子莲新品种‘武植子莲1号’和‘武植子莲2号’产量与营养品质分析

对子莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)新品种‘武植子莲1号’和‘武植子莲2号’与其他12个主栽子莲品种的莲子产量和品质性状进行分析,并通过隶属函数分析法对他们的营养品质性状进行综合评价。结果显示:不同子莲品种的产量和营养品质性状差异显著,同一品种在不同发育时期莲子的可溶性糖和淀粉含量等营养指标差异较大;鲜莲子的可溶性糖含量显著高于成熟莲子,而蛋白质和淀粉含量显著低于成熟莲子。与12个主栽子莲品种相比,‘武植子莲1号’在产量上较为突出,成熟莲子的淀粉含量达52.15%,是生产天然淀粉的优良品种;‘武植子莲2号’鲜莲子的直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量低,可溶性糖含量达23.43%,适合鲜食。隶属函数分析结果表明,‘武植子莲1号’和‘武植子莲2号’的综合营养品质较好,具有很高的应用价值。     

九种壳斗科树种培育香菇产量与营养品质分析

为阐明不同壳斗科树种木材栽培香菇产量及其主要营养成分差异,以江西大岗山地区9种主要壳斗科树种为材料,对其干部木材基本密度、含水率、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机碳、总酚含量及其培育香菇产量、蛋白质、多糖和脂肪质量分数进行了测定分析。不同壳斗科树种木材基本密度、木材含水率、全氮、全钾、有机碳、C/N、总酚质量分数、香菇总产量和蛋白质质量分数均存在显著或极显著差异,其中木姜叶柯培育香菇总产量最高,为170.58 g/kg,苦槠培育香菇蛋白质含量最丰富,达2.65mg/g。壳斗科树种香菇日均产量趋势随时间推移呈现明显的波动性,细叶青冈和木姜叶柯在其第3次产香菇峰期时产量最高,而其他树种在第1潮菇时产量最高。香菇总产量与木材含水率和总酚质量分数呈极显著正相关关系,木材基本密度与香菇蛋白质质量分数呈显著负相关关系;香菇蛋白质质量分数与总产量显著负相关,多糖质量分数与脂肪质量分数极显著正相关。钩锥和白栎木材适宜作为香菇丰产栽培基质,在香菇生产中应用。     

猕猴桃品种‘金桃’采收指标与果实软熟品质相关性研究

分别对河南省27个果园的中华猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）品种‘金桃’果实的5项采收生理指标及果实软熟时的8项品质性状进行测定,采用主成分分析法对果实软熟时的品质指标进行综合评分,并对果实的采收生理指标、果实软熟品质指标及综合分值间进行相关性分析。结果显示,采收时的生理指标（干物质、色度角、硬度和可溶性固形物）均与果实软熟品质综合分值间呈极显著相关,其中干物质相关系数最高,为0.437。干物质与体现果实软熟品质的关键指标（可溶性固形物、总糖和糖酸比）均呈极显著性相关。研究结果表明‘金桃’果实采收时,干物质含量是果实软熟时品质的重要评价指标,而可溶性固形物和色度角是评判采收期的辅助指标。     

采收期对‘红心’番石榴品质和耐贮性的影响

以福建漳州栽培的‘红心’番石榴(Psidium guajava ‘Hongxin’)为材料,探究不同采收期对其果实采后耐贮性和品质的影响。实验分盛花期后95 d (采收期Ⅰ)、105 d (采收期Ⅱ)和115 d (采收期Ⅲ) 3个时段进行采收,采后果实在常温(25±1℃) 和相对湿度85%条件下贮藏,贮藏期间测定番石榴果实商品率、失重率、呼吸强度、相对电导率、色调角、硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C和总糖含量变化。结果表明,‘红心’番石榴果实采后软化迅速,颜色由绿转黄较快;随着采后贮藏时间的延长,番石榴果实的商品率、硬度、色调角、可滴定酸、维生素C和总糖的含量降低,而果实失重率、细胞膜相对透性增加;采收期Ⅰ较采收期Ⅱ、Ⅲ的耐贮性强。因此,对于‘红心’番石榴果实,考虑贮运期长,适宜在采收期Ⅰ采收;其他两个采收期可在产地销售。     

不同修剪方式对‘红富士’苹果密植园树冠光分布特征与产量品质的影响

研究了不同修剪方式对红富士密植园树冠内枝（梢）叶片空间分布和光分布特征及果实产量品质的影响.结果表明：与对照相比,重剪、轻剪均明显改善了树冠内部光照条件,轻剪处理树冠内小于30%的相对光照强度占树冠体积的14.6%,大于80%的高光区占11.2%;重剪处理树冠内小于30%的相对光照强度占树冠体积的12.8%,大于80%的高光区占28.8%.轻剪处理第1年的果实产量相对较高,而重剪处理第1年的果实产量较低,但二者都明显提高了果实的品质.各处理单果质量、果实硬度和可溶性固形物的含量表现为：轻剪株﹥重剪株﹥对照株,而可滴定酸的含量则相反;重剪株果实花青苷的含量最高,其次是轻剪株,对照株最低.从产量品质两方面分析,轻剪是目前苹果密植园改造比较理想的方式.     

苗菜型藜麦新品系筛选及营养品质综合评价

目的：为明确苗菜型藜麦的营养价值,进而筛选优质苗菜型藜麦新品系。方法：以30份苗菜型藜麦品系为研究材料,测定藜麦间的相关品质指标,采用SPSS 25.0进行相关性分析和系统聚类,通过模糊数学隶属函数法对各品系营养品质进行综合评价。结果：藜麦各品系营养品质差异较大。蛋白质含量的变异系数最大,为47.50%,总多酚含量的变异系数最小,为39.26%;蛋白质含量与硝态氮含量呈极显著正相关;在类间距离10处,将参试材料分为六大类,包括9个材料聚成的高蛋白高糖分类群,7个材料聚成的高蛋白低糖分类群。结论：藜麦品系JQ-01728的综合营养品质最优,可作为叶菜类蔬菜食用,也是选育苗菜型藜麦新品系的育种材料。     

红光与远红光比值对切花菊‘神马’发育和外观品质的影响

为了探讨不同R/FR值对温室切花菊发育进程和品质的影响,以切花菊品种‘神马’(Chrysanthemum morifoliumcv.‘Jingba’)为试材,设计不同红光(R:660nm!10nm)与远红光(FR:730nm!10nm)比值(R/FR)为0.5、2.5、4.5、6.5的LED灯照射处理试验,以自然光为对照(CK),观测不同处理的菊花发育阶段和品质指标。结果表明:与CK相比,R/FR=2.5处理显著加快菊花的发育进程(P<0.05),R/FR=2.5处理下短日照处理到现蕾、现蕾到破蕾及破蕾到收获3个发育阶段分别比CK提前4d、8d和5d,R/FR=0.5处理发育速度最慢,3个阶段分别比CK晚4d、2d和2d;不同R/FR值处理下菊花株高、单株叶龄、单株叶面积、茎粗、花径和花梗长度均随温光效应的增加呈增加的趋势,并在R/FR=2.5时取得最大值;收获时切花菊达到A级和B级产品等级的比例分别以R/FR=2.5和4.5处理最高。本研究发现,R/FR为2.5能够显著促进菊花发育进程和提高菊花的外观品质和A级切花的比例。     

营养元素与烟草的品质和产量

烟草是叶用经济作物。营养元素对烟叶产量、品质的影响很敏感。烟草所需的营养元素,现已查明有70余种,其中必需的元素有氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、氯、硼、锰、硫、锌、铜等,有些元素虽然需要量甚微,但不可缺少,不可代替。如若缺少某一种元素,植株就不能正常地生长发育、开花、结实,甚至死亡。现就上述主要元素,对烟草产量、品质的影响进行微浅的论述,以提出较为合理的耕作栽培施肥方法。 烟草的必需元素 1.氮(N)氮是影响烟株生长发育、烟叶质量的主要元素。氮是蛋白质、叶绿素、核酸、磷脂和酶的成分,在植物生命活动中占有特殊地位,被称为“生命元素”。     

寒地粳稻品种功能营养品质分析

功能型稻米因其具有调节人体生理功能、改善人体健康等特点,越来越受到人们的重视。本研究对226份寒地粳稻品种的6种功能营养品质进行了遗传变异、相关分析和主成分分析。结果表明,2年间各功能营养品质差异不显著,赖氨酸、谷蛋白、γ-氨基丁酸、总黄酮含量、平均胚重和胚占糙米重在226份寒地粳稻品种中均呈现较大的变异,其中平均胚重的变异系数最大为92.17%,总黄酮含量的变异系数最小为11.51%。绥粳3号、绥粳5号、牡丹江21号、合粳1号、牡丹江22号、龙糯2号、系选1号7个品种,同时具有2种功能营养品质优良的特点。赖氨酸含量与平均胚重和胚占糙米重呈极显著正相关,总黄酮含量与γ-氨基丁酸含量呈显著负相关,与谷蛋白含量呈显著正相关。胚型因子、黄酮和谷蛋白型因子、γ-氨基丁酸型因子的累计贡献率达到69.149%,是影响寒地粳稻功能营养品质的主要因子。在功能型稻米品种选育过程中,应首先注意对巨胚、高γ-氨基丁酸和低谷蛋白的选择,并可以利用分子标记辅助选择或转基因育种手段,实现多个功能营养品质性状的聚合育种。     

温州蜜柑品质性状及产量的相关分析

本文研究了温州蜜柑在北缘地带品质性状的变异、相关性及其对产量的影响．相关分析表明：根际施肥和根外追施不同无机营养元素可以导致品质性状产生较大的变异．但品质性状间普遍存在相关,任一性状的改变都会引起连锁反应．有机酸和可溶性固形物的消长过程与果实的发育过程呈直线回归关系．     

Genetic diversity and differentiation of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) accessions assessed by simple sequence repeats

Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) is a perennial aquatic crop of substantial economical and ecological importance. Currently, the evaluation of the genetic variation of lotus germplasm accessions using codominant simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers is significant, and it is essential for understanding the population structure of N. nucifera. Here we report the genetic diversity and differentiation of 92 N. nucifera accessions (82 cultivated varieties and 10 wild lotus) using 50 polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 195 alleles were detected, with an average of 3.9 alleles/locus. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) and the mean expected heterozygosity were 0.43 and 0.50, respectively. The genetic relationships among accessions were estimated using an unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster and principal coordinate analysis (PCA). Both methods revealed that the lotus accessions from China and those from its adjacent Asian countries formed a single cluster, respectively. The cultivated varieties were correlated with their major characteristics in cultivation (the seed, rhizome and flower type) rather than their geographic distribution. On the basis of the Bayesian model‐based analyses, two genetically distinct groups (the seed lotus group and the rhizome lotus group) were generated, with a strong differentiation between them (F_ST = 0.57). The seed lotus group exhibited higher genetic diversity than did the rhizome lotus group. The results herein indicated that the current levels of genetic diversity and differentiation between the lotuses have been greatly influenced by artificial selection.     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)

The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic plant of economic and ornamental importance in China. From an (AG)_n‐enriched genomic library, 24 microsatellites were isolated and identified by using the (fast isolation by the AFLP of sequences containing repeats) FIASCO protocol. Eleven loci showed polymorphism with two to six alleles per locus. These markers yielded 42 alleles in a survey of 32 accessions of the sacred lotus. Eleven effective primer pairs of simple sequence repeats were designed and will be used as genetic markers to evaluate the fine‐scale population structure of the sacred lotus in the future.     

Identification of copy number variation and population analysis of the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

ABSTRACT

The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is widely cultured in East Asia for its horticultural, agricultural, and medicinal values. Although many molecular markers had been used to extrapolate population genetics of the sacred lotus, a study of large variations, such as copy number variation (CNV), are absent up to now. In this study, we applied whole-genome re-sequencing to 24 lotus accessions, and use read depth information to genotype and filter original CNV call. Totally 448 duplications and 4,267 deletions were identified in the final CNV set. Further analysis of population structure revealed that the population structure patterns revealed by CNV and SNP are largely consistent with each other. Our result indicated that deep sequencing followed by genotyping is a quick and straightforward way to mine out CNV from the population, and the CNV along with SNP could enable us to better comprehend the biology of the plant.     

花莲种质资源形态性状多样性研究(英文)

对从国家种质资源圃中选取的40份花莲种质资源的19个形态性状进行了观察。结果发现花型、花瓣数、雌蕊是否瓣化、雌蕊瓣化程度和根茎颜色与花蕾形状呈显著正相关,其中花型、花瓣数和根茎颜色与花蕾形状呈极显著高度相关。通径分析表明现蕾期对花型有显著正向效应(0.552),其次是花瓣数(0.516)和根茎颜色(0.368)。与花型呈显著负相关的性状有花瓣长(-0.801)、现花期(-0.558)和叶宽(-0.451)。主成分分析显示前四个成分累计贡献率达65.68%。聚类分析将所有材料分为四组。     

藕莲种质资源形态与农艺性状的遗传变异分析

藕莲是莲（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.ssp.nucifera）的3种类型之一,在我国作为水生蔬菜栽培的历史愈两千年。对国家种质资源圃中来自17个省和直辖市的68份藕莲资源的19个形态和农艺性状进行了观察,并对其遗传变异进行了分析。结果发现整藕重与主藕重、主藕长和第三节粗成极显著正相关。通径分析结果表明主藕重对整藕重的正向效应最高（0.982）。主成分分析结果显示前4个成分占总变异的77.33%。结果还显示对整藕重负效应最高的是主藕重/整藕重（-0.296）。聚类分析发现所有藕莲资源可分为5组。     

不同质量浓度多效唑对碗莲品种'火花'生长和 叶片部分生理指标的影响

研究了不同质量浓度(0~50 mg·L-1)多效唑对碗莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)品种'火花'('Huohua')生长的影响及多效唑处理过程中叶片部分生理指标的变化,并进行了隶属函数值分析和相关性分析.结果表明:质量浓度10~50 mg·L-1多效唑处理抑制碗莲品种'火花'生长.随着多效唑质量浓度提高,立叶数、立叶长、立叶宽、立叶高、花径、花高和开花总数总体上呈逐渐降低的趋势,且总体上与对照组(质量浓度0 mg·L-1多效唑)差异显著.随着处理时间延长,质量浓度10~50 mg·L-1多效唑处理组叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化趋势各异;质量浓度10~50 mg·L-1多效唑处理组叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及质量浓度10、20和30 mg·L-1多效唑处理组叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性总体上呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,而质量浓度40和50 mg·L-1多效唑处理组叶片中CAT活性则呈逐渐降低的变化趋势.相关性分析结果表明:碗莲品种'火花'生长指标的隶属函数值间以及叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量和POD活性的隶属函数值与生长指标的隶属函数值间的相关性总体在0.05或0.01水平上显著.研究结果显示:质量浓度10、20和30 mg·L-1多效唑处理可有效控制碗莲品种'火花'生长,提高其观赏性;且其生长指标以及叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量和POD活性可以作为判断碗莲品种'火花'矮化效果的可靠、简易指标.     

藕莲种质资源形态与农艺性状的遗传变异分析(英文)

藕莲是莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.ssp.nucifera)的3种类型之一,在我国作为水生蔬菜栽培的历史愈两千年。对国家种质资源圃中来自17个省和直辖市的68份藕莲资源的19个形态和农艺性状进行了观察,并对其遗传变异进行了分析。结果发现整藕重与主藕重、主藕长和第三节粗成极显著正相关。通径分析结果表明主藕重对整藕重的正向效应最高(0.982)。主成分分析结果显示前4个成分占总变异的77.33%。结果还显示对整藕重负效应最高的是主藕重/整藕重(-0.296)。聚类分析发现所有藕莲资源可分为5组。     

Rapid validated HPTLC method for estimation of betulinic acid in Nelumbo nucifera (Nymphaeaceae) rhizome extract

Introduction – Betulinic acid (pentacyclic triterpenoid) is an important marker component present in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. rhizome. N. nucifera rhizome has several medicinal uses including hypoglycaemic, antidiarrhoeal, antimicrobial, diuretic, antipyretic, psychopharmacological activities. Objective – To establish a simple, sensitive, reliable, rapid and validated high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography method for estimation of betulinic acid in hydro‐alcoholic extract of N. nucifera Gaertn. rhizome. Materials and methods – The separation was carried out on a thin‐layer chromatography aluminium plate pre‐coated with silica gel 60F₂₅₄, eluted with chloroform, methanol and formic acid (49 : 1 : 1 v/v). Post chromatographic derivatisation was done with anisaldehyde–sulphuric acid reagent and densitometric scanning was performed using a Camag TLC scanner III, at 420 nm. Results – The system was found to produce a compact spot for betulinic acid (R_f = 0.30). A good linear precision relationship between the concentrations (2–10 µg) and peak areas were obtained with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.99698. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of betulinic acid were detected to be 0.4 and 2.30 µg per spot. The percentage of recovery was found to be 98.36%. The percentage relative standard deviations of intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were 0.82–0.394 and 0.85–0.341, respectively. Conclusion – This validated HPTLC method provides a new and powerful approach to estimate betulinic acid as phytomarker in the extract. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)

This paper reports the development of microsatellite primers for Nelumbo nucifera Gaerten. By screening genomic libraries enriched with 10 kinds of probes, Seventeen polymorphic loci were isolated and primers were designed. Polymorphism of these 17 loci was assessed in 24 individuals. All the 17 loci are polymorphic and the number of alleles ranged from two to seven. Observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.0000 to 0.9176 and from 0.2837 to 0.7917 respectively. These microsatellite loci should be useful for studying the genetic diversity of N. nucifera.     

不同荷花品种出泥部分与根状茎生长性状和部分生理指标的比较及相关性分析

在盆栽条件下,对不同荷花(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)品种〔藕莲品种'大紫红'('Dazihong')、花莲品种'中国红·上海'('Zhongguohongshanghai')和花藕兼用莲品种'逸仙莲'('Yixianlian')〕出泥部分(叶和花)和泥下部分(根状茎)的生长性状和部分生理指标进行了比较研究,并对3个荷花品种出泥部分与根状茎间的生长性状和部分生理指标进行了相关性分析.结果表明:'大紫红'在整个生长发育期不开花;'中国红·上海'开花时间相对较早(6月上旬),花重瓣且色泽鲜艳;'逸仙莲'开花时间相对较晚(7月上中旬),花单瓣呈白色.3个荷花品种中,'大紫红'立叶数最少,立叶面积最大,根状茎膨大明显,根状茎中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量最高;'中国红·上海'立叶数最多,立叶中叶绿素含量最高,根状茎节间长度最长,但根状茎膨大不明显;'逸仙莲'立叶数居中,叶柄最长,根状茎膨大明显,根状茎中可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉和维生素C含量介于其他2个荷花品种之间.相关性分析结果表明:荷花立叶面积与根状茎节间长度呈显著负相关,而与根状茎中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质及维生素C含量呈极显著或显著正相关;叶柄长度与根状茎直径和根状茎节间质量呈显著正相关;立叶中叶绿素含量与根状茎节间长度和根状茎中淀粉含量呈显著正相关,而与根状茎中可溶性糖含量呈显著负相关.研究结果显示:根据供试3个荷花品种的立叶面积、叶柄长度、立叶中叶绿素含量可间接判断根状茎的生长发育及营养品质状况,并可进一步应用于快速选育花藕兼用莲品种.