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Abstract: Shark bite marks, including striae, sulci and abrasions, in a well‐preserved fossil dolphin skeleton referred to Astadelphis gastaldii (Cetacea, Delphinidae) from Pliocene sediments of Piedmont (northern Italy), are described in detail. The exceptional combination of a fossil dolphin having a significant part of the skeleton preserved and a large number of bite marks on the bones represents one of the few detailed documentations of shark attack in the past. Most bite marks have been referred to a shark about 4 m long with unserrated teeth, belonging to Cosmopolitodus hastalis, on the basis of their shape and their general disposition on the dolphin skeleton. According to our hypothesis, the shark attacked the dolphin with an initial mortal bite to the abdomen from the rear and right, in a similar way as observed for the living white shark when attacking pinnipeds. A second, less strong, bite was given on the dorsal area when the dolphin, mortally injured, probably rolled to the left. The shark probably released the prey, dead or dying, and other sharks or fishes probably scavenged the torn body of the dolphin.  相似文献   

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Knowledge of geographic variation is important to questions of population assessment and management. Fraser's dolphins have been exploited in two regions in the western Pacific. Analysis of 137 skulls from the Philippines, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Africa, France, the U.S., St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and the eastern tropical Pacific revealed sexual dimorphism in 5 of 26 measurements (difference of 1.9%-5.8% between males and females), similar to levels of cranial dimorphism in other small pelagic delphinids. Males had a larger braincase and temporal fossae and smaller external nares than females. Sexually dimorphic characters were excluded, and male and females samples were pooled to examine geographic differences in the remaining characters. Multivariate analyses yielded significant differences between the Philippine and Japanese series within the North Pacific and between a pooled North Pacific series and a North Atlantic series. The Japanese skulls were on average broader and had a wider rostrum, larger orbit, larger internal nares, and longer braincase than the Philippine skulls. These differences suggest that Fraser's dolphins exploited in Japanese and Philippine waters in directed fisheries or as by catch belong to different populations and should be assessed and managed separately.  相似文献   

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STATUS OF STUDIES ON FOSSIL MARINE MAMMALS   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
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  1. The global range of Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus is not well known, and there has been confusion in the literature as to whether the species has a broad, circumglobal range or only occurs along continental margins.
  2. To clarify the species' distribution and habitat preferences, we compiled and reviewed all available (published and unpublished) records of sightings and captures of this species for the past 62 years (1950–2012, n = 8068 records). Stranding records were not included.
  3. The results showed that the species has a range that extends across ocean basins and spans between at least 64°N and 46°S, and is apparently absent from high‐latitude polar waters. Although Risso's dolphins occur in all habitats from coastal to oceanic, they show a strong range‐wide preference for mid‐temperate waters of the continental shelf and slope between 30° and 45° latitude.
  4. Although a number of misconceptions about the distributional ecology of Risso's dolphin have existed, this analysis showed that it is a widespread species. It strongly favours temperate waters and prefers continental shelf and slope waters to oceanic depths. These habitat preferences appear to hold throughout much or all of the species' range.
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The northernmost occurrence of Bassanago albescens in the western Atlantic Ocean (off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is presented and compared with the available data on this species. Specimens formerly identified as Rhynchoconger guppyi from off the southern Brazilian coast are regarded as B. albescens.  相似文献   

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首次报道姬尺蛾亚科离顶尺蛾属Apostegania Prout,1932和离顶尺蛾A.crina(Swinhoe,1892)在中国分布,给出了形态描述和特征图。  相似文献   

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长白山区黏菌物种多样性编目   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
系统记载了长白山地区黏菌 2 10种 ,隶属于 32属 10科 6目 3亚纲。其中 ,环丝团网菌 (Arcyriaannulif eraTorrend)、大团网菌 [A .major (G .Lister)B .Ing]、暗红垂网菌 (A .oerstedtiiRost .)、球囊白柄菌 [Diacheabul billosa (Berk .&Br.)A .Lister]、高山双皮菌 (DidermaalpinumMeylan)、白煤绒菌 [Fuligocinerea (Schw .)Mor gan]、大粉瘤菌 [Lycogalaflavofuscum (Ehrenb .)Rost .]、金黄绒泡菌 (PhysarumcitrinumSchum .)、刺发网菌 (Stemo nitisflavogenitaJahn)、半网发网菌 (S .hyperoptaMeylan)和小孢发网菌 (S .microspermaB .Ing)等 11个种为吉林省新记录种。给出了全部物种的市县级地理分布信息。  相似文献   

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记述产自海南、广西的长喙天蛾属Macroglossum Scopoli,1777 1新种:朱氏长喙天蛾Macroglossum chui Pan Han sp.nov.,以及1中国新纪录种:斜带长喙天蛾Macroglossum clemensi Cadiou,1998,提供了种的鉴别特征、成虫和外生殖器图。  相似文献   

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记述脊窄吉丁种团Agrilus japanocarinatus species-group 2新种:长脊窄吉丁Agrilus longicarinus sp.nov.(广东)和林氏窄吉丁 A.lini sp.nov.(海南).首次记录了阿氏窄吉丁 A.arsenevi Jendek,2009.编制了该种团的中国种检索表...  相似文献   

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《Current biology : CB》2022,32(8):1843-1851.e2
Download : Download video (24MB)  相似文献   

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中国林蛙新亚种研究   总被引:18,自引:2,他引:18  
本文根据采集于陕西户县、甘肃榆中,四川康定和吉林白河产中国林蛙Rana chensinensis 371号标本,对其形态、染色体组型、C带、银带及血清LDH同工酶电泳酶带进行了比较研究,发现榆中、康定和白河的标本与中国林蛙模式产地户县的标本两两之间均存在显著差异,因此确定榆中、康定和白河产中国林蛙为三个新亚种。  相似文献   

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Zooplankton was sampled during the summer of 1995 from a grid of 34 shelf stations located off the Ria de Aveiro (northwestern Portugal), which were arranged into cross-shore transects extending either to the shelf break or to the 50 m isobath. At each station, a bongo net was hauled obliquely from close to the bottom or a maximum depth of 50 m to the surface. STD casts were made also at each station and wind data were obtained from a land station. Analysis of salinity and temperature data detected the presence of strong thermohaline stratification and a lens of reduced salinity water at the surface. A well-defined front, located at a depth of 10 to 35 m, separated cold water close to shore from warmer offshore water. Isopycnals between the front and the shore were bent towards the surface. The structure of the thermohaline features was consistent with the upwelling-favourable winds measured during the sampling period. A classification and a multivariate analysis of variance of the more abundant species showed the presence of two distinct assemblages that were separated by the front, indicating that these formations are important features structuring the zooplanktonic community of upwelling areas. The data further indicate that the zooplankton was composed of Palaeartic Atlantic and Mediterranean neritic species, and that oceanic species were absent from the samples. The absence of oceanic species is interpreted as resulting from the offshore displacement of the slope poleward flow and of the Portugal Current that takes place during the summer, as a response to upwelling-favourable winds.  相似文献   

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邓敏  曹利民  曹明 《广西植物》2008,28(6):731-734
基于对中国主要标本馆的青冈亚属标本的全面整理,该研究证实尖叶青冈(Quercus acuta Thunberg)在中国香港及广东省有分布,并且本文对尖叶青冈及其近缘种鉴别特征进行了讨论和界定。  相似文献   

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1. Many species of delphinids co-occur in space and time. However, little is known of their ecological interactions and the underlying mechanisms that mediate their coexistence. 2. Snubfin Orcaella heinsohni, and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins Sousa chinensis, live in sympatry throughout most of their range in Australian waters. I conducted boat-based surveys in Cleveland Bay, north-east Queensland, to collect data on the space and habitat use of both species. Using Geographic Information Systems, kernel methods and Euclidean distances I investigated interspecific differences in their space use patterns, behaviour and habitat preferences. 3. Core areas of use (50% kernel range) for both species were located close to river mouths and modified habitat such as dredged channels and breakwaters close to the Port of Townsville. Foraging and travelling activities were the dominant behavioural activities of snubfin and humpback dolphins within and outside their core areas. 4. Their representative ranges (95% kernel range) overlapped considerably, with shared areas showing strong concordance in the space use by both species. Nevertheless, snubfin dolphins preferred slightly shallower (1-2 m) waters than humpback dolphins (2-5 m). Additionally, shallow areas with seagrass ranked high in the habitat preferences of snubfin dolphins, whereas humpback dolphins favoured dredged channels. 5. Slight differences in habitat preferences appear to be one of the principal factors maintaining the coexistence of snubfin and humpback dolphins. I suggest diet partitioning and interspecific aggression as the major forces determining habitat selection in these sympatric species.  相似文献   

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Rorqual whales (crown Balaenopteridae) are unique among aquatic vertebrates in their ability to lunge feed. During a single lunge, rorquals rapidly engulf a large volume of prey‐laden water at high speed, which they then filter to capture suspended prey. Engulfment biomechanics are mostly governed by the coordinated opening and closing of the mandibles at large gape angles, which differentially exposes the floor of the oral cavity to oncoming flow. The mouth area in rorquals is delimited by unfused bony mandibles that form kinetic linkages to each other and with the skull. The relative scale and morphology of these skeletal elements have profound consequences for the energetic efficiency of foraging in these gigantic predators. Here, we performed a morphometric study of rorqual mandibles using a data set derived from a survey of museum specimens. Across adult specimens of extant balaenopterids, mandibles range in size from ~1–6 m in length, and at their upper limit they represent the single largest osteological element of any vertebrate, living or extinct. Our analyses determined that rorqual mandibles exhibit positive allometry, whereby the relative size of these mandibles becomes greater with increasing body size. These robust scaling relationships allowed us to predict mandible length for fragmentary remains (e.g. incomplete and/or fossil specimens), as we demonstrated for two partial mandibles from the latest Miocene of California, USA, and for mandibles from previously described fossil balaenopterids. Furthermore, we showed the allometry of mandible length to body size in extant mysticetes, which hints at fundamental developmental constraints in mysticetes despite their ecomorphological differences in feeding styles. Lastly, we outlined how our findings can be used to test hypotheses about the antiquity and evolution of lunge feeding. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London  相似文献   

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