CD19 maps to a region of conservation between human chromosome 16 and mouse chromosome 7

CD19 is a B lymphocyte cell surface protein expressed from the earliest stages of B lymphocyte development unitl their terminal differentiation into plasma cells. In this report the human CD19 gene (hCD19) was localized to band p11.2 on the proximal short arm of chromosome 16 by in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes, using hCD19 cDNA as probe. hCD19 gene localization was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction based analysis with hCD19-specific primers, using a panel of human/hamster somatic cell hybrid DNA as templates. The mouse CD19 gene (MCd19) was mapped to bands F3-F4 of chromosome 7 by in situ hybridization to metaphase chromosomes, using a mCD19 cDNA probe. Segregation analysis of nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in inter-specific backcross progeny revealed linkage of mCd19 with hemoglobin (Hbb), Int-2, and H19, other loci previously mapped to the same region of mouse chromosome 7, confirming the localization of mCd19 to this region. The order of these loci was determined to be centromere — Hbb — mCd19 — H19 — Int-2 —telomere. The genetic distance between the loci examined, calculated from the recombination frequencies, suggested that mCd19 was located centrally between Hbb and H19. This region of mouse chromosome 7 is homologous to the region of human chromosome 16 to which the hCD19 gene maps. Multiple genes with a lymphocyte-related function also map to this conserved region including genes encoding the IL-4 receptor, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD43 (leukosialin), and protein kinase C polypeptide.     

Chromosomal location of isozyme and seed storage protein genes in Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy

Summary The zymogram phenotypes of glucose-phosphate isomerase (GPI), alcohol dehydrogenase-1 (ADH-1), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipoxygenase (LPX), esterase (EST) and the banding patterns of gliadin and glutenin seed storage proteins were determined for Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS), Dasypyrum villosum, the octoploid amphiploid T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring D. villosum (CS × v) (2n=8x=56; AABBDDVV), and for five CS-D. villosum disomic addition lines. The genes Gpi-V1, Adh-V1, Got-V2, and Sod-V2 coding for GPI-1, ADH-1, GOT-2, and SOD-2 isozymes were located in D. villosum on chromosome 1V, 4V, 6V, and 7V, respectively. Genes coding for gliadin- and glutenin-like subunits are located in D. villosum chromosomes 1V. There are no direct evidence for chromosomal location of genes coding for GOT-3, EST-1 and LPX-2 isozymes. The linkage between genes coding for glutenin-like proteins and GPI-1 isozymes in chromosome 1V is evidence of homoeology between chromosome 1V and the chromosomes of homoeologous group 1 in wheat.Research supported by the National Research Council (Italy) and National Science Foundation (USA). International cooperative project, Grant No. 85.01504.06 (CNR)     

Search for alpha4 and alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor markers in a pedigree of benign familial infantile convulsions (BFIC)

In this study we investigate the possible involvement of the recently reported locus for benign familial infantile convulsions (BFIC) in human chromosome 19 and that of the neuronal acetylcholine receptor 4 (CHRNA4) and 7 (CHRNA7) subunits in a family with at least twelve clinically diagnosed cases of BFIC. Six polymorphic microsatellite markers covering the BFIC locus on chromosomal region 19q, one marker for CHRNA4 (chromosome 20) and two for CHRNA7 (chromosome 15) were used for the screening. The two-point lod score analysis showed no evidence of BFIC phenotype on chromosome 19. Similarly, when markers for chromosome 20 (CHRNA4 intron1, Amplimer: CHRNA4. PCR.1) and chromosome 15 (D15S165 and D15S1010) were used, score analysis showed no indication of linkage. The most likely interpretation of these results is that BFIC is a genetically heterogeneous form of epilepsy.     

Evidence for a genetic duplication involving alcohol dehydrogenase genes inCeratitis capitata

AnAdh duplication is described in the medflyCeratitis capitata. Evidence is presented for two separateAdh ₁ andAdh ₂ structural loci mapping at a distance of 0.49 recombination unit from each other. By deletion mapping theAdh region has been cytologically located near the free end of the left arm of the second chromosome within an area between 2C;3A segments of the polytene chromosome. The genetic analysis of the region aroundAdh has identified seven neighboring genes (Acon ₁,Mpi, Est ₆,Aox, Xdh, Mdh ₂,Lsp _I) which identify the linkage group D. The orientation of loci with regard to the centromere sets the origin of the map of the left arm of the second chromosome close to the twoAdh loci.Research supported by National Research Council of Italy, Special Project RAISA, Subproject N.2, Paper N.200. Grants from I.A.E.A. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria) and from European Communities Commission, Second R&D Programme Science and Technology for Development also contributed to this work.     

Mapping of the Hor-3 locus encoding D hordein in Barley

Summary The hordein storage proteins of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are of intense interest due to their genetic diversity and prominence and impact on the industrial and agricultural uses of the seed. Two major hordein loci have been previously mapped on chromosome 5 (Hor-1 and Hor-2 encoding the C and B hordeins, respectively). A third major locus, Hor-3, which codes for D hordein, has been located in the centromeric region of chromosome 5, probably on the long arm. Two allelic variants with apparent molecular weights of 83,000 and 91,000 and similar isoelectric points of 8.0 comprise the products of this locus in the barley varieties Advance and Triple Awned Lemma. The D hordein examined is similar in molecular weight and isoelectric point to the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin proteins encoded by the 1B chromosome of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)Scientific Paper No. 6229. College of Agriculture Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, Project Number 1006. This investigation supported in part by funds provided to Washington State University through the NIH Biomedical Research Support Grant     

A novel human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase like 1 gene (HSDL1) is highly expressed in reproductive tissuesa

We report the cloning and characterization of a novel human hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase like gene (HSDL1) located on human chromosome 16q24.2. The HSDL1 cDNA is 3407 base pair in length, encoding a 309 amino acid polypeptide related to human 17-HSD3. Northern blot reveals that the HSDL1 is highly expressed in testis and ovary. In situ hybridization indicates that the expression of HSDL1 is predominantly increased in the prostate cancer tissue compared with the normal prostate tissue, which suggests that the gene expression is important to the arising of prostate cancer.     

Human β-glucuronidase: Assignment of the structural gene to chromosome 7 using somatic cell hybrids

-Glucuronidase (GUS) has become an important enzyme model for the genetic study of molecular disease, enzyme realization, and therapy, and for the biogenesis and function of the lysosome and lysosomal enzymes. The genetics of human -glucuronidase was investigated utilizing 188 primary man-mouse and man-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids segregating human chromosomes. Cell hybrids were derived from 16 different fusion experiments involving cells from ten different and unrelated individuals and six different rodent cell lines. The genetic relationship of GUS to 28 enzyme markers representing 19 linkage groups was determined, and chromosome studies on selected cell hybrids were performed. The evidence indicates that the -glucuronidase gene is assigned to chromosome 7 in man. Comparative linkage data in man and mouse indicate that the structural gene GUS is located in a region on chromosome 7 that has remained conserved during evolution. Involvement of other chromosomes whose genes may be important in the final expression of GUS was not observed. A tetrameric structure of human -glucuronidase was demonstrated by the formation of three heteropolymers migrating between the human and mouse molecular forms in chromosome 7 positive cell hybrids. Linkage of GUS to other lysosomal enzyme genes was investigated. -Hexosaminidase HEX _B) was assigned to chromosome 5; acid phosphatase₂ (ACP ₂) and esterase A₄ (ES-A ₄) were assigned to chromosome 11; HEX _A was not linked to GUS; and -galactosidase (-GAL) was localized on the X chromosome. These assignments are consistent with previous reports. Evidence was not obtained for a cluster of lysosomal enzyme structural genes. In demonstrating that GUS was not assigned to chromosome 9 utilizing an X/9 translocation segregating in cell hybrids, the gene coding for human adenylate kinase₁ was confirmed to be located on chromosome 9.Supported by NIH Grants HD 05196, GM 20454, and GM 06321, by NSF Grant BMS 73-07072, and by HEW Maternal and Child Health Service, Project 417.     

Mapping the nucleolus organizer region,seed protein loci and isozyme loci on chromosome 1R in rye

Summary The nucleolus organizer region located on the short arm of chromosome 1R of rye consists of a large cluster of genes that code for ribosomal RNA (designated the Nor-R1 locus). The genes in the cluster are separated by spacer regions which can vary in length in different rye lines. Differences in the spacer regions were scored in two families of F₂ progeny. Segregation also occurred, in one or both of the families, at two seed protein loci and at two isozyme loci also located on chromosome 1R. The seed protein loci were identified as the Sec 1 locus controlling -secalins located on the short arm of chromosome 1R and the Sec 3 locus controlling high-molecular-weight secalins located on the long arm of 1R. The two isozyme loci were the Gpi-R1 locus controlling glucose-phosphate isomerase isozymes and the Pgd 2 locus controlling phosphogluconate dehydrogenase isozymes. The data indicated linkage between all five loci and map distances were calculated. The results indicate a gene order: Pgd 2 ... Sec 3 ... [centromere] ... Nor-R1 ... Gpi-R1 ... Sec 1. Evidence was obtained that rye possesses a minor 5S RNA locus (chromosome location unknown) in addition to the major 5S RNA locus previously shown to be located on the short arm of chromosome 1R.     

Isozyme evidence and the origin ofSenecio vulgaris (Compositae)

An electrophoretic survey of isozyme variation was conducted to test the hypothesis thatSenecio vulgaris L. (2n = 40) is of autotetraploid origin fromS. vernalis Waldst. & Kit. (2n = 20). It was established thatS. vulgaris exhibited fixed heterozygosity at three loci examined, showed disomic inheritance at all polymorphic loci, and contained a gene (Est-1) and an allele (Aat-3b) which were not present in the single population ofS. vernalis surveyed. From this it is concluded thatS. vulgaris is not of autotetraploid origin. Instead, the genetic evidence is in keeping with an allopolyploid origin ofS. vulgaris with the possibility thatS. vernalis acted as one of its two parents.     

Assignment of three rat integrin genes to Chromosome 19 (ITGB1), Chromosome 3 (ITGA4), and Chromosome 7 (ITGA5)

By means of somatic cell, hybrids segregating rat chromosomes, we determined the chromosome localization of three rat 1 family integrin genes. ITGB1 was assigned to Chromosome (Chr) 19, ITGA4 to Chr 3, and ITGA5 to Chr 7. These chromosome assignments reveal or confirm homology between two pairs of rat and human chromosomes (rat Chr 3-human Chr 2; rat Chr 7-human Chr 12).     

Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa: a new multi-allelic marker (D3S621) genetically linked to the disease locus (RP4)

Summary We report the characterization of a new eightallele microsatellite (D3S621) isolated from a human chromosome 3 library. Two-point and multi-locus genetic linkage analysis have shown D3S621 to co-segregate with the previously mapped RP4 ( _m=0.12, Z _m=4.34) and with other genetic markers on the long arm of the chromosome, including D3S14 (R208) ( _m=0.00, Z _m= 15.10), D3S47 (C17) ( _m=0.11, Z _m=4.95), Rho ( _m= 0.07, Z _m=1.37), D3S21 (L182) ( _m=0.07, Z _m=2.40) and D3S19 (U1) ( _m=0.13, Z _m=2.78). This highly informative marker, with a polymorphic information content of 0.78, should be of considerable value in the extension of linkage data for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa with respect to locii on the long arm of chromosome 3.     

Genetics of CM-proteins (A-hordeins) in barley

Summary The CM-proteins, which are the main components of the A-hordeins, include four previously described proteins (CMa-1, CMb-1, CMc-1, CMd-1), plus a new one, CMe-1, which has been tentatively included in this group on the basis of its solubility properties and electrophoretic mobility. The variability of the five proteins has been investigated among 38 Hordeum vulgare cultivars and 17 H. spontaneum accessions. Proteins CMa-1, CMc-1 and CMd-1 were invariant within the cultivated species; CMd was also invariant in the wild one. The inheritance of variants CMb-1/CMb-2 and CMe-1/CMe-2,2 was studied in a cross H. spontaneum x H. vulgare. The first two proteins were inherited as codominantly expressed allelic variations of a single mendelian gene. Components CMe-2,2 were jointly inherited and codominantly expressed with respect to CMe-1. Gene CMb and gene(s) CMe were found to be unlinked. The chromosomal locations of genes encoding CM-proteins were investigated using wheat-barley addition lines. Genes CMa and CMc were associated with chromosome 1, and genes CMb and CMd with chromosome 4. These gene locations further support the proposed homoeology of chromosomes 1 and 4 of barley with chromosomes groups 7 and 4 of wheat, respectively. Gene(s) CMe has been assigned to chromosome 3 of barley. The accumulation of protein CMe-1 is totally blocked in the high lysine mutant Riso 1508 and partially so in the high lysine barley Hiproly.     

Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) dionisii breve n. subsp. from Chiroptera

Summary Study of deoxyribonucleic acid buoyant densities, enzymic electrophoretic mobilities and morphology in vitro of two stocks of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) species from Myotis blythii oxygnathus (Chiroptera) in southern France led to the identification of T. (S.) dionisii breve n. subsp. It was differentiated from the nominate subspecies by the relative shortness of the long trypomastigotes developing in vitro (mean length 16.6±0.21 m, compared with 19–21 m), the presence of a smaller proportion of the deoxyribonucleic acid as satellite C, and different isoenzyme electrophoretic mobilities.This work was supported by the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust.This work was supported by the Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust.     

High-Resolution Genetic Map of the Human Glutamyl Aminopeptidase Gene (ENPEP)

The murine B-lymphocyte differentiation antigen BP-1/6C3 has been identified as glutamyl aminopeptidase (EAP), the gene symbol for which isENPEP.Using genomic DNA encoding for human EAP as a probe, we identified theENPEPgene location on human chromosome 4q25 by polymerase chain reaction analysis of a human/rodent somatic cell hybrid mapping panel and by fluorescencein situhybridization. Using a radiation hybrid panel, the gene order aroundENPEPwas determined to be centromere–D4S1236–(570 kb)–ENPEP–(210 kb)–D4S262–(270 kb)–D4S953–(270 kb)–D4S474–(570 kb)–IF. The linkage ofENPEPto complement factor I (IF) confirms the human chromosome band 4q25 localization predicted from the chromosomal location of murineENPEP.HumanENPEPthus provides an additional marker for the long arm of chromosome 4 that should facilitate studies of this genomic region.     

Somatic cell mapping of T-cell receptor CD3 complex and CD8 genes in cattle

Bovine genes encoding T-cell receptor, CD3, and CD8 molecules have been mapped to syntetic groups using bovine × rodent hybrid somatic cells. T-cell receptor and chains were assigned to bovine syntenic group U5, and the and genes were syntenic with each other and with markers on U13. CD3E and CD3D genes were syntenic with each other and located to bovine syntenic group U19. CD8 was most concordant with markers of syntenic group U16, although the concordancy was only 85% and the assignment must be regarded as tentative. The comparative gene maps of human chromosome 7, bovine syntenic group U13, and mouse chromosomes 6 and 13 suggest extensive evolutionary conservation.     

Molecular gene mapping of human aldolase A (ALDOA) gene to chromosome 16

Summary Mapping of human aldolase A (ALDOA) gene was performed by molecular hybridization techniques using a panel of human-mouse cell hybrids and sorted fractions of human metaphase chromosomes besides in situ hybridization. For the purpose, three kinds of DNA probes derived from the coding region (probe-1), the 3 noncoding region (probe-2), and the coding and 3 noncoding regions (probe-3) of human aldolase A cDNA clone, pHAAL116-3, were selectively employed. The results of RNA and DNA blot analyses indicated that the human ALDOA gene is located on chromosome 16. The in situ hybridization experiment also indicated that the ALDOA gene was localized to 16q22–q24.     

Standard karyotype of Triticum umbellulatum and the characterization of derived chromosome addition and translocation lines in common wheat

A standard karyotype and a generalized idiogram of Triticum umbellulatum (syn. Aegilops umbellulata, 2n = 2x = 14) was established based on C-banding analysis of ten accessions of different geographic origin and individual T. umbellulatum chromosomes in T. aestivum — T. umbellulatum chromosome addition lines. Monosomic (MA) and disomic (DA) T. aestivum — T. umbellulatum chromosome addition lines (DA1U = B, DA2U = D, MA4U = F, DA5U = C, DA6U = A, DA7U = E = G) and telosomic addition lines (DA1US, DA1UL, DA2US, DA2UL, DA4UL, MA5US, (+ iso 5US), DA5UL, DA7US, DA7UL) were analyzed. Line H was established as a disomic addition line for the translocated wheat — T. umbellulatum chromosome T2DS·4US. Radiation-induced wheat — T. umbellulatum translocation lines resistant to leaf rust (Lr9) were identified as T40 = T6BL·6BS-6UL, T41 = T4BL·4BS-6UL, T44 = T2DS·2DL-6UL, T47 = Transfer = T6BS·6BL-6UL and T52 = T7BL·7BS-6UL. Breakpoints and sizes of the transferred T. umbellulatum segments in these translocations were determined by in situ hybridization analysis using total genomic T. umbellulatum DNA as a probeContribution no. 94-349-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA     

Localization of the inosine triphosphatase locus (Itp) on chromosome 2 of the mouse

An electrophoretic variant of the enzyme inosine triphosphatase was found by screening inbred strains of mice. Strains with the slower-migrating variant include BALB/cJ, DBA/1J, and PL/J. The Itp locus was mapped between the -2-microglobulin (B2m) and the agouti (a) loci on chromosome 2. The mapping of Itp on chromosome 2 identifies a chromosomal segment that has been conserved since the divergence of lineages leading to mouse and man.This work was supported by Grants GM18684 and CA33093 from the National Institutes of Health. The Jackson Laboratory is fully accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care.     

RFLP and RAPD mapping of the rice gm2 gene that confers resistance to biotype 1 of gall midge (Orseolia oryzae)

Gm2 is dominant gene conferring resistance to biotype 1 of gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason), the major dipteran pest of rice. The gene was mapped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a set of 40 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the resistant variety Phalguna and the susceptible landrace ARC 6650. The gene is located on chromosome 4 at a position 1.3 cM from marker RG329 and 3.4 cM from RG476. Since the low (28%) polymorphism of this indica x indica cross hindered full coverage of the genome with RFLP markers, the mapping was checked by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)/bulked segregant analysis. Through the use of 160 RAPD primers, the number of polymorphic markers was increased from 43 to 231. Two RAPD primers amplified loci that co-segregated with resistance/susceptibility. RFLP mapping of these loci showed that they are located 0.7 cM and 2.0 cM from RG476, confirming the location of Gm2 in this region of chromosome 4. Use of these DNA markers will accelerate breeding for gall midge resistance by permitting selection of the Gm2 gene independently of the availability of the insect.