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1.
The immune response was studied in 238 human patients with Campylobacter jejuni/coli (CJC)-infections in Rotterdam by the counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) test, a commercial complement fixation test (CFT) and the passive haemagglutination test (HA). Antibodies became detectable in the three tests around 4 days after the onset of complaints. Between the 7th and the 20th days after onset of illness 79%, 80% and 53% of the patients demonstrated antibodies by the CIE, the CFT and the HA, respectively. The HA took 30 days to reach 60% positive serum samples and this percentage declined to 35 by the 50th day. Antibody titres demonstrated in the CIE and the CFT declined more slowly. CIE and CFT performed with antigens from a limited number of heat-stable serotypes can be used in the evaluation of the humoral immune response in CJC-infections.  相似文献   

2.
Effective parenteral vaccines are available to control rabies in dogs. While such vaccines are successfully used worldwide, the period between vaccine boosters required to guarantee protection of the population against rabies varies between vaccines and populations. In Flores Island, Indonesia, internationally and locally produced rabies vaccines are used during annual vaccination campaigns of predominantly free-roaming owned domestic dogs. The study objective was to identify the duration of the presence and factors associated with the loss of adequate level of binding antibodies (≥0.5 EU/ml) following rabies vaccination in a domestic dog population on Flores Island. A total of 171 dogs that developed an antibody titre higher or equal to 0.5 EU/ml 30 days after vaccination (D30), were repeatedly sampled at day 90, 180, 270, and 360 after vaccination. On the day of vaccination (D0), an interview was performed with dog owners to collect information on dog characteristics (age, sex, body condition score (BCS)), history of rabies vaccination, kind of daily food, frequency of feeding, and origin of the dog. Serum samples were collected and the level of antibodies was quantitatively assessed using ELISA tests. Dogs were categorized as having an adequate level of binding antibodies (≥0.5 EU/ml) or inadequate level of binding antibodies (<0.5 EU/ml) at each time points examined. A total of 115, 72, 23, and 31 dogs were sampled at D90, D180, D270, and D360, respectively, with the highest proportion of antibodies ≥ 0.5 EU/ml (58%, 95% CI, 49–67%) at D90, which reduced gradually until D360 (35%, 95% CI, 19–52%). Multivariable logistic regression models showed that loss of adequate level of binding antibodies is significantly associated with dogs having no history of vaccination or vaccination applied more than 12 months before D0, being less than 12 months of age, and having a poor BCS. These results highlight the importance of BCS regarding the immune response duration and provide insights into frequency of vaccination campaigns required for the internationally available vaccine used on Flores Island. For dogs without vaccination history or vaccination being applied more than 12 months before D0, a booster is recommended within 3 months (a largest drop of antibodies was detected within the first 90 days) after the first vaccination to guarantee measurable protection of the population that lasts at least for one year.  相似文献   

3.
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is frequently reported among wild boar populations in Europe. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation in Belgium, regarding the steady increase of wild boar populations over the last decades. Several serological tests were used and compared with culture and IS711 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), to determine the most suitable combination of diagnostic tools for conducting a successful prevalence study in wildlife. RESULTS: An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was used on 1168 sera from hunter-killed wild boar sampled between 2003 and 2007 in 4 natural regions of southern Belgium. Results gave an apparent prevalence of 54.88% (95% CI 52.03-57.73). Prevalence was significantly affected by age and by the year of study, but not by sex nor by the region of sampling. The relative sensitivities of the complement fixation test (CFT), the Rose Bengal test (RBT), and the slow agglutination test (SAT) versus the iELISA differed widely between tests, reaching 62.67%, 46.68%, and 34.77%, respectively. The relative specificities of the CFT, RBT and SAT versus the iELISA were respectively 99.01%, 92.49%, and 99.1%. From seropositive animals (iELISA), 9% were positive by culture and 24% by PCR when testing spleen and/or tonsils. Sensitivity of the PCR was higher on tonsils than on spleen. All bacterial isolates were identified as Brucella suis biovar 2. CONCLUSIONS: Brucellosis is widespread among wild boar in southern Belgium, with seroprevalences having increased over ten years, and constitutes a growing risk of spillback to outdoor-farmed pig herds. The iELISA showed a better sensitivity than the CFT, RBT and SAT. Serological tests must be associated with direct diagnosis and PCR proved more sensitive than culture under wildlife sampling conditions. Spleen and tonsils are lymphoid tissues usually sampled in multi-disease monitoring programs. They remain top-grade organs for direct diagnosis of brucellosis, with a preference for tonsils.  相似文献   

4.
Leptospira spp. serovars Hardjo and Wollfi from Sejroe serogroup have been detected in livestock in Brazil, where the main control procedures rely on vaccination. The potency of two commercial vaccines available in this country was monitored by microagglutination test-MAT and in vitro growth inhibition test-GIT in serum samples from 33 female buffaloes divided into: G1-unvaccinated control; G2-vaccinated with Leptobac-6® containing serovars Hardjo and Wolffi and G3-vaccinated with Triangle-9® containing serovar Hardjo. G2 and G3 animals were vaccinated on day zero, and received a booster and two revaccinations on days 30, 210 and 390 and G1 animals received phosphate buffered saline. Serum samples were collected at 15-day intervals between days 0 and 60; and at 30-day intervals between days 60 and 540 and were tested by MAT and GIT with serovars Hardjo and Wolffi. G1 remained negative throughout the experiment. Both vaccines were able to induce agglutinating and growth inhibition antibodies. Six months after the last revaccination, all animals tested negative by MAT, but still were positive by GIT until the end of experimental period. GIT could be a good tool to evaluate the potency and to monitor antibodies responses of vaccines of Sejroe group serovars.  相似文献   

5.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ultrasound treatment and physical exercise on the velocity of bone consolidation and resistance to deformation. We performed osteotomy in the upper third of the right tibia of rats. Physical training consisted of swimming 1 h per day with a load of 5% b.w. for 30 days. Therapy with medium-intensity ultrasound was applied daily on the damaged area. Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: osteotomized sedentary animals with no ultrasound treatment (1.OSnUS), osteotomized trained animals with no ultrasound treatment (2.OTnUS), osteotomized sedentary animals with ultrasound treatment (3.OSwUS), and osteotomized trained animals with ultrasound treatment (4.OTwUS). The animals were sacrificed for the following analyses: muscle glycogen, serum alkaline phosphatase at the 5th, 10th, 20th, and 30th days, test of maximum resistance to flexion, rupture flexion and mean tibial rigidity at the 30th day. Muscle glycogen was increased at the 20th day; alkaline phosphatase was elevated at the 5th and 20th days in groups 3.OSwUS and 4.OTwUS, and decreased at the 10th day. Groups 1.OSnUS and 2.OTnUS did not show significant variations. In the mechanical resistance tests, we noted that ultrasound therapy and the association of physical activity used in the present study showed significant differences in bone resistance and bone rigidity after 30 days of treatment. These facts suggest that ultrasound or physical activity, or their combination may accelerate the process of bone tissue repair.  相似文献   

6.
Ontogenetic development of specific [3H]spiperone binding to crude synaptic membranes and its regulation by Na+ and GTP was investigated in the rat striatum. (d)-Butaclamol more effectively inhibited [3H]spiperone binding than (l)-butaclamol. The ratio of inhibitory activity of (d)- and (l)-butaclamol for [3H]spiperone binding was not different between 1-, 7-, and 70-day-old animals but eight- to ninefold lower at 18 days of gestation than during the postnatal period. A Scatchard plot of specific binding indicated the presence of two types of binding: low-affinity (KD = 1.51 nM) and high-affinity (KD = 0.09 nM) binding on day 70. Only one component (KD = 0.075 nM) was observed on days 1 and 7 and both types of binding were found on day 15. Bmax gradually increased with age and reached a peak on day 30, followed by a decline on days 70 and 360. Na+, 100 mM, significantly increased specific binding on days 1, 7, 15, and 70. GTP, 50 microM, completely reversed the Na+-induced decrease in IC50 of apomorphine on both days 15 and 70, but not on day 7. It is suggested that receptors could recognize ligand stereospecificity on day 1. The density in dopamine receptors in the striatum reaches a peak on day 30, followed by a decrease on days 70 and 360. In addition, regulation by Na+ and GTP in agonist binding to dopamine receptors seems to become functional between 1 and 2 weeks after birth.  相似文献   

7.
用临床细胞免疫学检测方法,对损毁大脑前额叶背外侧部皮层手术前、手术后7天和手术后30天的猕猴外周血液淋巴细胞的4种免疫花环(Et、Ea、ZYC和ME花环)进行了跟踪监测,并与假手术组进行对照。结果表明:损毁大脑前额叶皮层后,其外周血活化T淋巴细胞花环率(Ea)和B淋巴细胞的小鼠红细胞花环率(ME)均在手术后7天显著下降;直到手术后30天仍显著低于手术前。而总T淋巴细胞花环率(Et)和酵母多糖补体复合物花环率(ZYC)则在手术后7天显著下降,在手术后30天又回复。这些结果提示:大脑前额叶皮层对机体免疫机能具有一定的调节联系作用,损毁大脑前额叶皮层后,可引起机体淋巴细胞免疫功能下降,其作用机理尚待进一步研究  相似文献   

8.
Behavior of young (3-4 month old) and ageing (12-15 month old) rats was studied during chronic intranasal application of low doses (10 ME or 350 ME) of human interferon-alpha (HIA). In ageing rats HIA did not affect dynamics (days 0th, 8th and 16th) of (a) locomotive and (b) investigative activity in the "open field" test and in two-side defensive conditioning, and (c) decreased anxiety ("open field", "light-darkness" test). In young rats HIA (a) increased locomotive activity by 16th day (it decreased in control), (b) investigative activity did not change (in control it decreased by 8th day; "open field" test), (c) anxiety decreased in the "open field" and increased in "light-darkness" tests, (d) development of conditioned reflex improved (during 2nd learning session in 5 days after the first one). Thus, small doses of HIA differently affected behavior of rats depending on the age and experimental situation. However, both HIA doses changed rats' behavior in the same direction. We suggest that chronic low doses of HIA can regulate different aspects of behavior, but not suppress activity as it is commonly thought. This regulation can be performed via modulation of neuro-immuno-endocrine complex.  相似文献   

9.
By means of morphological, morphometric and radioautographic methods, regeneration of mechanically traumatized parathyroid glands has been studied in 22 euthyroid and 22 hyperthyroid rats on the 1st-20th days after the operation. The thyroid gland is stimulated by daily injection of thyrotropin (1 ME/100 g of body mass). Twelve non-operated animals (6 hyperthyroid and 6 euthyroid rats) serve as control. In the regenerating parathyroid glands of the hyperthyroid animals in comparison with the euthyroid ones, certain increase of proliferative activity is noted in parathyrocytes and in cells of the granular tissue on the 2d-6th days, a more pronounced hypertrophy of epitheliocytes on the 2d-20th days, hyperplasia of their nucleolar apparatus on the 2d-5th days. The experimental hyperthyroidism stimulates manifestation of restorative processes in the regenerating parathyroid glands during development of active inflammatory reaction in them; however, it does not influence the parameters of the organ's structure studied in the nonoperated animals.  相似文献   

10.
树鼩实验感染基孔肯雅病毒的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
选用3株基孔肯雅病毒人工感染成年树鼩,进行了病毒血症、抗体动态变化、内脏组织病理改变和病毒在宿主体内定位的研究。结果表明,感染树鼩能产生2~6天的病毒血症。血凝抑制(Hi)抗体第6天产生,第30~50天达高峰:中和(NT)抗体在第10天产生,第30~40天达高峰,二者相关性非常显著(P<0.01)。补体结合(CF)抗体第14天产生,第40~50天为高峰,以后逐渐下降。第8~12天能在其脑、肺、肝、脾和肾等组织查到病毒,经病理检查这些内脏组织呈炎性改变和出血倾向,表明该病毒能侵袭树鼩各主要脏器。试验认为树鼩对基孔肯雅病毒敏感。  相似文献   

11.
Reports describing production of reactive oxygen species in neonatal heart are missing. As lysyl oxidase is potentially important source of H2O2, we studied its role during ontogenic development of rat heart. H2O2 was detected in thin sections of developing rat heart by fluorescence microscopy with the use of fluorescence probe 2??-7??-dichlorofluorescin. The experimental design comprised foetuses 21 days after conception, and then the animals sampled on the 1st, 4th, 7th, 10th, 15th, 30th and 60th day after birth. We also used 7-month-old animals as an example of ageing effects. Since the day 4 on, H2O2 was produced only extracellularly up to the day 15, between days 30 and 60 intracellular production was detected as well, and in 7-month-old animals only extracellular production was observed. The specific inhibitors of lysyl oxidase almost completely quenched the H2O2-dependent fluorescence. Starting from day 7, blue autofluorescence specific to oxidized proteins developed in the vessel wall. Intracellular blue autofluorescence specific to autoxidation products developed after day 30. Chloroform extraction diminished the intracellular blue fluorescence, leaving the extracellular fluorescence intact. This confirmed the protein nature of the fluorophores. Lysyl oxidase is significant source of H2O2 in the heart vessel wall during development and H2O2 oxidatively modifies elastin producing protein blue autofluorescence.  相似文献   

12.
Groups of sexually inexperienced adult Clun Forest sheep (four animals per group) which had been castrated on the day after birth received one of the following treatments: testosterone propionate (TP, 20 mg/day); estradiol dipropionate (ODP, 2 mg/day); 19-hydroxy-17, 19-dipropionate (19HTP, 20 mg/day); dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP, 20 mg/day); or arachis oil vehicle (OIL). Treatments were in the form of sc injections given 5 days/week over a 6-week period during which time individual animals were observed in 18 tests for sexual behavior. The stimulus females used were ovariectomized ewes maintained in a state of continuous receptivity by daily injections of 15 mg of TP. Various measures of sexual and aggressive behavior were recorded during each test. Mounting was induced mainly in animals in the TP group and to a lesser extent in those receiving ODP. The extent to which precopulatory courtship was induced followed the order TP > ODP > 19HTP. Animals treated with DHTP or OIL showed negligible sexual activity.  相似文献   

13.
Radioprotective property of Moringa oleifera leaves was investigated in healthy adult Swiss albino mice. Animals were injected (ip) with 150 mg/kg body weight of 50% methanolic extract (ME) of M. oleifera leaves, as a single dose, or in 5 daily fractions of 30 mg/kg each, and exposed to whole body gamma irradiation (RT, 4 Gy) 1 hr later. Five animals from each group were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 7 days after treatment. Bone marrow protection was studied by scoring aberrations in metaphase chromosomes and micronucleus induction in polychromatic erythrocytes and normochromatic erythrocytes. Pretreatment with a single dose of 150 mg/kg ME significantly reduced the percent aberrant cells to 2/3rd that of RT alone group on day 1 and brought the values to normal range by day 7 post-irradiation. A similar effect was also seen for the micronucleated cells. Fractionated administration of ME (30 mg/kg x 5) gave a higher protection than that given by the same dose administered as a single treatment. ME also inhibited the Fenton reaction-generated free radical activity in vitro in a concentration dependent manner. These results demonstrate that pretreatment with the methanolic leaf extract of M. oleifera confers significant radiation protection to the bone marrow chromosomes in mice and this may lead to the higher 30 day survival after lethal whole body irradiation.  相似文献   

14.
Ontogeny of serum and anterior pituitary gland PRL contents was investigated. Pituitary PRL concentrations were found to be low in fetus by 19th day of gestation and to rise slowly after birth with no sex differences being apparent until day 30. Adult levels were reached in males on day 15, while in females they were reached beyond this stage. Serum PRL levels exhibited a similar developmental pattern. In adult rats ether stress stimulated basal serum PRL significantly, with maximum effect one minute after onset of stress. The same pattern was seen with immature animals of 15-20 and 30 days of age. In contrast, in 2 or 6 day-old neonates, serum PRL concentrations remained unaffected by stress. This lack of responsiveness suggests the existence of a transient impairment of lactotrophs to respond to stressful stimuli during postnatal life. Adrenalectomy increased PRL release in adult and newborn rats from day 15 onward and potentiated the response of lactotrophs. Moreover, after adrenalectomy, 6 day-old rats became sensitive to ether stress, while acute treatment with dexamethasone abolished completely this response. In adult or 15 day-old neonates administration of TRH or sulpiride resulted in a marked increase in serum PRL levels. However, at 6 days TRH did not affect resting serum PRL concentrations significantly, whereas sulpiride remained efficient. Moreover, at this age, dopamine inhibited stress-induced PRL release and reduced the stimulatory effect of sulpiride.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

15.
Immunity to yellow fever (YF) is conferred by the interplay of humoral and cellular immune response. Despite the extensive literature on the humoral immune response to the YF vaccine virus, little is known about its cellular immune response to vaccination. The analysis of cytokine production by ex-vivo antigen-stimulated T cells has been considered as a valuable tool for understanding cellular immune response. Thus, we have analyzed two T(H)1/T(H)2 signature cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-4) from 12 healthy first-time adults vaccinated with YF17DD virus. The cells, harvested on day 0 (before vaccination) and 7, 15 and 30 days after immunization were antigen-stimulated and analyzed by ELISpot. A significant increase in the number of spot-forming cells during the response to YF 17DD live virus stimulation by ELISpot assay was observed. IFN-gamma-and IL-4-producing cells were significantly increased on the 15th day after vaccination in all volunteers. These results presented herein are important for understanding the role of cytokines in the immune response to YF 17DD virus.  相似文献   

16.
The effect of naloxone on the L-leucinaminopeptidase (LAP) activity has been determined in the hypothalamus of normal female rats or after different periods of time from ovariectomy (15th or 30th day). Castration at 15th and 30th days produced a not very important fall of LAP activity. The naloxone injections (2.5 or 5 mg/kg vía i.p.) determined a significant decrease in LAP activity in the intact and ovariectomized rats, greater for 5 mg/kg. A significant LAP activity decrease was found only after a 30 day postcastration period when naloxone treated intact animals were compared with the castrated rats. These data are discussed in relation to the physiological significance of brain peptidases and the pharmacological effect of naloxone on the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.  相似文献   

17.
The present paper describes a murine model for pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis injecting 6×105 yeast forms ofParacoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) by the direct intratracheal route. The sequential histopathology of lung and dissemination lesions together with humoral (immunodiffusion test) and cellular immune response (footpad test and macrophage inhibition factor assay — MIF assay) were investigated since the 1st to the 360th day after infection. All infected animal showed pulmonary Pbmycosis up to Day 30; onwards the lesions subsided being found only in one mouse at Day 360. Dissemination lesions were observed in paratracheal and cervical lymph nodes in 9 out of 68 infected animals. Histologically early lesions were rich in polymorphonuclear cells and evolved to a macrophage desquamative pneumonitis at Day 15 and to typical epithelioid granulomata from Day 30 up to Day 360. Specific precipitating antibodies were first detected 15 days after infection, peaked from Day 30 to 60 and were not observed at Day 360. Significant cell-mediated immunity to Pb was noted at Day 15 with the peak reaction at Day 60 and 90.The intratracheal route represents a highly effective way of infecting mouse with Pb. This experimental pulmonary Pbmycosis is a granulomatous inflammation which courses with specific humoral and cellular immune response. It may be a good tool for further investigation in the pathogenesis and natural history of the disease.  相似文献   

18.
The frequency of associations of acrocentric chromosomes (AAC) diminished on the 7th day after vaccination in children primary vaccinated, primary revaccinated and secondary revaccinated against smallpox. This decrease reached its maximum by the 30th day and returned to its starting point after 6th months after vaccination. The degree of reduction of the frequency of AAC in every immunized children group correlated with the degree of increasing of antihemagglutinin titre. The relation of the number of group D chromosomes involved in AAC to the number of group G chromosomes varied in various individuals, these variations remaining after immunization. It was supposed that in PHA-stimulated lymphocyte cultures the degree of reduction of AAC frequency after vaccination against smallpox is a cytochemical marker of proliferation intensity of T-lymphocytes induced for immunopoiesis.  相似文献   

19.
捕捉法ELISA检测登革热病人血清IgM抗体用于快速诊断   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张大  赵蜀崖 《病毒学报》1992,8(4):349-353
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20.
The influence of local light exposure by a hollow cathode lamp with a typical manganese and copper (HCL-Mn, Cu) line emission spectrum on the posttraumatic regeneration of rat skin has been investigated. We performed a comparative analysis of the morphology and differentiation potential of rat skin on the 15th and 24th days after a full-thickness skin wound was made to the dorsum. The injured area was irradiated for 30 s every day for 2 weeks. Fifteen days after the loss of the scab, reepithelialization and the recovery of hair growth were monitored (visual observations), unlike in the control rats, which still had their scabs at 24 days. Histological analysis revealed that, as differs from the nonirradiated control group, upon exposure to HCL-Mn, Cu resulted in an increased number of hair follicles and sebaceous glands, as well as a decreased number of blood vessels and a horizontal orientation of collagen fibers. Immunohistochemical assay with antibodies to dendritic cell marker OX-62 revealed the highest cell number of dermal dendritic cells 15 days after exposure; at 24 days, their number was decreased. In the control group, the number of dermal dendritic cells was significantly lower. Immunohistochemical assay with pan-keratin antibodies 15 days after the surgery revealed a high number of cells that express different types of keratins distributed in most parts of the epidermis in control animals, whereas, in the experimental group, this number was significantly lower and concentrated closer to the external part of the epidermis. The number of keratin 19-positive cells in experimental animals was higher 15, rather than 24, days after the surgery as compared to control rats. Thus, manganese and copper spectrum emissions stimulate innate immunity; accelerate the recovery of the derma, skin epithelium, and other skin derivates; and facilitates wound healing.  相似文献   

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