红果龙葵茎和叶的抑菌作用研究

目的:研究红果龙葵茎、叶的水和乙醇提取液对常见微生物的抑菌作用。方法:制备红果龙葵茎和叶的水和乙醇提取液,用平板打孔法测定抑菌圈的方法,测定提取液对5种细菌的抑菌作用。结果和结论:红果龙葵茎和叶的水提取液和乙醇提取液对5种细菌有明显的抑制作用,乙醇提取液对5种细菌的抑菌作用强于水提取液;各提取液都显示出最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度。     

仙人掌茎有效成份分析

我国民间有食用、药用仙人掌的传统,但对其有效成分等尚未进行系统的分析报道。本文对仙人掌茎甲醇提取液、石油醚提取液和氯仿提取液进行了生物碱、甾体、强心甙、皂甙和匝类等有效成分的系统分析。结果表明,仙人掌的甲醇提取液、石油醚提取液和氯仿提取液中含有生物碱、黄酮甙、强心甙、皂甙以及三萜和甾体等,而未检出香豆精甙。     

密粘褶菌松木粉培养物对黑翅土白蚁的生物活性

【目的】研究密粘褶菌Gloeophyllum trabeum(Pers.:Fr.)Murr松木粉培养物对黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus(Shiraki)的生物活性。【方法】比较了密粘褶菌松木粉培养物不同溶剂提取液对采食工蚁的踪迹和引诱活性,研究不同浓度正己烷和乙酸乙酯提取液的引诱活性变化。【结果】正己烷提取液表现出高引诱活性和踪迹活性,乙酸乙酯、三氯甲烷、丙酮提取液具有高引诱活性和较低踪迹活性,甲醇、乙醇提取液表现出较高踪迹活性和较低引诱活性。正己烷提取液浓度与趋性反应率的回归方程为y=12.561ln(x)+50.11;乙酸乙酯提取液浓度与趋性反应率的回归方程为y=12.161ln(x)+51.411。【结论】密粘褶菌松木粉培养物对黑翅土白蚁采食工蚁具有明显的踪迹和引诱活性。正己烷和甲醇提取液的踪迹活性最强,乙酸乙酯和正己烷提取液的引诱活性最强。正己烷和乙酸乙酯提取液对采食工蚁的引诱活性具有很好的浓度相关性。     

富贵竹提取液中几种成分的初步研究

在富贵竹枝条基部提取液中，ＩＡＡ含量和酚类物质含量显著地高于中部和上部提取液的含量；中部提取液中的可溶性糖含量和蛋白质含量最高．     

青天葵体外抑菌活性研究

目的:研究青天葵水提取液、醇提取液和水醇提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌、伤寒沙门菌、绿脓杆菌、黑曲霉菌6种菌株的抑菌效果。方法:制备青天葵3种提取液,采用试管两倍稀释法测定3种提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌等6种菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:青天葵水提取液对伤寒沙门菌的抑菌作用较强(MIC为12.5%),对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌和黑曲霉菌的抑菌作用较弱(MIC为50%);醇提取液对伤寒沙门菌和绿脓杆菌都有很强的抑菌作用(MIC为6.25%),对金黄色葡萄球菌也有较强的抑菌活性(MIC为12.5%),对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用较弱(MIC为50%);水醇提取液的抑菌活性与醇提取液相当。结论:青天葵对金黄色葡萄球菌等6种菌株表现出不同程度的抑制活性。     

测定荔枝核中的游离氨基酸

采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定荔枝核水提取液、醇提取液样品。在醇提取液中游离氨基酸的含量高于水提取液,在两种提取液中共检出了21种游离氨基酸(其中4种为未知氨基酸,6种必需氨基酸);已知游离氨基酸的质量分数为307μg.kg-1(醇提取液)和269μg.kg-1(水提取液),总游离氨基酸的质量分数为500μg.kg-1,必需氨基酸的量占总游离氨基酸量的44%。结论:荔枝核中的游离氨基酸具有利用价值。     

平菇菌糠提取液对酵母产量的影响

本文通过配制不同比例的平菇菌糠提取液,对酿酒酵母进行培养,经过细胞浓度测定,发现不同浓度的平菇菌糠提取液对酵母的增长均有促进作用。其中20%平菇菌糠提取液+1%葡萄糖为6.25%;20%平菇菌糠提取液+2%葡萄糖为15.81%;40%平菇菌糠提取液为13.97%;60%平菇菌糠提取液为18.75%;80%平菇菌糠提取液为19.29%;100%平菇菌糠提取液为21.69%,可以看出100%平菇菌糠提取液的促进效果是最为明显的。该研究证明平菇菌糠提取液可以代替常用的YPD培养基对酿酒酵母进行培养。     

蝉拟青霉菌丝体降血糖组分确证

[目的]考察蝉拟青霉5704s菌丝体提取液的降血糖作用,探索发挥降血糖作用的主要功能组分。[方法]制备蝉拟青霉5704s菌丝体提取液,分离提取液中峰1、峰2蛋白,采用小鼠试验和体外试验测定菌丝体提取液以及不同活性组分的降血糖作用,SDS-PAGE电泳测定主要降血糖组分分子量。[结果]蝉拟青霉5704s菌丝体提取液具有较好的降血糖作用,血糖下降率为36.85%;体外试验中,提取液峰1蛋白的α-糖苷酶抑制率为71.23%,峰2蛋白的抑制率为63.17%;小鼠试验中,提取液峰1蛋白的血糖下降率为40.23%,峰2蛋白的血糖下降率为25.70%;体外试验和小鼠试验均表明提取液峰1蛋白的降血糖效果优于峰2蛋白,峰1蛋白的分子量为57 781 Da。[结论]确定蝉拟青霉5704s菌丝体提取液中发挥主要降血糖功效的组分是峰1蛋白。     

假臭草对菜青虫杀虫活性的研究

测定了假臭草根、茎、叶的甲醇提取液对菜青虫的生物活性。结果表明假臭草根、茎、叶的甲醇提取液对菜青虫无触杀活性;假臭草提取液对菜青虫的拒食活性强弱依次为叶茎根,在浓度为1 g/mL时拒食率分别为36.51%、63.34%和79.33%;假臭草茎和叶的甲醇提取液对菜青虫有一定的胃毒作用,在浓度为1 g/mL时,假臭草叶和茎甲醇提取液对菜青虫的胃毒活性分别为66.67%和33.33%。     

花生衣提取液对离体血管环和心脏活动的影响

研究花生衣提取液及其有效成分对离体血管环及心脏的影响。以大鼠离体胸主动脉血管环及蛙类离体心脏为研究对象,观察花生衣提取液及其有效成分对血管环张力、心脏心率和平均张力的影响,利用高效液相色谱法分析其有效成分。结果显示,花生衣提取液对血管环及KCl和NE所致的主动脉环收缩反应具有显著的舒张作用;可明显降低离体心脏心搏频率和平均张力。HPLC结果显示白藜芦醇是花生衣提取液有效成分之一,且与花生衣提取液的作用效果一致。实验结果表明花生衣提取液呈内皮依赖性舒张血管平滑肌,可明显降低离体心脏的心跳频率和收缩力,具有一定的舒张血管和保护心脏的效果,其有效成分是白黎芦醇。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism