LbCpf1基因的原核表达、纯化与体外切割检测

目的:为获得具有体外切割活性的LbCpf1蛋白。方法:将毛螺菌科细菌ND2006(Lachnospiraceae bacterium ND2006)的LbCpf1基因编码区连接至pHis*6(IV),构建原核表达质粒CRISPR-LbCpf1-6*His。将该重组质粒转化BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,IPTG诱导目的蛋白表达,经镍柱亲和层析纯化、透析除盐和凝胶电泳检测等步骤获得重组蛋白,进行体外切割试验鉴定重组蛋白切割活性。结果:双酶切鉴定和测序结果表明成功构建重组质粒CRISPR-LbCpf1-6*His,经转化后获得含有重组质粒CRISPR-LbCpf1-6*His的BL21(DE3)蛋白表达菌株。将菌株接种于37℃,160 r/min,IPTG终浓度为0.5 mmol/L的条件下诱导5 h,最终镍柱纯化除盐后的LbCpf1蛋白终浓度可达400 ng/μl,在体外适宜条件下,该重组蛋白可与成熟的crRNA结合切断标靶DNA。结论:获得的高纯度LbCpf1蛋白具有体外切割活性,可用于后续基因编辑研究。     

幽门螺杆菌多价表位疫苗CWAE的表达及其免疫学性质的研究 *

目的 利用生物信息学软件评价幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori)多价表位疫苗CWAE的抗原结构,经原核表达获得高纯度CWAE蛋白,进而鉴定多价表位疫苗CWAE的免疫学性质。方法 通过生物信息学软件分析H. pylori多价表位疫苗CWAE的抗原结构;用人工合成的H. pylori多价表位肽融合基因WAE替换重组质粒pET28a-CUE中的UE基因,构建重组质粒pET28a-CWAE。然后,将pET28a-CWAE转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达,并通过Ni-NTP镍离子亲和层析纯化抗原蛋白CWAE;利用GM1-ELISA鉴定CWAE中CTB组分的黏膜免疫佐剂活性。最后,通过ELISA和小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖实验检测CWAE激发BALB/c小鼠产生抗H. pylori抗体体液免疫和淋巴细胞免疫应答的能力。结果 通过生物信息学软件证实H. pylori多价表位疫苗CWAE具有科学合理的结构;重组表达质粒pET28a-CWAE经PCR、双酶切和基因测序鉴定,融合基因CWAE与设计序列完全一致;重组基因工程菌株pET28a-CWAE/BL21(DE3)经IPTG诱导表达,抗原蛋白CWAE主要以包涵体形式存在,经Ni-NTP镍离子亲和层析纯化,纯度约达93.2%;GM1-ELISA实验证实,CWAE中CTB组分依旧保持有较好的黏膜佐剂活性;ELISA结果证实CWAE能够激发BALB/c小鼠产生H. pylori特异性抗体,而小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖实验进一步证实CWAE能够激发针对H. pylori多种致病因子的淋巴细胞免疫反应。结论 H. pylori多价表位疫苗CWAE具有科学合理的抗原结构,经原核表达可获得高纯度抗原蛋白,能够激发BALB/c小鼠产生H. pylori特异性抗体体液免疫和淋巴细胞免疫应答。为研发防治H. pylori感染的多价表位疫苗奠定实验基础。     

人分泌磷蛋白2基因的克隆、原核表达与活性检测

提取人肝癌组织RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增人SPP2成熟蛋白编码区基因并克隆至原核表达载体pET-22b（＋）,将测序正确的质粒转化大肠杆菌BL2l（DE3）,IPTG诱导重组蛋白表达,用Ni-NTA柱进行纯化,SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot检测并证实目的蛋白的表达,通过重组蛋白对木瓜蛋白酶的抑制作用验证其生物学活性。重组质粒测序和酶切结果显示SPP2成熟蛋白基因已成功克隆到pET-22b（＋）。IPTG诱导重组菌后有25kDa大小的目的蛋白表达。优化诱导表达条件,获得可溶性表达的目的蛋白,纯化后纯度达90%,western blot表明其具有His标签抗原活性。重组SPP2成熟蛋白可抑制木瓜蛋白酶的水解作用（酪蛋白为底物）,重量抑制比为1∶3.1,抑制比活性为2511U/mg。     

棉花咖啡酸-O-甲基转移酶基因的原核表达及蛋白纯化鉴定

为获得大量高纯度的GhCOMT2蛋白以便研究其功能和性质,以pMD18-GhCOMT2质粒为模板,PCR扩增GhCOMT2基因的cDNA编码区,构建原核表达载体pET-28a-GhCOMT2,经酶切鉴定并测序后转化到大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中进行诱导表达,并采用Western blotting方法鉴定表达产物.结果表明:在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株中成功表达了与标签蛋白融合的GhCOMT2蛋白,大小约为40.062 kD,浓度为0.62 mg/mL.重组蛋白的最佳诱导条件为:0.2 mmol/L IPTG在16℃诱导12 h.重组蛋白以可溶形式高效表达,用蛋白标签亲和层析柱(His TrapTM HP)获得纯化重组蛋白,Western blotting分析表明其能与His多克隆抗体起特异性反应.     

骨形成蛋白10成熟肽在大肠杆菌中的表达纯化及活性分析

目的:以生物制备骨形成蛋白10(BMP10)为目标,研究BMP10成熟肽在大肠杆菌中的表达及活性。方法:以人源BMP10成熟肽基因为模板,PCR获得N端带有组氨酸标签(6×His)的融合基因6×His-m BMP10,构建p ET28a/m BMP10表达载体;热击转染大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株,卡那霉素抗性筛选获得重组表达菌株BL21/p ET28a-6×His-m BMP10,IPTG诱导表达后利用SDS-PAGE电泳、Western印迹对蛋白进行分析;超声波破碎菌体,收集包涵体,镍柱亲和层析纯化获得电泳纯目的蛋白;透析复性后,非还原SDS-PAGE检验目标蛋白的二聚体形成;通过体外细胞实验检测蛋白活性。结果:纯化得到纯度90%以上的m BMP10,复性后二聚体得率约为40%;活性实验测得P19细胞的Smad6蛋白表达上调3倍左右。结论:通过大肠杆菌表达体系获得具有生物活性的BMP10,为后续作用机理研究奠定了实验基础。     

人Nek2蛋白原核表达纯化及其多克隆抗体制备 *

目的通过原核表达系统表达人Nek2蛋白,优化表达条件并纯化Nek2蛋白,制备抗Nek2多克隆抗体.方法 将Nek2基因片段构建到原核表达载体pET30a(+)上,转化大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3);加入诱导剂IPTG诱导表达,对诱导温度,诱导剂IPTG终浓度,诱导时间等条件进行优化;利用12% SDS-PAGE后250mmol/L KCl染色切胶纯化蛋白质,将纯化后的Nek2蛋白进行质谱鉴定;纯化Nek2蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,运用ELISA,Western blot和免疫荧光实验检测多克隆抗体效价和特异性.结果 构建了pET30a(+)-Nek2重组原核表达质粒,诱导的重组人Nek2蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在;蛋白质的最适诱导表达条件为28℃,180r/min条件下加入终浓度为0.2mmol/L IPTG诱导32h;质谱分析纯化后的蛋白质为Nek2蛋白,最终获得浓度为1.35mg/ml纯化后的Nek2蛋白;纯化蛋白免疫小鼠,多克隆抗体效价大于1∶243 000,且具有良好的抗原特异性;免疫荧光实验显示Nek2主要定位于细胞质和细胞核.结论: 利用重组人Nek2蛋白获得具有良好抗原特异性的抗Nek2多克隆抗体.     

人抗酶抑制因子-1的克隆与原核表达

目的:克隆人抗酶抑制因子-1(ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor-1,OAZI-1)cDNA,建立在大肠杆菌中原核表达并纯化人OAZI-1蛋白的实验技术。方法:巢式RT-PCR法从人A549总RNA中扩增人OAZI-1 cDNA并构建pET-28a/OAZI-1原核表达质粒。该质粒转化大肠杆菌原核表达菌BL21(DE3)后IPTG诱导表达。诱导表达出的重组蛋白用Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析纯化。SDS-PAGE和Western法检测重组OAZI-1蛋白的表达和纯化。结果:成功克隆出编码全长人OAZI-1的cDNA序列,并构建出原核表达质粒pET-28a/OAZI-1。DNA测序分析,重组质粒中的OAZI-1 cDNA无突变,与6×His标签框架对接正确。重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌表达菌BL21(DE3)中后,可用IPTG诱导表达出重组OAZI-1蛋白,该重组蛋白可用Ni-NTA树脂亲和层析纯化。结论:成功建立了人抗酶抑制因子的原核表达和纯化的实验方法,为后续OAZI-1的功能研究奠定了基础。     

猪丹毒丝菌SpaA蛋白的表达与纯化

[目的]在大肠杆菌中表达猪丹毒丝菌spaA基因并纯化重组蛋白。[方法]利用PCR扩增猪丹毒丝菌临床分离株spaA基因,构建重组质粒p GEX-4T-1-spaA,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达融合蛋白GST-SpaA,并优化表达条件。最后采用GST琼脂糖纯化树脂纯化,SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting检测。[结果]成功扩增spaA基因,获得重组表达菌株BL21(DE3)/p GEX-4T-1-spaA;在菌体OD₆₀₀为0. 9时,加入IPTG至终浓度0. 1 mmol/L,34℃诱导6 h的条件下表达效果最好。经SDS-PAGE检测和纯化后得到大小为97 kDa的GST-SpaA; Western Blotting检测结果表明,GST-SpaA具有良好的免疫原性。[结论]成功在大肠杆菌中表达了SpaA蛋白,经纯化得到具有免疫原性的重组蛋白,为后续研制猪丹毒丝菌SpaA蛋白亚单位疫苗奠定基础。     

幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL重组抗原的可溶性表达及其多克隆抗体的制备和分析*

目的:利用原核表达和蛋白质纯化技术获得高纯度的幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL重组抗原(rCagL),利用其制备anti-CagL多克隆抗体,并分析抗体的特异性。方法:通过生物信息学软件分析rCagL的抗原结构;利用PCR长片段DNA合成技术合成不含有信号肽序列的幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL基因,将其插入表达质粒pCzn1中,构建重组质粒pCzn1-rCagL。然后,将pCzn1-rCagL转入大肠杆菌Arctic Express中,经IPTG诱导表达后,通过Ni-IDA镍离子亲和层析纯化重组抗原rCagL,利用Western blot鉴定rCagL与His标签抗体和Anti-H. pylori抗体的免疫反应性;最后,通过rCagL辅以弗氏佐剂免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备anti-CagL多克隆抗血清,通过ELISA方法分析抗血清的特异性。结果:生物信息学软件表明重组抗原rCagL具有较好的抗原性质;重组质粒pCzn1-rCagL经双酶切和基因测序等技术鉴定,证实rCagL核苷酸序列与理论序列完全一致;基因工程菌株pCzn1-rCagL/Arctic Express在低温11℃条件经IPTG诱导表达。 SDS-PAGE实验结果证实:rCagL可实现相对高效地可溶性蛋白表达,可溶性蛋白约占包涵体的62.07%。经Ni-IDA亲和层析柱纯化,可获得高纯度rCagL,纯度约为96.6%。Western blot结果证实:重组抗原rCagL可特异性与His标签抗体和Anti-H. pylori抗体结合。ELISA结果证实:经rCagL免疫小鼠制备的多克隆抗体anti-CagL可特异性识别rCagL和H. pylori裂解物,具有较高的抗体特异性。结论:重组抗原rCagL在低温条件下可实现可溶性表达,经纯化可获得高纯度抗原蛋白;rCagL具有较好的抗原性,制备的多克隆抗体具有较好的免疫特异性,为发展H. pylori相关诊断试剂奠定了实验基础。     

小鼠beta防御素2原核表达与抗菌作用的初步研究

构建小鼠β-防御素-2( mouse beta defensins 2,mBD2)原核表达质粒pET32/mBD2,进行蛋白诱导表达及纯化,测定并纯化蛋白的抗菌活性.旨在为选一步研究其生物学特性奠定基础.通过腹腔注射脂多糖(lipopoly-saccharide,LPS)建立小鼠急性时相反应,采用RT-PCR方法扩增mBD2成熟肽,经KpnⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后插入相同酶切的pET-32a(+)载体,构建的重组质粒.将鉴定正确的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21 (DE3),采用异丙基-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导融合蛋白的表达.通过镍亲和层析获得纯化的融合蛋白.将融合蛋白采用肠激酶酶切、洗脱并用滤纸片法测定目的蛋白的抗菌活性.成功构建了原核表达质粒pET32a(+)/mBD2,并转化工程菌BL21( DE3).在0.25 mmol/L IPTG、30℃诱导4h条件下获得的融合蛋白.采用抑菌试验证实蛋白具有一定的抑制革兰阳性菌及阴性菌生长的作用.本研究成功构建了pET32/mBD2原核表达质粒,得到了在大肠杆菌中稳定表达mBD2蛋白.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.