治疗腹膜后血肿的临床探讨

目的：探讨治疗腹膜后血肿的临床疗效。方法：对腹膜后血肿106例分型、诊断及治疗进行了回顾性分析。结果：腹膜后血肿无特异性症状和体征,可通过休克、腹穿、放射、超声波、尿路及血管造影等提高诊断,手术79例,非手术19例,死亡8例。结论：对腹膜后血肿的早期诊断及救治是提高生存率的关键。     

特发性腹膜后纤维化一例并文献复习

目的:分析腹膜后纤维化(RPF)的诊断以及治疗情况,以提高对RPF的认识。方法:回顾性分析我科18F-FDGPET/CT诊断的1例RPF患者的临床资料,并对相关文献进行复习。结果:本例患者以腹胀及右下腹部隐痛不适就诊,腹部CT表现为腹主动脉周围肿块,18F-FDGPET/CT显示腹膜后间隙中线大血管周围糖代谢增高肿块,经CT引导下穿刺及手术病理确诊为特发性腹膜后纤维化。结论:腹膜后纤维化属罕见病,CT、MRI在诊断中有较重要作用,PET/CT在IRPF的诊断及治疗随访中有比较重要的价值,在治疗方面,糖皮质激素治疗效果较好,晚期常需要手术治疗。     

原发性腹膜后肿瘤46例诊疗分析

目的:总结并探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤(PRPT)的诊断及治疗方法。方法:回顾并分析2004年1月至2009年12月收治的46例腹膜后肿瘤患者的临床资料及随访结果。结果:良性肿瘤17例,完整切除15例,部分切除2例,复发4例,均再次手术;恶性肿瘤29例,完整切除10例,部分切除15例,活检2例,复发6例,再次手术4例。随访时间0.5至5年,良性肿瘤死于其他疾病3例,死于原发性腹膜后肿瘤1例;恶性肿瘤死亡22例,其中1年内死亡8例,3年内死亡12例,5年内死亡2例。结论:对原发性腹膜后肿瘤,B超、CT及MRI检查是目前诊断PRPT方便、有效的诊断手段,手术治疗是治疗PRPT的首选治疗方式,完整切除肿瘤是影响PRPT治疗效果及其预后的重要因素。对于复发病例应选择再次手术治疗。     

特发性腹膜后纤维化一例并文献复习

目的：分析腹膜后纤维化（RPF）的诊断以及治疗情况,以提高对RPF的认识。方法：回顾性分析我科18F-FDGPET/CT诊断的1例RPF患者的临床资料,并对相关文献进行复习。结果：本例患者以腹胀及右下腹部隐痛不适就诊,腹部CT表现为腹主动脉周围肿块,18F-FDGPET/CT显示腹膜后间隙中线大血管周围糖代谢增高肿块,经CT引导下穿刺及手术病理确诊为特发性腹膜后纤维化。结论：腹膜后纤维化属罕见病,CT、MRI在诊断中有较重要作用,PET/CT在IRPF的诊断及治疗随访中有比较重要的价值,在治疗方面,糖皮质激素治疗效果较好,晚期常需要手术治疗。     

特发性腹膜后纤维化误诊为输尿管癌1 例报告并文献复习

目的:分析并掌握腹膜后纤维化的诊疗特点,避免对该病的误诊误治。方法:回顾性分析1例腹膜后纤维化患者分别因两侧肾积水先后两次住院并最终确诊的诊疗过程中的临床资料,包括临床表现、影像特点、病理结果、治疗方法及预后等,并结合相关文献进行复习。结果:患者因右肾积水首次入院诊断为右输尿管癌而行右侧肾输尿管切除术,后患者因左肾积水来我院住院诊断为腹膜后纤维化,行腹腔镜输尿管松解+腹腔内置术,术后长期随访疗效满意。结论:腹膜后纤维化作为一种少见病,缺乏对其认识极易导致误诊误治,掌握该疾病的临床特点及选择适宜的治疗方案,对本病的诊疗具有重要意义。     

原发性腹膜后肿瘤46例诊疗分析

目的：总结并探讨原发性腹膜后肿瘤（PRPT）的诊断及治疗方法。方法：回顾并分析2004年1月至2009年12月收治的46例腹膜后肿瘤患者的临床资料及随访结果。结果：良性肿瘤17例,完整切除15例,部分切除2例,复发4例,均再次手术;恶性肿瘤29例,完整切除10例,部分切除15例,活检2例,复发6例,再次手术4例。随访时间0.5至5年,良性肿瘤死于其他疾病3例,死于原发性腹膜后肿瘤1例;恶性肿瘤死亡22例,其中1年内死亡8例,3年内死亡12例,5年内死亡2例。结论：对原发性腹膜后肿瘤,B超、CT及MRI检查是目前诊断PRPT方便、有效的诊断手段,手术治疗是治疗PRPT的首选治疗方式,完整切除肿瘤是影响PRPT治疗效果及其预后的重要因素。对于复发病例应选择再次手术治疗。     

局部亚低温联合血肿清除术治疗外伤性脑内血肿的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨局部亚低温联合血肿清除术治疗外伤性脑内血肿患者的临床疗效。方法:选择我院收治的外伤性脑内血肿患者89例,均给予血肿清除术治疗,其中47例接受血肿清除术联合局部亚低温治疗,评价和比较两组治疗后的临床疗效,术前及术后1天、1周、2周的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分和血肿体积。结果:治疗组有效率为93.6%,明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗组术后1天、1周、2周的NIHSS评分明显高于对照组(P0.05),血肿大小明显小于对照组(P0.05)。结论:局部亚低温联合血肿清除术治疗外伤性脑内血肿能有效减轻患者脑部损害,提高患者神经功能。     

慢性硬脑膜下血肿的手术治疗策略

目的:探讨慢性硬脑膜下血肿手术治疗的最佳术式策略及方法选择.方法:对330例390个(单侧血肿270例,双侧血肿60例)慢性硬脑膜下血肿的临床表现及手术方式,术后复查CT或MRI随访结果进行临床分析.结果:单侧血肿钻一孔引流224例,钻二孔引流35例,双侧血肿两侧各钻一孔引流49例,双侧血肿两侧各钻二孔引流11例,11例行开颅血清除包膜切除术,术后临床症状明显改善327例,无变化3例,其中1例术后并发肺部感炎死亡,另1例突发心肌梗塞死亡,术后第一天例行头颅CT检查,血肿腔明显变小,大部分病例脑组织复位,硬脑膜下有少量积液和气体,1月至3个月随访复查CT165例,其中示有血肿复发再次手术3例,163例示脑组织复位,临床恢复良好.结论:慢性硬脑膜下血肿早期临床症状不典型,及时进行CT或MRI检查明确诊断,手术治疗效果显著,但慢性硬脑膜下血肿常见老年人,常合并其他疾病,手术方式及麻醉选择对疗效有一定的影响.     

多层螺旋CT 对腹膜后纤维化的诊断价值

目的:评价MSCT对腹膜后纤维化的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经临床及手术、活检病理证实9例腹膜后纤维化患者的MSCT影像资料,分别由两名副主任医师采用盲法对RPF病变发生部位、病变范围、病灶形态、密度及与周围组织的解剖关系显示情况进行分析,所有病例均进行平扫及三期增强扫描,并进行平扫及增强后病变CT值测定。采用多平面重建(MPR)、曲面重建(CMPR)、容积重建(VR)及CT尿路造影(CTU)技术进行分析。结果:所有患者CT平扫表现为腹膜后不规则近似于肌肉密度的软组织病变,6例病灶边界清晰,3例边界不清。9例均不同程度包绕腹膜后大血管,8例始于肾门下方,一例累及十二指肠上动脉。9例均不同程度累及一侧或双侧输尿管,造成输尿管及肾盂扩张积水,输尿管管壁增厚。增强扫描7例有轻中度强化,2例强化不明显。结论:MSCT可以显示腹膜后纤维化的特征,MPR、CMPR、VR及CTU技术综合应用有利于明确病变部位、形态、范围及与周围组织的解剖关系,有利于提高该病的诊断准确率。     

顶部跨上矢状窦硬膜外血肿的外科治疗策略探讨

目的:探讨顶部跨上矢状窦硬膜外血肿的诊断和外科治疗策略,提高其临床治疗效果。方法:回顾分析2002年1月～2011年10月我院收治的27例颅脑创伤后发生的跨上矢状窦硬膜外血肿病例的临床资料、手术方法,总结分析其治疗效果。结果:按GOS治疗结果评定,保守治疗的15例患者均恢复良好;开颅手术的12例患者中,7例恢复良好,1例中残,1例重残,1例植物生存,2例死亡。全组病人均经头颅X线或CT检查提示血肿区域有骨折或冠状缝或矢状缝分离,并经手术证实,其中伴有上矢状窦破裂2例。单纯骨折不伴有矢状窦损伤者手术效果较好,而伴有矢状窦撕裂者预后较差。结论:顶叶跨上矢状窦硬膜外血肿临床少见,病情变化快,正确掌握顶部跨上矢状窦硬膜外血肿的诊断和把握手术指征,有助于改善其预后。     

La fracture de verge à Dakar. à propos de 25 cas

Objectives

To describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of penile fracture in the department of Urology-Andrology of h?pital général de Grand Yoff, Dakar, Sénégal.

Materials and methods

We reviewed the medical records of cases of penile fracture managed at the h?pital général de Grand Yoff from January 2001 to December 2011. The data of interest were: age at diagnosis, geographic origin, clinical presentation, surgical findings, treatment and outcomes.

Results

In ten years, 25 cases of penile fracture were found with an average of 2,5 cases per year and patients mean age of 36 years with 22 and 60 years as extremes. The circumstances of occurrence were mainly forced manipulation (52%) and coitus (32%). Pain associated with penile curvature, swelling localized to the penis or extending to the pubis or the perineum were the major clinical findings. A prompt emergency (mean time for providing care was 2 hours ranging from 45 minuts to 2 days) surgical explorationwith suture of the albuginea of the corpus cavernosum was the treatment in all cases.

Conclusion

Penile fracture is a relatively uncommon urological emergency in our setting. The diagnosis is easy, mostly based on clinical examination. A prompt and appropriate surgical management is the key to cosmetic and functional outcomes.     

16层螺旋CT三维重建与DR平片检查对外伤性肋骨骨折的诊断价值比较研究

目的:研究16层螺旋电子计算机断层扫描(CT)三维重建与数字化摄影(DR)平片检查对外伤性肋骨骨折的诊断价值,为临床诊治提供参考。方法:将2017年6月至2018年6月期间于本院接受诊治的82例外伤性肋骨骨折患者作为研究对象,所有患者均接受16层螺旋CT三维重建与DR平片检查,观察并记录患者的骨折发生部位,并比较两种诊断方法对外伤性肋骨骨折诊断的准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值以及漏诊情况。结果:82例外伤性肋骨骨折患者经影像学与临床诊断明确发生骨折179处,多发性骨折发生率为62.20%,单发性骨折发生率为37.80%,骨折肋骨段位中4-10段骨折发生率最高为69.83%,骨折肋骨水平阶段中腋肋骨折发生率最高为59.78%。相较于DR平片,16层螺旋CT三维重建诊断外伤性肋骨骨折的准确率、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值更高,漏诊率更低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相较于DR平片检查,应用16层螺旋CT三维重建检查外伤性肋骨骨折能明显提高临床诊断的准确率、灵敏度和特异性,减少漏诊,可为临床诊治提供更可靠的信息,值得临床推广。     

胫骨螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折与单纯踝关节骨折的区别

目的:比较后踝骨折两种不同类型的临床区别,为后踝骨折的临床诊治提供借鉴参考依据。方法:选取2010年1月-2013年1月我院收治的成人胫腓骨骨干骨折和单纯踝关节骨折患者3578例为研究对象,对两种骨折患者的后踝骨折发生率、后踝骨折合并外踝骨折的发生率等进行比较分析。结果:(1)TAF患者的后踝骨折发生率高于单纯踝关节骨折患者的后踝骨折发生率,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)TSPMF患者的外踝骨折发生率低于单纯后踝关节骨折的外踝骨折发生率,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胫骨螺旋形骨折与单纯踝关节骨折存在一定程度的差异,临床实践中应针对两种骨折的临床特点实施有针对性的治疗方案。     

Value of image-guided needle aspiration cytology in the assessment of pelvic and retroperitoneal masses. A study of 112 cases

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of the noninvasive method of image-guided needle aspiration cytology (NAC) in the assessment of radiologically detected pelvic and retroperitoneal space-occupying lesions (excluding the pancreas, kidney and adrenal). STUDY DESIGN: NAC was performed under computed tomographic or ultrasound guidance on 112 patients suspected of having a pelvic or retroperitoneal mass. Cytologic examination was performed on site after staining smears with the Papanicolaou method. In addition, air-dried smears, fixed smears, filter preparations from needle washings and cell blocks were studied. The NAC diagnosis was supported by examining cell blocks; further support was obtained with a tissue biopsy in some cases. Additionally, pertinent immunoperoxidase and/or histochemical studies were done. RESULTS: Eighteen cases were diagnosed as inflammatory lesions, 17 cases consisted of normal cellular elements, and 12 cases showed scanty material and were considered unsatisfactory/inadequate for a diagnosis. Five cases were suspicious for malignancy, and in 39 cases metastatic tumors were diagnosed from a previously known primary. Thirteen cases were diagnosed as lymphoma, and in 8 cases a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma was made. There were no false positive diagnoses of malignancy. Cell block preparations and immunohistochemistry were helpful with tumor typing, although lymphoma subtyping and soft tissue tumor typing generally required open biopsy. CONCLUSION: NAC, as the first-line investigation, is not only useful in the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the pelvic and retroperitoneal region but can also help in choosing appropriate management. The technique is most useful in diagnosing metastases but is also helpful in excluding malignancy in some cases and in suggesting diagnoses of lymphomas and soft tissue tumors.     

多排螺旋CT后处理技术对不规则骨骨折的诊断价值

目的:探讨多排螺旋CT及其后处理技术在诊断不规则骨骨折中的诊断价值。方法:用16排螺旋CT对25例怀疑颅骨、脊柱或关节附近骨折的外伤患儿进行扫描并进行后处理(MPR、VR)。结果:25例病例中颅骨骨折15例,脊柱骨折5例,四肢关节骨折5例(其中3例关节内骨折伴有骺软骨损伤)。结论:对于不规则骨骨折,多排螺旋CT及其后处理重建具有很大的优越性,应横断位、MPR及VR三者相结合判断,为临床提供丰富的、科学的、准确的信息依据。     

Fine needle aspiration cytology of late-stage callus in stress fracture. A case report

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is effective in the diagnosis of bone lesions when combined with careful radiologic and clinical evaluation. The cytologic features of callus have not been described before in the English-language literature. CASE: An 18-year-old female presented with a pain in the right lower leg that had been present for two months. Clinical and radiologic findings suggested either stress fracture or periosteal osteosarcoma. The aspiration specimen showed individually scattered, oval cells with moderate amounts of pale pink cytoplasm. The cells contained a single eccentrically located nucleus with evenly distributed, fine chromatin. Osteoclastic giant cells were scattered in the smears. A cytologic diagnosis of benign bone-forming lesion, compatible with callus in fracture, was made. The diagnosis of late-stage callus was confirmed by subsequent histologic examination. CONCLUSION: Typical cases of stress fracture do not need histologic examination, but some cases may be confused with benign and malignant bone tumors. The typical and unique cytologic features of late-stage callus combined with clinical and radiologic findings may prevent the use of more invasive diagnostic procedures and can be a choice for management.     

15例多发性骨髓瘤早期误诊临床探究及启示

目的:总结分析多发性骨髓瘤(Multiple Myeloma,MM)的临床资料和实验室特点,增强对该病的认识,降低漏诊和误诊率。方法:对15例确诊MM患者的临床资料和实验室数据进行回顾性分析。结果:15例确诊的MM患者中,贫血13例,肾功能损害10例,骨痛和骨骼疾患3例,肺部感染1例,颅内占位1例,全血细胞减少1例,升主动脉扩张1例,以贫血、肾功能受损和骨折骨痛最多见。骨髓细胞学检查可见浆细胞比例增高,形态呈多样化,可见双核、多核的骨髓瘤细胞。X线或CT检查可见多发性虫蚀样及穿凿样骨质破坏影,密度低,边界清或不清,甚至出现病理性骨折。血清免疫固定电泳检出M蛋白。结论:多发性骨髓瘤多见于中老年人,随人口老龄化发病率逐年上升,其临床表现复杂多样,引起贫血、感染、肾功能损害、骨痛、病理性骨折,甚至局部肿物或占位等罕见临床症状,缺乏特异性,常造成误诊,在实际工作中临床工作人员应加强对MM的认识,掌握其临床表现的复杂特点,对异常的实验室检查结果应加以综合分析,使多发性骨髓瘤能够得到及时确诊和治疗。     

Cytologic finding of chyloascites in lymphangioleiomyomatosis. A case report

BACKGROUND: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease, histologically characterized by an abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle around the lymphatics. Lung is the most common site of involvement, and patients usually present with dyspnea, chest pain, and cough. Chylous pleural effusion and ascites occasionally appear during the course of the disease. There are only a few reports on the cytologic findings in this disease. To our knowledge, the cytologic findings of chylous pleural effusion and chyloascites have not been reported before. CASE: A 23-year-old female presented with chylothorax, chyloascites and a retroperitoneal mass. Cytologic examination of chylous pleural effusion and chyloascites revealed numerous cohesive and thick clusters of cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, oval nuclei and slightly increased chromatin content. Mitosis and necrosis were not observed. Exploratory laparotomy and transbronchial lung biopsy were performed, and the histologic diagnosis was lymphangioleiomyomatosis involving the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, uterine fundus and lungs. Immunohistochemistry showed that the characteristic clusters in chylous fluids were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. CONCLUSION: A diagnosis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis is possible from cytologic findings of effusions with the aid of clinical findings.