌在不同器官的分布量大小依次为根＞叶＞枝条.上、中、下不同部位叶片和枝条内生细菌分布量差异不显著,而东、西、南、北不同方位的叶片和枝条内生细菌分布量差异显著(P＜5％).柑橘内生细菌之间的PCC分析表明,Bacillus pumilus和Bacillus sp.与柑橘黄龙病病原菌呈显著负相关,Bacillus sp.和Bacillus pumilus与Bacillus subtilis呈显著正相关.Bacillus brevis和Escherichia hermannii与Bacillus vesiculariss存在显著正相关.对柑橘不同器官内生细菌的PCC分析表明,同种器官的内生细菌之间呈正相关,不同器官的内生细菌之间呈负相关.以内生细菌在各器官的分布量为指标分析不同器官之间的相关性,结果表明,叶片与枝条呈正相关,PCC为0.55,叶片与根部、枝条与根部均呈负相关,PCC分别为-0.19和-0.13.16S rDNA序列聚类分析表明,柑橘内生细菌可分为两大类,第Ⅰ大类为革兰氏阳性菌,第Ⅱ大类为革兰氏阴性菌.第Ⅰ大类又可以分为芽孢杆菌属和短小杆菌属两个亚类,第Ⅱ大类也可以分两个亚类.对柑橘黄龙病病原与叶片内生细菌进行聚类分析,可以分为三类,第Ⅰ类特征为内生细菌存在所有部位的叶片;第Ⅱ类特征为内生细菌与黄龙病病原菌存在负相关性;第Ⅲ类特征为内生细菌只存在特定部位叶片.当马氏距离为27.23时,可将柑橘黄龙病内生细菌群落结构聚为3类,第Ⅰ类特点是在不同部位叶片均有分布,为完全分布类型,且分布量较大,第Ⅱ类特点是在各器官中均为不完全分布类型,且分布量不均匀,第Ⅲ类特点是根部分布特性且分布量较大.分析多样性指数表明,SHANNON(H1)指数在叶片最高,根部最低.SIMPSON(D)指数在枝条最高,根部最低.Pielou指数在根部最高,枝条最低.     

滴灌对苜蓿根际土壤细菌多样性和群落结构的影响

【背景】细菌作为土壤微生物中的重要类群,能够有效促进土壤物质循环和能量流动,细菌多样性以及群落结构能够反映土壤的质量状况。【目的】了解滴灌条件下苜蓿根际土壤细菌群落结构及多样性变化,探讨土壤环境因子对细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】基于细菌16Sr RNAV3-V4区高通量测序技术,分析比较滴灌与自然降雨两种模式下生长的苜蓿根际与非根际土壤中细菌多样性和群落分布规律,然后采用冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨土壤环境因子与细菌多样性的关系。【结果】苜蓿根际土壤中细菌多样性丰富,滴灌根际土壤中细菌多样性显著高于自然降雨根际土壤;土壤样品中共检测到细菌46门53纲116目220科469属,主要的优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria,25.27%-34.42%),其中α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,11.41%-18.97%)为优势亚群,鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas,1.00%-4.54%)为优势属。相较于自然降雨,滴灌条件下苜蓿根际土壤细菌的6个门和16个属的群落结构发生显著变化;此外,RDA分析表明,不同环境因子对微生物群落的影响不同,滴灌根际土壤中9个细菌属的丰度与全磷、全钾、有效磷、碱解氮、有机质、土壤中性磷酸酶以及土壤脲酶的含量显著正相关。【结论】滴灌作为新型节水技术,在促进植物生长、提高产量、节约成本的基础上增加了植物根际土壤中细菌多样性和丰度,该结果为新型灌溉体制的改革以及土壤微生物资源的开发利用提供科学数据。     

园林植物女贞不同生态位细菌群落结构及其多样性

[目的]女贞是我国分布广泛的园林绿化树种、药用植物和资源昆虫白蜡虫的优良寄主植物,解析女贞叶、茎、根、根际土壤4种生态位的细菌群落结构、物种组成和多样性特征,为研究女贞及其相关微生物组的互作及开发利用女贞内生和根际细菌资源奠定基础.[方法]以女贞叶、茎、根、根际土壤为研究材料,基于细菌16S rRNA基因V5-V7区,...     

乌梁素海湖滨湿地细菌群落结构多样性

【目的】了解乌梁素海湖滨湿地水陆过渡带细菌群落结构及多样性变化,探讨富营养化湖泊湿地基质条件对细菌群落结构的影响。【方法】应用变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术,分析和比较了依陆向分布的4个水陆过渡带样点的湿地细菌群落结构多样性,采用典型对应分析(CCA)探讨了湿地基质因子对细菌多样性的影响。【结果】DGGE图谱显示依湖泊水体沉积物(S-1)→湖滨芦苇沼泽沉积物(S-2)→湖滨碱蓬盐化草甸土壤(S-3)→岸上白刺荒漠土壤(S-4),4个样点的条带数依次减少,对应菌群结构及多样性变化显著;多样性指数分析结果显示,Shannon-Wiener指数(H)、均匀度(E)、丰富度(S)以及Simpson指数(DS)均显示依陆向分布逐步下降的规律,即:S-1S-2S-3S-4。序列比对结果显示,沉积物及土壤细菌分属于变形菌门(78.6%)、酸杆菌门(7.1%)、拟杆菌门(14.3%)这3个细菌类群,优势菌门为变形菌门,而变形菌门又分为5个亚群,其中ε变形菌纲为优势亚群;CCA结果表明,图中各条带对应物种的分布受铵态氮、总氮、有机碳、水溶盐总量、氯离子以及钾离子影响最大。【结论】乌梁素海富营养化湖泊的水陆过渡带湿地细菌群落结构存在较大差异,富营养化相关基质因子对细菌多样性影响较大。这为研究富营养化湖泊湿地水陆过渡带的细菌结构多样性及空间异质性提供了科学依据。     

四川松茸内生细菌群落结构与多样性

为了解松茸的内生细菌群落结构与多样性,以采自四川7个松茸主产区的14个松茸样品为材料,通过变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析其内生细菌的群落结构与多样性差异.结果表明： 各个产区松茸样品的内生细菌群落结构与多样性存在明显差异.但采自相近地点、相似环境的松茸样品内生细菌群落结构相似性较高;样品的丰度范围为15～25,多样性指数依次为盐源＞冕宁＞会东＞木里＞雅江＞盐边＞小金;条带回收测序构建的系统发育树显示,松茸内生细菌种群丰富,各个产区松茸优势种群存在一定的差异,但假单胞菌属、爱文菌属、芽孢杆菌属在所有样品中均有分布,而且都占据一定的优势地位.产碱杆菌属与鞘氨醇杆菌属在大部分样品中为优势种群;而杜擀氏菌属、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属在特定样品中为优势种群.表明松茸内生细菌具有丰富的多样性,研究结果可为筛选促进松茸生长的内生菌提供依据.     

沉水植被的重建与消失对原生动物群落结构和生物多样性的影响

利用建在武汉东湖的中型围隔来研究沉水植被的重建一消失对原生动物群落的影响。结果表明：沉水植被重建后,一些原已消失的种类重又出现,原生动物种类增加,密度降低,多样性指数增高,优势种类由固着种类取代浮游种类。沉水植被的消失引起原生动物优势种类的明显变化,周丛种类大量丧失,但密度显著增高。     

Macroinvertebrates associated with submerged macrophytes: sample size and power to detect effects

When planning and conducting ecological experiments, it is important to consider how many samples are necessary to detect differences among treatments with acceptably high statistical power. An analysis of statistical power is especially important when studying epiphytic macroinvertebrate colonization of submerged plants because they exhibit large plant-to-plant variability. Despite this variability, many studies have suggested that epiphytic macroinvertebrates preferentially colonize plants based on plant architecture type (broad versus dissected leaves). In this study, we calculated the power and number of samples necessary to detect differences in epiphytic macroinvertebrate abundance (numbers and biomass) among five species and two architecture types of macrophytes in a lake in MI, U.S.A. Using power analysis, we found that we had very high power to detect the differences present between macroinvertebrate abundance by architecture type and by macrophyte species (power = 1.000 and 0.994; effect sizes = 0.872 and 0.646, respectively. However, to detect very small differences between the two architecture types and the five plant species, we determined that many more samples were necessary to achieve similar statistical power (effect size = 0.1–0.3, number of samples = 60–527 and 36–310, respectively; power = 0.9). Our results suggest that macroinvertebrate abundance does in fact vary predictably with plant architecture. Dissected-leaf plants harbored higher abundances of macroinvertebrates than broad-leaf plants (ANOVA, density p = 0.001, biomass p < 0.001). This knowledge should allow us to better design future studies of epiphytic macroinvertebrates.     

The submerged macrophytes in Lake Maarsseveen I: Changes in species composition and biomass over a six year period

The submerged macrophytes of Lake Maarsseveen I were surveyed in 1983 using SCUBA diving techniques. Only 40% of the characeans and 75% of the angiosperms detected in 1977 remained. The area colonized by submerged macrophytes was 0.45% in 1983, compared with 25.10% in 1977. The observed decreases were largely attributable to a shift of the plantcolonized areas to shallower depths. By 1983, most of the earlier predominant vegetation types had disappeared and the biomass had decreased. The decline in submerged vegetation may be attributed to increasing eutrophication, fish populations and recreational activities.     

Seasonal patterns of taxonomic and functional beta diversity in submerged macrophytes at a fine scale

Spatiotemporal variation in community composition is of considerable interest in ecology. However, few studies have focused on seasonal variation patterns in taxonomic and functional community composition at the fine scale. As such, we conducted seasonal high‐density sampling of the submerged macrophyte community in Hongshan Bay of Erhai Lake in China and used the generalized dissimilarity model (GDM) to evaluate the effects of environmental factors and geographic distance on taxonomic and functional beta diversity as well as corresponding turnover and nestedness components. At the fine scale, taxonomic turnover and nestedness as well as functional turnover and nestedness showed comparable contributions to corresponding taxonomic and functional beta diversity, with different importance across seasons. All taxonomic and functional dissimilarity metrics showed seasonal variation. Of note, taxonomic beta diversity was highest in summer and lowest in winter, while functional beta diversity showed the opposite pattern. Taxonomic and functional turnover showed similar change patterns as taxonomic and functional beta diversity. Taxonomic nestedness was low in summer and high in winter. Functional nestedness was also lower in summer. These results suggest that under extreme environmental conditions, both turnover and nestedness can exist at the fine scale and seasonal community composition patterns in submerged macrophytes should be considered. Future investigations on community assembly mechanisms should pay greater attention to long‐term dynamic characteristics and functional information.     

Six years of submerged plant community dynamics in a freshwater tidal wetland

1. The dynamics of a submerged plant community were studied for 6 years in a freshwater tidal wetland. The degree and nature of change at several spatial scales (quadrat, transect and overall community) was determined, and the implications for community stability were assessed. 2. A high degree of change was recorded in 1 m² quadrats, and this was reflected in 10 m² transects as well. In quadrats, mean species richness changed every year. Species richness changed in >60% of quadrats each year. Stem number changed by as many as several 100 stems per quadrat from one year to the next. 3. Richness varied more among quadrats than among transects and varied less at the community level than among either quadrats or transects. Greater stability at the spatial scale of the whole community was reflected in high scores on the Jaccard and Morasita–Horn indices and Kendall's coefficient of concordance. 4. Although most of the submerged species were perennials, persistence at the local scale was low, and 4‐year persistence exceeded 50% for only one species. Change in abundance was largely independent among the species. 5. In the face of great small‐scale changes, species remain in the community (and the community persists) because of high recruitment rates.     

The structure of diversity in an epiphytic chironomid community

The structure of diversity in a chironomid community inhabiting submerged macrophytes was analysed, including the relationship between predation/competition and chironomid diversity. Diversity as expressed by the Shannon functionH was found to be strongly associated with equitabilityJ but not with species richnessS in this community. Chironomid species richness was correlated with the abundance of diatoms. DiversityH and equitabilityJ were significantly correlated with chironomid density through the year. Invertebrate predators were generally rare and occurred sporadically throughout the year in this habitat, with only three species (Chaetogaster diaphanus, Rhyacophila dorsalis andZavrelimyia sp.) attaining >25% habitat occupancy. Neither these predators nor non-chironomid competitors encountered in the same habitat (Stylaria lacustris, Ophidonais serpentina, Hydroptila sp.,Simulium spp. andHydropsyche siltalai) appeared to affect diversity measures of the chironomid community under study, apart from a weak tendency of highSimulium density negatively affecting the total chironomid abundance. In conjunction with other analyses, this chironomid community seemed to be stochastically dynamic and was little influenced by biotic factors such as predation and competition.     

Changes in functional composition and diversity of waterbirds: The roles of water level and submerged macrophytes

1. Water level and submerged macrophytes are critical players for the functioning of shallow lake ecosystems; understanding how waterbird communities respond to changes in both can have important implications for conservation and management. Here, we evaluated the effects of changes in water level and submerged macrophyte status on wintering waterbird community size, functional group abundances, functional diversity (FD), and community assembly by using a dataset compiled over 50 years.
2. We built generalised linear models to evaluate the effects of water level and submerged macrophyte status on the above-listed attributes of the waterbird communities by using mid-winter waterbird censuses, water level measurements, and submerged macrophyte surveys, along with submerged macrophyte macrofossil records from two shallow lakes in Turkey. Using a relevant set of functional traits, we defined functional groups, calculated four FD measures, and simulated null distributions of the FD measures for assessing assembly rules.
3. We found that macrophyte-dominated years had significantly higher abundances of waterbirds in one of the study lakes, and had more diving herbivores and omnivores in both lakes, while diving/scooping fish-eating waterbird abundance was lower in macrophyte-dominated years. Community size in Lake Beyşehir exhibited a negative association with water level; surprisingly, however, none of the functional group abundances and FD indices were significantly related to water level.
4. In our study communities, standardised effect sizes of functional richness and functional dispersion—two indices that are particularly sensitive to community assembly processes—were mostly lower than those of randomly assembled communities, which implies functional clustering. Shifts to a scarce-macrophyte state were associated with increases in these two indices, possibly due to either changes in the relative strength of environmental filtering and limiting similarity in community assembly or sampling of transitional communities. Further studies covering a wider range of the trophic/macrophyte status spectrum are needed to be certain.
5. The results of this study indicate that shifts between abundant and scarce-macrophyte states can have significant effects on wintering waterbird abundances, FD and community assembly. The results also suggest that shallow lakes in macrophyte-dominated states can support more wintering waterbirds, especially diving omnivores, some of which are globally threatened.

     

Eutrophication decreases ecological resilience by reducing species diversity and altering functional traits of submerged macrophytes

Positive feedback is key to producing alternative stable states and largely determines ecological resilience in response to external perturbations. Understanding the positive feedback mechanisms in macrophyte-dominated lakes is crucial for resilience-based management and restoration. Based on the field investigation of submerged macrophyte communities in 35 lakes in China, we found that morphological complexity (MC) and morphological plasticity (MP) are correlated with the stoichiometric homeostasis of phosphorus (H_P) and are related to ecosystem structure, functioning, and stability. We also found that the positive feedback strength of lakes dominated by macrophytes is biomass- and diversity-dependent. Eutrophication can decrease the community biomass by decreasing community MC, MP, and H_P and the species diversity through low-light availability, ultimately decreasing the positive feedback strength and resilience of clear water states. We argue that functional traits and species diversity should be considered to build more resilient ecosystems in future changing environment scenarios.     

沉水植物茎叶微界面特性研究进展

沉水植物茎叶-水界面是浅水湖泊的重要界面之一,对湖泊生物地球化学循环和水环境质量具有重要影响。富营养化水体中,大量的附着物常富集在沉水植物茎叶表面,形成了特殊的生物-水微界面。对该微界面特性进行深入研究,有助于揭示沉水植物在微环境层面对富营养化水体中物质循环的调控过程和机制。沉水植物茎叶微界面具有促进水体养分转化、改变环境因子及可溶性物质的空间分布,增加物质运输的阻力和距离、降低植物光合作用、调控重金属等生态功能;微界面结构及环境因子受水体营养盐浓度、沉水植物种类及生长阶段等因素的影响。对微界面结构功能的主要研究方法进行了分析总结,并对沉水植物茎叶微界面的研究前沿进行了展望。     

An integrated remote sampling approach for aquatic invertebrates associated with submerged macrophytes

A sampling method and apparatus for collecting meaningful and quantifiable samples of aquatic macroinvertebrates, and the macrophytes they are associated with, are presented. Where physical danger from wildlife is a significant factor, especially in Africa, this apparatus offers some safety in that it can be operated from a boat. The study aimed to determine whether the methods and apparatus presented would sample a similar diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates in comparison with a standard method. A total of 18 aquatic invertebrate families were collected, with no significant differences in diversity between the methods but, using the proposed method, there were significantly higher abundances of Baetidae, Caenidae, Ecnomidae and Physidae. The methods presented do give a quantifiable sample of macroinvertebrates on submerged macrophytes.