FHL2通过相互作用抑制分化抑制蛋白家族成员的转录抑制活性

目的：探讨FHL2与Id（分化抑制蛋白）家族蛋白之间的相互作用及FHL2对Id蛋白功能的调控效应。方法：用GST-pulldown与免疫共沉淀（CoIP）方法检测FHL2与Id家族蛋白成员之间在体内外的相互作用;用共转染与报告基因驱动的萤光素酶方法检测FHL2对Id蛋白介导转录抑制效应的调控作用。结果：FHL2与Id家族的4个蛋白均存在直接的相互作用关系,表位分析结果显示FHL2蛋白中的第2个LIM结构域在FHL2/Id相互作用中是必需的,Id蛋白N端结构域在介导FHL2/Id相互作用中是必需的,FHL2/Id相互作用不依赖于Id蛋白中的螺旋-环-螺旋结构;通过相互作用,FHL2阻止了Id蛋白对碱性螺旋-环-螺旋转录因子E47转录活性的抑制作用。结论：FHL2是一个新识别的Id蛋白广谱的相互作用因子,通过对Id蛋白功能活性的抑制效应,FHL2可能参与Id介导的多种生物学效应以及肿瘤发生与进展。     

Purified Penicillin Binding Proteins 1Bs from Escherichia coli Membrane Showing Activities of Both Peptidoglycan Polymerase and Peptidoglycan Crosslinking Enzyme

Our biotransformation using Escherichia coli expressing a cytochrome P450 (CYP) belonging to the CYP153A family from Acinetobacter sp. OC4 produced a great amount of 1-octanol (2,250 mg per liter) from n-octane after 24 h of incubation. This level of production is equivalent to the maximum level previously achieved in biotransformation experiments of alkanes. In addition, the initial production rate of 1-octanol was maintained throughout the entire incubation period. These results indicate that we have achieved the functional and stable expression of a CYP in E. coli for the first time. Further, our biotransformation system showed α,ω-diterminal oxidation activity of n-alkanes, and a large amount of 1,8-octanediol (722 mg per liter) was produced from 1-octanol after 24 h of incubation. This is the first report on the bioproduction of α,ω-alkanediols from n-alkanes or 1-alkanols.     

Streptococcal Opacity Factor: A Family of Bifunctional Proteins with Lipoproteinase and Fibronectin-Binding Activities

The serum opacity factor (SOF) of Streptococcus pyogenes is a type-specific lipoproteinase of unknown biological significance. We have sequenced the sof gene and characterized the corresponding SOF protein from a strain of type M63. It was found that sof63 is related to sof22 and that, similar to SOF22 [25], SOF63 binds fibronectin. Moreover, we demonstrate opacity factor activity in a Streptococcus dysgalactiae fibronectin-binding protein FnBA that is structurally related to the SOF proteins of S. pyogenes. Sequence analysis of these three SOF proteins showed a unique periodical pattern of conserved and variable regions. The enzymatically active part of SOF63 was localized to the fragment corresponding to the entire set of conserved and variable sequences, while for fibronectin-binding a single repeat in the C terminal part of the protein was sufficient. The results show that streptococcal SOF proteins form a novel family of bifunctional proteins with lipoproteinase and fibronectin-binding activities. Received: 7 June 1999 / Accepted: 5 October 1999     

Repression of the Long Noncoding RNA-LET by Histone Deacetylase 3 Contributes to Hypoxia-Mediated Metastasis

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Highlights? There is low expression of lncRNA-LET in various tumor tissues ? Hypoxia-induced low expression of lncRNA-LET occurred through histone deacetylase 3 ? The lncRNA-LET is bound to NF90, which increases NF90 degradation by the proteasome ? Low lncRNA-LET expression contributes to hypoxia-induced cell invasion     

组蛋白甲基转移酶SMYD家族与肿瘤

组蛋白甲基化修饰是肿瘤表观遗传学修饰异常的研究热点。这种修饰涉及肿瘤细胞的生物学行为,并参与肿瘤发生、发展和病理转归。含有SET结构域和MYND结构域蛋白的SMYD家族,是一组重要的赖氨酸甲基转移酶,主要通过组蛋白或非组蛋白甲基化修饰,调控其下游靶基因和肿瘤关键信号通路,参与肿瘤发生和发展的整个过程。SMYD家族影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡、血管形成、侵袭和转移以及化疗敏感性等生物学特性。SMYD家族成员作为肿瘤新型分子诊断标志物和治疗靶点,有着巨大的临床应用价值和意义。本文综述了SMYD家族在肿瘤中的转录调控机制、生物学功能、临床研究意义及其作为分子靶点的抗肿瘤新药研究。     

Compatible Dictyostelium mucoroides Nuclear Plasmids Dmp1 and Dmp2 Both Belong to the Ddp1 Plasmid Family

Dictyostelium mucoroides plasmids Dmp1 and Dmp2 are naturally occurring compatible members of the Dictyostelium Ddp1 plasmid family found in the same wild isolate strain. The nucleotide sequences of Dmp1 (5983 bp) and Dmp2 (6018 bp) are 74% identical and each carries open reading frames (ORFs) similar to the G1 and G5 ORFs of the Dictyostelium discoideum plasmid Ddp1. The predicted protein product of the Ddp1 G1 ORF is 49% similar to that of the Dmp1 G1-like ORF and 52% similar to that of the Dmp2 G1-like ORF. For the G5 and G5-like ORFs the corresponding values are 47 and 43%, respectively. The G1 and G5 ORFs of Ddp1 are transcribed during both vegetative growth and development of the asexual fruiting body. The G1-like ORF of Dmp2 is expressed in vegetative and developing cells, while that of Dmp1 appears to be expressed mostly in developing cells. The G5-like ORFs of Dmp1 and Dmp2 are expressed in both vegetative and developing cells. Dmp1 and Dmp2 differ from Ddp1 in (I) lacking homologs for the Ddp1 G2/G3/D4, G4/D5, D1/D3, and D2 ORFs; (2) containing multiple copies of a 173 bp direct repeat; and (3) having a different orientation of the G1 ORF relative to the G5 ORF. These findings suggest that the basic replicon unit of the Ddp1 plasmid family is composed of an origin of replication coupled to G1-like and G5-like genes. The additional ORFs and direct repeat elements in Ddp1, Dmp1, and Dmp2 may provide accessory functions beneficial to plasmid maintenance. Shuttle vectors based on Dmp1 or Dmp2 replicate in D. discoideum transformants.     

Both TRIF and IPS-1 Adaptor Proteins Contribute to the Cerebral Innate Immune Response against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RNA helicases (RLHs) are important cell sensors involved in the immunological control of viral infections through production of type I interferon (IFN). The impact of a deficiency in the TRIF and IPS-1 adaptor proteins, respectively, implicated in TLR3 and RLH signaling pathways, was investigated during herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. TRIF^−/−, IPS-1^−/−, and C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were infected intranasally with 7.5 × 10⁵ PFU of HSV-1. Mice were monitored for neurological signs and survival over 20 days. Groups of mice were sacrificed on days 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 postinfection for determination of brain viral replication by quantitative PCR (qPCR), plaque assay, and immunohistochemistry and for alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) levels and phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7 (IRF-3 and -7) in brain homogenates by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting, respectively. TRIF^−/− and IPS-1^−/− mice had higher mortality rates than WT mice (P = 0.02 and P = 0.09, respectively). Viral antigens were more disseminated throughout the brain, correlating with a significant increase in brain viral load for TRIF^−/− (days 5 to 9) and IPS-1^−/− (days 7 and 9) mice compared to results for the WT. IFN-β production was reduced in brain homogenates of TRIF^−/− and IPS-1^−/− mice on day 5 compared to results for the WT, whereas IFN-α levels were increased on day 7 in TRIF^−/− mice. Phosphorylation levels of IRF-3 and IRF-7 were decreased in TRIF^−/− and IPS-1^−/− mice, respectively. These data suggest that both the TRIF and IPS-1 signaling pathways are important for the control of HSV replication in the brain and survival through IFN-β production.     

Histone H2A Mono-Ubiquitination Is a Crucial Step to Mediate PRC1-Dependent Repression of Developmental Genes to Maintain ES Cell Identity

Two distinct Polycomb complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, collaborate to maintain epigenetic repression of key developmental loci in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). PRC1 and PRC2 have histone modifying activities, catalyzing mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A (H2AK119u1) and trimethylation of H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), respectively. Compared to H3K27me3, localization and the role of H2AK119u1 are not fully understood in ESCs. Here we present genome-wide H2AK119u1 maps in ESCs and identify a group of genes at which H2AK119u1 is deposited in a Ring1-dependent manner. These genes are a distinctive subset of genes with H3K27me3 enrichment and are the central targets of Polycomb silencing that are required to maintain ESC identity. We further show that the H2A ubiquitination activity of PRC1 is dispensable for its target binding and its activity to compact chromatin at Hox loci, but is indispensable for efficient repression of target genes and thereby ESC maintenance. These data demonstrate that multiple effector mechanisms including H2A ubiquitination and chromatin compaction combine to mediate PRC1-dependent repression of genes that are crucial for the maintenance of ESC identity. Utilization of these diverse effector mechanisms might provide a means to maintain a repressive state that is robust yet highly responsive to developmental cues during ES cell self-renewal and differentiation.     

组蛋白去甲基化酶JMJD家族的特点和功能

组蛋白甲基化修饰是造成表观遗传变化的原因之一,而去甲基化酶的发现证明甲基化修饰也是一个可逆过程.JMJD家族是一类重要的去甲基化酶,其催化活性需要Fe 2 和a-酮戊二酸的参与,可催化组蛋白H3多个位点赖氨酸的去甲基化修饰,从而调节了特定基因的表达. JMJD家族催化的去甲基化与精子发育、肿瘤发生及其他疾病发生存在密切关系,这些研究为许多生命问题的解决提供了新的思路,同时也为新药的开发提供了潜在的新靶点.