特比萘芬联合伊曲康唑治疗孢子丝菌病失败1例

伊曲康唑和特比萘芬治疗孢子丝菌病（sporo-trichosis）有效安全,目前已成为孢子丝菌病治疗指南中的推荐用药[1].但少数患者单用伊曲康唑或特比萘芬不能有效控制病情,研究显示两药分别联合碘化钾溶液或两药联合治疗皮肤型孢子丝菌病显示疗效增强2-6].最近,我们诊治1例由球形孢子丝菌引起的皮肤固定型孢子丝菌病患者,采用特比萘芬联合伊曲康唑治疗失败,之后经特比萘芬联合碘化钾溶液治疗才获得痊愈.鉴于该病例治疗过程的特殊性,我们对其分离菌株进行了一些相关的实验研究,现报道如下.     

鼻部固定型孢子丝菌病1例

报道1例猫抓后引起的固定型孢子丝菌病.患者男,16岁,皮损表现为鼻翼部位的增生物,其上覆有脓痂.临床上易与细菌感染混淆,但根据患者的病史、临床表现、病理、真菌镜检及培养诊断为申克孢子丝菌引起的孢子丝菌病.患者在应用7个月的碘化钾结合特比萘芬软膏外用治疗后,皮损完全消失.     

1株多重耐药申克孢子丝菌感染的治疗

报道1例由多重耐药申克孢子丝菌引起的面部孢子丝菌病。患者61岁男性,面部皮疹2 a余,先后口服伊曲康唑、特比萘芬和氟康唑治疗16个月无效。患者皮损经真菌镜检和培养确诊为孢子丝菌病,分离的申克孢子丝菌体外药敏试验显示其菌丝相和酵母相对上述三种药物均不敏感。给予患者口服10%碘化钾溶液治疗3个月获得痊愈。     

特比萘芬治愈儿童鼻翼孢子丝菌病1例

目的报道1例发生在4岁儿童鼻翼的孢子丝菌病。方法刮取病变组织接种到沙堡弱培养基培养,并对培养出的病原菌进行形态学鉴定和ITS区序列分析。结果病变组织在沙堡弱培养基25℃培养长出黑褐色菌落,25℃小培养后光镜及扫描电镜下见菌丝细长,分枝分隔,合轴式产孢形成的成簇和沿菌丝两侧排列,分生孢子卵圆形。提取真菌总DNA用PCR方法扩增ITS序列,测序后登录GeneBank进行比对,该菌与申克孢子丝菌菌株KMU3360ITS区碱基序列一致性达99%,鉴定为申克孢子丝菌。内服联合局部应用特比萘芬治疗6个月后皮损完全消退。结论确诊1例儿童鼻翼的孢子丝菌病,内服联合局部应用特比萘芬治疗儿童孢子丝菌病疗效良好。     

伊曲康唑联合特比萘芬治疗孢子丝菌病疗效及其对病原真菌体外抗菌活性研究

目的 初步探讨伊曲康唑和特比萘芬联合治疗孢子丝菌病的疗效,评价两药体外联合对申克孢子丝菌菌丝相和酵母相的抗菌活性.方法 口服伊曲康唑200mg/d和特比萘芬250mg/d治疗孢子丝菌病;体外联合药敏试验采用棋盘微量稀释法,计算分数抑菌浓度(FIC)指数判定两药相互作用具有协同、拮抗或无关作用.结果 伊曲康唑和特比萘芬联...     

球形孢子丝菌致婴儿固定型孢子丝菌病1例及相关实验研究

报道1例由球形孢子丝菌所致的婴儿固定型孢子丝菌病。患儿女,3个月,因左眼下内侧皮损2个月就诊,皮损脓液标本进行真菌培养,对培养获得菌株进行形态学、生理学和分子生物学鉴定,并进行药物敏感性检测。真菌培养阳性,镜下可见典型的套袖样菌丝。钙调蛋白基因序列分析鉴定为球形孢子丝菌。药敏试验显示特比萘芬和伊曲康唑对该菌株的菌丝相最低抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitorycon centration,MIC）分别为0．5μg／mL和0．5μg／mL;对该菌株的酵母相的MIC值分别为0．25μg／mL和0．5μg／mL。给予患者口服特比萘芬32．5mg／d治疗10周后皮损消退呈瘢痕化修复。依据临床及实验室检查确诊该病例为球形孢子丝菌所致固定型孢子丝菌病,特比萘芬治疗本病例显示较好疗效。     

伊曲康唑联合特比萘芬治疗孢子丝菌病1例

孢子丝菌病（sporotrichosis）是由申克孢子丝菌引起的一种亚急性或慢性真菌感染,本病易侵犯皮肤、皮下组织及其附近的淋巴管,当存在免疫缺陷时,可能出现播散型感染。最近我们用伊曲康唑联合特比萘芬治疗1例淋巴管型孢子丝菌病患者,报告如下。     

伊曲康唑联合卡泊芬净或特比萘芬对球形孢子丝菌体外抑菌作用的研究

目的探讨伊曲康唑联合卡泊芬净或特比萘芬时对球形孢子丝菌酵母相和菌丝相的体外抑菌作用。方法参照标准的微量液基稀释法及棋盘微量稀释法对33株球形孢子丝菌行药敏试验,结果使用抑菌浓度指数(FICI)判定"协同""不相关"和"拮抗"。结果伊曲康唑与卡泊芬净联合对球形孢子丝菌酵母相菌株的协同率为93.94%(31/33),与特比萘芬联合的协同率为60.61%(20/33);伊曲康唑与卡泊芬净或特比萘芬联合对菌丝相菌株协同率分别为96.97%(32/33)、84.5%(28/33)。对所有受试菌株均未观察到上述药物的拮抗作用。结论体外联合药敏试验结果显示伊曲康唑与卡泊芬净或特比萘芬联合有较好的协同作用。     

中国临床球形孢子丝菌菌丝相药物敏感性分析

目的检测我国临床球形孢子丝菌菌丝相对5种抗真菌药物的体外敏感性,同时对比我国不同地区菌株药物敏感性的差异。方法将重庆、吉林、北京地区既往基因鉴定为球形孢子丝菌的100株临床菌株接种于2%马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)上,25℃恒温培养7d获得菌丝相。依据美国临床与实验室标准化委员会(CLSI)制定的M38-A2方案,采用微量液基稀释法检测菌丝相对碘化钾、伊曲康唑、特比萘芬、氟康唑、两性霉素B的体外最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。质控菌株为近平滑念菌ATCC22019。结果碘化钾体外无抗真菌活性,特比萘芬MIC几何均值为0.14μg/mL,伊曲康唑和两性霉素B MIC几何均值分别为0.79μg/mL和0.63μg/mL,氟康唑MIC几何均值为45.89μg/mL。发现7株对伊曲康唑耐药菌株,吉林地区相对较多,但不同地区菌株的药物MIC值差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论碘化钾无体外抗真菌活性,我国临床球形孢子丝菌对特比萘芬最敏感,其次为伊曲康唑和两性霉素B,对氟康唑敏感性最差,不同地区菌株对抗真菌药物的敏感性没有明显差异。     

孢子丝菌病43例临床分析

目的 探讨孢子丝菌病的发病原因及特点。方法 就1991～2002年间在本院就诊的深部真菌病病例,利用沙氏真菌学检查方法筛查确诊为孢子丝菌病43例并进行临床观察。结果 1991—1993年患者5例（11．63％）,1994～1996年水灾后2年内患者34例（79．07％）,1997～2002年5年内患者4例（9．30％）。有明显外伤史及疑似蚊、蜂叮螫者占总发病人数72．09％。伴高血压者占20．93％。碘化钾治愈率100％。结论 各种原因造成的环境污染或某些自然灾害致使腐生菌大量生长繁殖是引起本病区域性流行的根本原因。外伤及昆虫叮、螫为重要致病条件。碘化钾为首选治疗药物。     

Esporotricosis: prevalencia,perfil clínico y epidemiológico en un centro de referencia en Colombia

BackgroundSporotrichosis is a subacute and chronic infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, which affects humans and other mammals. Clinical and epidemiological information in Colombia is scarce.ObjectiveTo describe clinical and socio-demographic findings and diagnostic tests in patients with sporotrichosis from 1996 to 2005 in a national reference center in Colombia, and to determine the institutional prevalence from 2002 to 2005.Material and methodsThis was a prevalence study, including patients with clinical diagnosis of sporotrichosis and at least one of the following criteria: positive culture with S. schenckii, pathologic diagnosis suggestive of sporotrichosis, or response to treatment with potassium iodide.ResultsSixty cases were included, 67% were male, and 25% of them were farmers. The most affected anatomical areas were the forearms and hands (32.5% and 22.8% respectively). Most cases came from the Cundinamarca and Boyacá areas. The cases presented as fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis and lymphangitic sporotrichosis. Differential diagnoses with: leishmaniasis and chromoblastomycosis were performed in most of the cases. All patients were treated with potassium iodide. The prevalence for our center from 2002 to 2005 was 8 cases per 100,000 patients.ConclusionsThe characteristics of our patients are similar to those described in other populations, with some differences. The culture continues to be the gold standard for diagnosis purposes. Potassium iodide is the treatment of choice in our center.     

Sporotrichosis Successfully Treated with Terbinafine and Potassium Iodide: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Sporotrichosis is rare in Turkey. We report a 40-year-old woman who had subcutaneous sporotrichosis caused by sporothrix schenckii that was successfully treated with terbinafine (250 mg, twice a day) for a period of 6 months. She received a saturated solution of potassium iodide orally for two months. Terbinafine and potassium iodide are suggested to be the agents of choice for treatment of subcutaneous sporotrichosis.     

冷冻联合碘化钾治疗鼻部固定型皮肤孢子丝菌病1例

该文报道1例固定型皮肤孢子丝菌病.患者女,51岁,农民,因鼻部结节2个月就诊,皮损表现为鼻尖部增生物,其上覆有黑褐色厚痂.根据病史、临床表现、组织病理、真菌镜检及培养诊断为固定型皮肤孢子丝菌病.经过3个月冷冻联合碘化钾口服治疗后,皮损完全消失.     

An endemic area of sporotrichosis in Guatemala]

An endemic area of sporotrichosis is described in the Lake of Ayarza District, South Guatemala, where 53 patients have been observed within 3 years. In 45.3% of the cases, the infection appeared after handling fish. The disease was more frequently observed in man (83%) and in patients less than 30 years of age. The most frequent clinical type was the ascending lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis of the limbs. Some cases of ulcerative or verrucous lesions were seen. Almost all the patients cured rapidly either by potassium iodide (46 patients) or spontaneously, or after application of local heat (4 patients). Intradermal tests were performed in healthy population in the endemic area and, for comparison, in Guatemala City. Whole yeast cell antigens of Sporothrix schenckii and Ceratocystis stenoceras were used in these tests. Skin tests to both antigens were more frequently positive in the endemic area; the highest frequency was obtained with the antigen of C. stenoceras. A serological study was performed in 26 patients. The fluorescent antibody staining technique was more sensitive than yeast cell and latex particles agglutinations. C. stenoceras was isolated from bark of some trees, especially Eucalyptus, in the environment, but not S. schenckii.     

Successful Treatment of Canine Sporotrichosis with Terbinafine: Case Reports and Literature Review

Sporotrichosis occurs worldwide, and the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is a main endemic area, with a large number of human and animal cases in the last 19 years. This mycosis is more frequently described in cats rather than in dogs. There are a limited number of oral antifungal agents for the treatment of sporotrichosis in animals. In this context, the effectiveness of terbinafine in the treatment of sporotrichosis in humans, as well as the promising results of in vitro susceptibility tests, inspired us to use this drug in the therapy of this mycosis in dogs. We reported for the first time the use of terbinafine in the treatment of two dogs with sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis. Moreover, we provided an overview of therapeutic features of canine sporotrichosis cases reported since the 1960s. One of the dogs presented the fixed cutaneous form of the disease, while the other patient presented hyperemia of the nasal mucosa and respiratory signs only. Terbinafine showed high antifungal activity in vitro against the canine Sporothrix isolates. The dogs were successfully treated with terbinafine, with remission of all clinical signs initially presented. The current reports indicate that this drug can emerge as a therapeutic option for canine sporotrichosis.     

Studies on mode of action of potassium iodide upon Sporotrichosis

Conclusion Growth inhibition ofSporotrichum schenckii was observed when potassium iodide or iodine-potassium iodide were added to Sabouraud's medium. The inhibition occurred also after the fungus was brought into contact with the compounds before inoculation. Iodine-potassium iodide was more effective on the inhibition than potassium iodide. The presence of I¹³¹ in association with the organism was demonstrated. The results suggest that the effect of iodine compounds on sporotrichosis is due to a direct fungicidal action of iodine.     

The spread of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis in Brazil towards the Northeast region

BackgroundSporotrichosis is a worldwide subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix spp. In the past, this infection was associated with armadillo hunting, horticulturists, miners, and gardeners, being considered an implantation mycosis acquired by plant debris injury. Nevertheless, since the late nineties, it has been considered a zoonotic disease in Brazil. Here we report a case series of 121 patients with cat-transmitted sporotrichosis seen in Northeast Brazil.Methodology/Principal findingsPatient’s demographic, clinical data, and length of treatment were recorded. In addition, a mycological examination and further PCR confirmation of species identification were performed. One hundred and twenty two patients were diagnosed with subcutaneous sporotrichosis from October 2016 to December 2019, while PCR revealed that 71 of them were due to S. brasiliensis. The majority of the individuals were female (n = 86; 70.5%). Patient’s age ranged from 5 to 87 years old. The clinical forms found were lymphocutaneous (58.2%) and fixed cutaneous (39.4%). Interestingly, 115 patients reported previous contact with cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis. Patients were successfully treated with itraconazole and potassium iodide.Conclusions/SignificanceOur study adds important contributions for the investigation of the spread of cat-transmitted subcutaneous sporotrichosis in Brazil, specifically towards the Northeast region of a continental-size country. It will also help clinicians to be aware of the existence and importance to accurately diagnose sporotrichosis and treat patients with this infectious disease in the lowest income region of Brazil.     

Sporotrichosis following a rodent bite

A ten year old boy developed lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis following a wild rodent bite. The infection was successfully treated with potassium iodide. Sporotrichosis in humans has followed bites, pecks and stings inflicted by a variety of animals, birds and insects. Many species of animals are susceptible to infection by Sporothrix schenkii, but transmission from infected animals to man is uncommon.     

Diagnostic performance of mycologic and serologic methods in a cohort of patients with suspected sporotrichosis

BackgroundThe gold standard for the sporotrichosis diagnosis is culture; however, serologic approaches have been recently implemented to aid in the sporotrichosis diagnosis. Nevertheless, the clinical consequences of the introduction of serologic tests are poorly addressed.AimsTo correlate the results of culture and serology of patients with suspected sporotrichosis.MethodsA retrospective study of 198 patients with suspected sporotrichosis was conducted. Information about culture isolation of Sporothrix from clinical samples and antibody detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were obtained from the medical records of the patients.ResultsPositive culture and antibody detection was observed in the samples of 84 patients (42.4%). Forty-one samples (20.7%) showed negative results with both techniques and divergent results were obtained in the samples of 73 patients (36.9%). False negative results in the ELISA were observed with 23 patients (31.5%), 78.3% of them with less than 30 days of infection (p = 0.0045). Among the initial false positive ELISA in the sera of 50 patients, four samples in culture yielded the growth of Sporothrix, and 27 improved with itraconazole. At the end of follow-up, a diagnosis of proven or probable sporotrichosis was established in 139 patients, and possible sporotrichosis in 11 patients. The treatment of the patients with probable sporotrichosis with antifungal drugs resulted in clinical cure for these individuals.ConclusionsThese two techniques are complementary in the diagnosis of sporotrichosis, making diagnosis and clinical decision more precise.