船帆洞旧石器遗址洞穴形成过程与地层划分

本文根据最近发掘所获资料,对万寿岩山船帆洞旧石器时代晚期遗址洞穴的形成过程、洞内地层划分以及与洞外沉积物关系等问题进行初步探讨。提出:船帆洞洞穴的发育明显与区域性断裂及岩体的剪切节理有关;洞内经历数次堆积和冲刷;依岩性、地层关系和哺乳动物化石组合,洞内堆积物可分为Ⅰ(中更新世晚期)、Ⅱ(晚更新世早期)、Ⅲ(晚更新世晚期)和Ⅳ(全新世)4个地层单元。     

洛阳北窑黄土旧石器遗址1998年发掘报告

本文报道了洛阳北窑黄土旧石器遗址1998年发掘出土的771件石制品。石制品出自黄土地层S2到L1底部, 相当于200ka BP to 70—80 ka BP, 属于旧石器时代早中期。以S2和S1中最为丰富, 而L1底部和L2中较少; 石制品类型包括石核、石片、断块和断片, 石器数量很少, 仅尖状器和刮削器两类; 和中国北方小石片-刮削器传统有更多的相似之处; 从早到晚,石制品的性质没有明显变化。本文认为北窑遗址属于一处古人类临时加工石器的场所。     

Land, lake, and fish: Investigation of fish remains from Gesher Benot Ya'aqov (paleo-Lake Hula)

The question of whether or not pre-modern hominins were responsible for the accumulation of fish remains is discussed through analyses of remains recovered from two lacustrine facies (I-4 and I-5) from Area A of the Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov (GBY) in the Jordan Rift Valley, Israel. The fish remains provide the first glimpse into the naturally accumulated fish assemblage from the fluctuating shores of a lake that had been continually exploited by early hominins some 780,000 years ago. Preliminary analysis of the remains show that thirteen of the seventeen species native to Lake Hula were identified at GBY. These represent three of the five freshwater fish families native to the lake: Cyprinidae (carps), Cichlidae (tilapini, St. Peter's fish), and Clariidae (catfish). From a taphonomical perspective, a significant difference is found between the two lithofacies (Layers I-4 and I-5) in terms of species composition, richness, diversity, and skeleton completeness. It appears that the fish remains recovered from Layer I-4 (clay) are better preserved than those from Layer I-5 (coquina). In both lithofacies, Cyprinidae are highly abundant while Cichlidae and Clariidae are rare and under-represented, especially when compared to the Lake Hula fishery report from the 1950s. All of these identified species may have contributed significantly to the diet of GBY hominins.     

Micromorphology and site formation at Die Kelders Cave I, South Africa

The deposits of Die Kelders I were previously described and studied by Tankard & Schweitzer (1974, 1976) from the standpoint of classical granulometric analysis of sand from a coastal cave in order to infer the geological history of the cave and its environs. This paper supplements these earlier works by taking a more holistic approach toward site formation processes by including investigation of the biogenic and anthropogenic influences on the cave deposits and history. The study employs the technique of soil micromorphology, which is the study of resin-impregnated, undisturbed blocks of sediment and petrographic thin sections, in which sediments from all areas of the cave were examined. The study showed that diagenesis of the deposits in the eastern areas of the excavation resulted in decalcification, which in turn brought about slumping and compaction. Equivalent stratigraphic layers exposed in the western and central areas were only mildly decalcified and consequently, these sediments contain limestone rock fall and relatively abundant marine and terrestrial mollusks, the latter not dissimilar to the Late Stone Age (LSA) midden which covers these deposits. Thus, in spite of lowered and more distant shorelines, marine resources were exploited during Middle Stone Age (MSA) times. Observations from these calcareous units also clearly demonstrates that previously recognized "occupational horizons" (e.g. Layers 6, 8 and 10) can be resolved micromorphologically into several ephemeral events, such as burning/fire, redistribution of ashes by wind and water, and non-deposition; the latter is shown by phosphatic alteration of sediments exposed on former surfaces and accumulation of guano, or the presence of millimeter-thick truncation surfaces below which aeolian dust infiltrated. Both field and microscopic observations illustrate that the deposits in caves are highly variable from wall to center, and that excavations should not be localized in just one microenvironment of the cave site.     

河北阳原泥河湾盆地籍箕滩遗址发现的新材料

河北阳原泥河湾盆地的籍箕滩旧石器时代晚期旷野遗址群于上世纪80年代被发现并系统发掘,目前,曾出土了丰富的细石叶制品及动物碎骨的第2地点(T2)由于后期工程建设的原因已不复存在,原记录中的第1地点(T1)、第3地点(T3)也均受到了不同程度的人为破坏或自然力侵蚀。为探明遗址堆积保存状况,工作队对遗址第1、3地点进行了复查及剖面清理,分别发现了密度较大的石制品遗存。对第1地点和第3地点的光释光和¹⁴C测年结果表明,该地有人类活动遗迹的堆积物形成年代为距今16000余年至全新世初期,与河对岸虎头梁遗址群中的马鞍山、于家沟相当,表明了当时古人类的活动范围同时覆盖了桑干河南北两岸。     

Optically stimulated luminescence dating of cave deposits at the Xiaogushan prehistoric site, northeastern China

The Xiaogushan cave site is one of the most important prehistoric sites in North China. The stone and bone artifacts found in the cave are similar to European contemporaneous artifacts. Cave deposits consist of five layers that have been dated from 46,353 ± 1179 to 4229 ± 135 cal. yr BP, using radiocarbon dating techniques on charcoal and bone samples collected from Layers 2-5. In this paper, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques were applied to date six samples taken from Layers 1-3. The luminescence properties of the fine-grained and coarse-grained quartz extracts indicate that the materials are suitable for OSL dating using a single-aliquot regeneration-dose (SAR) protocol. The OSL ages obtained are broadly consistent with the stratigraphy and the associated calibrated radiocarbon ages. The dating results show that the cave was first occupied by humans about 70 ka. The human occupation of the cave may be related to climate change. An occupation hiatus is inferred to between ∼17 to ∼10 ka. The stone and bone artifacts found in Layers 2 and 3 may indicate the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transitions in the region.     

柿子滩遗址第9地点出土的动物烧骨

柿子滩遗址第9地点（S9）位于山西省吉县柏山寺乡高楼河村黄河支流的清水河畔,西距黄河约7 km。从2000年发现至今,该遗址前后历经三次发掘,出土大量细石叶制品、动物化石、数件蚌制品、骨针及磨制石器等。本文重点对S9地点第4 层（12,575-11,600 cal. BP）及第5层（13,000 cal. BP）出土的动物遗存,尤其是其中测量尺寸在2cm以下的大量烧骨进行了埋藏学与动物考古学方面的观察和分析。研究结果显示,S9地点的烧骨是古人类烧烤猎物、维护遗址（甚至可能还包括以骨骼作燃料）等生存行为活动的文化残留。此外,S9地点出土烧骨的空间分布分析表明,古人类在上述行为活动之后,可能又将烧灼后的残存骨骼（与灰烬等）清理出火塘并堆放在其核心生活区的周边位置。     

论华北旧石器晚期遗址的分布、埋藏以及地质时代问题

我国华北地区旧石器晚期遗址及文化遗物通常埋藏于河流的第二级阶地中,地质时代为晚更新世中、晚期。峙峪等遗址的地层清晰、化石丰富、时代明确,没有再搬运的任何迹象。研究旧石器文化必须结合地层、地貌和古生物资料进行综合分析,有适当的年龄数据印证,才能得出断代上的合乎逻辑的结论。     

Miocene methane‐derived carbonates from southwestern Washington,USA and a model for silicification at seeps

Kuechler, R.R., Birgel, D, Kiel, S, Freiwald, A, Goedert, J.L., Thiel, V & Peckmann, J. 2011: Miocene methane‐derived carbonates from southwestern Washington, USA and a model for silicification at seeps. Lethaia, Vol. 45, pp. 259–273. Exotic limestone masses with silicified fossils, enclosed within deep‐water marine siliciclastic sediments of the Early to Middle Miocene Astoria Formation, are exposed along the north shore of the Columbia River in southwestern Washington, USA. Samples from four localities were studied to clarify the origin and diagenesis of these limestone deposits. The bioturbated and reworked limestones contain a faunal assemblage resembling that of modern and Cenozoic deep‐water methane‐seeps. Five phases make up the paragenetic sequence: (1) micrite and microspar; (2) fibrous, banded and botryoidal aragonite cement, partially replaced by silica or recrystallized to calcite; (3) yellow calcite; (4) quartz replacing carbonate phases and quartz cement; and (5) equant calcite spar and pseudospar. Layers of pyrite frequently separate different carbonate phases and generations, indicating periods of corrosion. Negative δ¹³C_carbonate values as low as ?37.6‰ V‐PDB reveal an uptake of methane‐derived carbon. In other cases, δ¹³C_carbonate values as high as 7.1‰ point to a residual, ¹³C‐enriched carbon pool affected by methanogenesis. Lipid biomarkers include ¹³C‐depleted, archaeal 2,6,10,15,19‐pentamethylicosane (PMI; δ¹³C: ?128‰), crocetane and phytane, as well as various iso‐ and anteiso‐carbon chains, most likely derived from sulphate‐reducing bacteria. The biomarker inventory proves that the majority of the carbonates formed as a consequence of sulphate‐dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane. Silicification of fossils and early diagenetic carbonate cements as well as the precipitation of quartz cement – also observed in other methane‐seep limestones enclosed in sediments with abundant diatoms or radiolarians – is a consequence of a preceding increase of alkalinity due to anaerobic oxidation of methane, inducing the dissolution of silica skeletons. Once anaerobic oxidation of methane has ceased, the pH drops again and silica phases can precipitate. □Biomarkers, carbonates, isotopes, methane, Miocene, silicification, Washington.     

Late glacial and early Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in Geneva Bay (Lake Geneva, Switzerland)

Detailed interdisciplinary investigations demonstrate that Geneva Bay (Lake Geneva) sediments clearly record important palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes occurred during the Late glacial and early Holocene. Sediments are in fact differentiated by changes in texture, mineralogical and geochemical composition. Distal turbidite and glacial rhythmite deposition associated with wind-transported sediment supply dominate during the Oldest Dryas. These were replaced during the Allerød by detrital settling of sediment from turbid water and by endogenic calcite precipitation. The Younger Dryas climate reversal (for the first time in Lake Geneva well documented by a pollen record) was characterized by an increase in detrital supply owing to increased run-off from the bay slopes surrounding and within the catchment area, caused by thinning of vegetation cover. A brief pause in endogenic precipitation related to decreased productivity also occurs at this time. Endogenic carbonate sedimentation abruptly resumed at the start of the Preboreal biozone in response to the rapid global climatic warming. In the middle Preboreal, renewed detrital sedimentation is interpreted as the sedimentological response to increased erosion in high-altitude regions of the catchment area, caused by a minor early Holocene cooling phase (Preboreal oscillation), and interrupts the trend towards increasing endogenic calcite precipitation. Favourable limnic conditions are reached during the late Preboreal, when diatom–calcite rhythmites begin to form. Stable isotope analysis (δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C) in bulk carbonate highlight the transition from clastic-dominated to endogenic-dominated sedimentation. Endogenic calcite deposition continues during the Boreal biozone, occasionally interrupted by local high-energy sedimentary processes (wave-induced erosion and reworking of littoral deposits) enhanced by progressive lake-level lowering. During the Older Atlantic biozone, sedimentation was mainly dominated by low-energy deposition, creating enhanced conditions for the development of benthic fauna. We will discuss the factors that make Geneva Bay an important site for recording the Late glacial–Holocene climate and environmental changes. The comparison with other Swiss Plateau lacustrine systems allowed us to emphasize the role played by the particular geographical and morphological setting of the site investigated and links with climate-sensitive regions in the catchment area.     

Fate of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Road Dusts and Gully Sediments in Guangzhou,SE China: A Chemical and Mineralogical Assessment

The urban environment of Guangzhou, the largest industrialized center in SE China, has elevated levels of heavy metals. In places, Cu, Pb, and Zn contents exceed 490, 920, and 1,820 mg/kg, respectively. The accumulation of these contaminants is likely to accelerate as a consequence of rapid economic and industrial growth in the region. Understanding of the possible fate of the contaminants is therefore imperative in order to assess their potential long-term ecological impacts. This article documents the results of a sequential extraction procedure involving five operationally defined fractions to determine the chemical partitioning of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the urban deposits represented by road dusts and corresponding gully sediments. Special emphasis was given to the mineralogical characteristics of the urban deposits. Road dusts were mainly composed of quartz, K-Feldspar, plagioclase, and calcite, and contained minor amounts of mica and clay minerals. The corresponding gully sediments, however, typically contained minor amounts of calcite, mica, and clay minerals, and were dominated by quartz and K-feldspar. The road dusts and gully sediments exhibited comparable chemical partitioning patterns of Cu, Pb, and Zn, despite significant differences in the relative abundances of minerals, especially of calcite. Lead and Zn occurred mainly in the operationally defined carbonate/ specifically adsorbed (Pb: 48%; Zn: 50%) and Fe-Mn (Pb: 36%; Zn: 27%) phases, whereas Cu was largely associated with the organic (70%) and residual (15%) phases. In general, the residual phases of the heavy metal contaminants were equal or less than 15%, suggesting their dominantly anthropogenic origin. The relative mobility and bioavailability of the heavy metals in the urban deposits of Guangzhou was: Pb ～ Zn > Cu. The ever-increasing accumulations of heavy metals may pose a threat in the region both to the environment and to human health.     

Zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis of the Die Kelders Cave 1 layers 10 and 11 Middle Stone Age larger mammal fauna

Middle Stone Age (MSA) and Middle Paleolithic (MP) faunal assemblages have gained widespread attention due to their relevance to the debate over the modernity of hominid behavior during the MSA/MP. A recent critique of the scavenging argument for MSA/MP behavior drew on a summary presentation of the skeletal abundance and surface modification data from Die Kelders Cave 1 Layer 10 (Marean, 1998). This paper provides a more complete presentation of those data, adds the smaller Layer 11 sample, and provides a detailed analysis of the taphonomic history of both samples.Bone fragment density is higher in Layer 10 than in Layer 11. Bone densities vary horizontally as well, with Layer 10 showing greater deposition in the exposed areas of the cave. An analysis of long bone breakage patterns indicates that non-nutritive breakage on the Layers 10 and 11 samples was present but not intense. Size 1 mammals were predominantly accumulated by owls and/or other large raptors, not hominids, in Layer 10. Hominids were the predominant accumulator of Sizes 2-4 mammals in Layers 10 and 11 as indicated by the frequency of hammer-stone percussion marks and carnivore toothmarks. After discard by hominids, a significant portion of these remains were discovered and scavenged by carnivores. Overall, the larger mammal fauna of Layer 10 is dominated by Sizes 3 and 4 bovids, mostly young and adult eland, and thus hominids were focusing on the high-ranked prey items. Shaft portions of long bones, the portions with the most flesh, have the highest frequencies of cutmarks. A comparison of the Layers 10 and 11 cutmark frequencies to Selvaggio's (1998) scavenging model shows that the frequencies are significantly outside the range of variation documented in Selavaggio's scavenging sample.     

The syn-volcanic Naajaat lake, Paleocene of West Greenland

The Naajaat lake in the Nuussuaq Basin on Disko and Nuussuaq formed in a geological setting between cratonic crystalline Precambrian rocks overlain by Cretaceous sediments and an actively forming Paleocene volcanic province. The lacustrine deposits, shales as well as hyaloclastite breccias, accumulated in low-lying areas inundated by fresh water and sealed off from marine transgressions by a broad subaerial volcanic terrain. Foreset-bedded hyaloclastite breccias demonstrate water depths of up to 450 m, and the area of the lake was 2500 km² at its maximum extent. The lake probably existed for less than 0.5 million years. The lake received clay and silt from two provenance areas. Quartz contents of more than 25% in the majority of the sediment samples indicate that large amounts of material were continuously supplied to the lake from the crystalline terrain, whereas the volcanic terrain supplied smectite and mixed-layer minerals to the lake. High kaolinite contents stem from the crystalline or both provenance areas. The shales are characterized by high TOC (up to 11%), lack of pyrite, presence of terrestrial spores and pollen and lack of marine dinoflagellates. The lacustrine sediments rest on an erosional unconformity and its correlative conformity. The unconformity developed during the latest Cretaceous and Early Paleocene. Five stages are recognized in the geological development of the lake. Stages 1–4 are characterized by accumulation of hyaloclastite breccias, rise in lake level, and eventual transgression of subaerial terrains. The rises in lake level were caused by stemming of fluvial run-off behind the aggrading volcanic pile. Stage 5 corresponds to cessation of volcanic activity, a stable lake level, and progradation of clastic sediments, resulting in infilling of the lake. During the lacustrine transgression only sediment in suspension was transported into the central parts of the lake.     

Middle paleozoic waulsortian-type mud mounds in Southern Fergana (Southern Tien-Shan,commonwealth of independent states): The shallow-water atoll model

Summary Several Waulsortian-type mud mounds nearly 500 m thick and about 5 km long occur in the Middle Paleozoic carbonate section of the Aktur nappe in the mountains on the right bank of Isfara river. These buildups form a well developed barrier system that stretches along the South Ferganian carbonate platform margin and divides the carbonate complex into a fore-reef and a back-reef part. The time of the mounds' most active growth was from the Late Silurian (Ludlow) to the Middle Devonian (Eifel). Three main facies types can be recognized in the mud mounds: 1. micritic core facies, 2. sparitic flank facies and 3. loferitic capping facies. The central massive or crudely bedded part of the mounds consists of white or light grey clotted micrite. Macrofossils are rare. The sparitic flank facies in contrast consists of coarse and densely packed crinoidal wackestone-floatstones with some brachiopod shell debris. Solitary rugose corals, tabulate corals, stromato-poroids and fragments of mollusks are also abundant. The tops of the mounds are usually covered with loferitic pelmicrites or oolitic grainstone caps. Stromatactis-like structures are very rare and poorly developed in the South Ferganian mud mounds. However, almostin all such mounds horizons of calcitic breccias can be found. In order to explain all the features found in the Fergana mounds an ‘atoll-like’ model has been proposed which starts the evolution of the mud mounds with a small nucleus bioherm. The main stage of the evolution corresponds to an atoll-like structure developing on the surface of shallow water platforms. White clotted micrite of the mound core facies is interpreted as a accumulation of fine-grained sediment in an inner lagoon flanked by crinoidal bar deposits. The mound flank facies represents the atoll rim deposits from where the carbonate mud is derived. The capping loferitic facies is considered as tidal flat deposit that developed on top of the buildups during the last stage of its evolution. The knoll shape of the mounds is explained by the retreat of the atoll flanking crinoidal bars back into the inner lagoon during the rise in sea level. Stromatactis-like structures of small cavities filled with sparry calcite owe their existence to burrowing organisms. Calcitic breccias are interpreted as paleokarst collapse breccias. They indicate that the tops of the mud mound became subaerially exposed. Other evidence for a subaerial exposure can be seen in the occurrence of Variscian ‘black and white’ limestone gravel on the tops of some mud mounds. According toWard et al. (1970) these sediments were produced above the sea level at the edge of hypersaline lakes situated on islands.     

金牛山人遗址下部地层的热释光断代

金牛山Ａ点剖面分为８层,曾发现有大量化石．１９８４年在Ⅶ层底部见到人骨化石,定名为“金牛山人’．热释光测年结果表明,Ⅵ层下部为１８．８４±１．５１万年;Ⅶ层上部为１９．７０±０．７０万年;Ⅶ层下部为１９．４６±０．３４万年;Ⅷ层上部为３８．８７±５．０７万年．地层年代数据与剖面层序一致,与同层中更新世晚期动物化石时代吻合．可以认为,Ⅵ至Ⅶ层堆积连续而迅速,Ⅶ至Ⅷ层堆积有明显间断．２０万年前,该处曾是一个长时间稳定的洞穴环境．这与“金牛山人”活动所需要的时间与空间相符．     

贵州毕节老鸦洞遗址2013年发掘报告

老鸦洞遗址是贵州省毕节市七星关区一处旧石器时代晚期遗址,该遗址上世纪80年代被发现并发掘,出土大量石制品及动物碎骨。为进一步研究该遗址,明确遗址文化及年代性质,2013年7月至8月,发掘队对该遗址进行了再次系统发掘,出土包括石制品、骨制品、古人类牙齿化石、动物化石、植物果核、碳屑在内的标本两千余件,其中,石制品在制作技术上显示了典型的小石片石器传统特征。另有未统计碎骨上万件。碳十四测年结果表明,这些出土物及遗迹记录了旧石器时代晚期距今37000-20000年,以及距今14000年古人类在老鸦洞内生存的历史,是毕节地区旧石器时代晚期最初阶段古人类生存栖息的证据。多个石制品及碳屑、灰烬富集的层位表明了古人类对该洞穴的长时间反复利用,以及末次冰期最盛期期间人类活动的消退现象。     

Upland interfluve (Doab) deposition: Alternative model to muddy overbank deposits

Summary Major alluvial plains contain large tracts of fine-grained muddy sediments, deposited away from the main river channels, which are mostly classed as overbank or floodplain deposits. Systematic study of the Ganga plain shows that such large tracts of deposition of muddy sediments are located several metres above the major channels, and are not flooded by overtopping of the major river channels. These surfaces are here designated as upland interfluve areas (Doab) where deposition of fine-grained sediments takes place independent of the processes operating in the main channels. The surfaces show distinct depositional domains with characteristic deposits. These include higher sloping surfaces (mottled silt), lower flat surfaces (variegated clayey silt), gulleys (sandy silt), small channels (mottled silty sand), ponds (shelly sandy clayey silt), lakes (shelly clayey silt). These deposits are prone to diagenetic changes, especially the development of calcrete horizons. Redistribution of these domains through time produces characteristic mud-dominant alluvial stratigraphy as observed in the Late Quaternary deposits of the Ganga plain. This succession shows similarity to mud-dominant deposits of the Siwalik succession. These Doab deposits are distinct from the overbank deposits formed close to the river channels affected by channel processes. It is argued that many of the thick mud-dominant fluvial deposits of the ancient fluvial record are products of deposition in upland interfluve areas.     

古人类遗址湖北郧西黄龙洞的铀系年代

湖北郧西黄龙洞为近年来发现的晚期智人遗址。本文报道该地点具明确层位意义的洞穴次生碳酸盐岩和骨化石样铀系测年的结果。含文化堆积下伏一局部钙板的年代为约100ka BP, 其中部偏上一局部钙板为约77ka BP, 表层钙板形成于27—57ka BP间。人类化石和石制品出土于文化堆积的底部, 其年代应在57—100ka BP, 并很可能在77—100ka BP间。与人牙化石同层的四枚犀牛牙化石在35—72ka BP间, 与基于次生碳酸盐岩的年代框架没有冲突。本文结果为中国现代人类的早期出现和距今40—100ka BP间有人类活动提供了有力证据。     

Microbial Community Diversity of Moonmilk Deposits at Ballynamintra Cave, Co. Waterford, Ireland

Caves are extreme and specialised habitats for terrestrial life that sometimes contain moonmilk, a fine-grained paste-like secondary mineral deposit that is found in subterranean systems worldwide. While previous studies have investigated the possible role of microorganisms in moonmilk precipitation, the microbial community ecology of moonmilk deposits is poorly understood. Bacterial and fungal community structure associated with four spatially isolated microcrystalline, acicular calcite moonmilk deposits at Ballynamintra Cave (S. Ireland) was investigated during this study. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in microbial activity, number of bacterial species, bacterial richness and diversity, and fungal diversity (Shannon's diversity) among the moonmilk sites over an area of approximately 2.5 m². However, the number of fungal species and fungal community richness were unaffected by sampling location. SIMPER analysis revealed significant differences in bacterial and fungal community composition among the sampling sites. These data suggest that a rich assemblage of microorganisms exists associated with moonmilk, with some spatial diversity, which may reflect small-scale spatial differences in cave biogeochemistry.     

Interactions between calcite precipitation (natural and artificial) and phosphorus cycle in the hardwater lake

The influence of calcite precipitation on the phosphorus cycle in stratified hardwater lake was studied before and during experiments with a new restoration technique. Surveys of the chemical composition of water column and monitoring of settling particles of Lake Luzin (North–East) showed that calcite precipitation occurs each year over 2–3 periods during spring and summer. The change of the phosphorus content influenced the calcite precipitation intensity. The sedimentation fluxes of phorphorus and the calcite precipitation were closely associated. Based on the hypothesis that calcite precipitation acts as an improvement to the trophic state by enhancing the internal phosphorus sink, this new technology for lake restoration was developed. The hypolimnetic Ca(OH)₂ addition during summer stratification in 1996–1997 induced the calcite precipitation in the deep water layer of Basin Carwitz of Lake Schmaler Luzin. The treatment also supported the natural calcite precipitation in the epilimnion. The annual total phosphorus content decreased from 0.46 tons in 1995 to 0.35 tons in 1997. The annual SRP content decreased from 0.02 tons in 1996 to 0.01 tons in 1997 after beginning the artificial calcite precipitation in 1996. The decrease of the annual Chl-a concentration in 1998 on 38% compared with that in 1996 pointed out the lake recovering. According to the one box model, the artificial calcite precipitation affected the P cycle in the lake by suppressing the P release from the sediments.