不忘初心 砥砺前行——写在《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》创刊35周年之际

创刊于1985年的《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》（最初刊名为《生物化学杂志》）是中国生物化学与分子生物学会继1980年创办第一份刊物《生命的化学》之后的又一份学术刊物。 我于2000年始任该刊的常务编委，2004年始任副主编至今，曾先后与张迺蘅教授、贾弘褆教授和周春燕教授三位主编共事，算来已与刊物一起走过了20年！ 这20年间，我也通过在国内、国际学术组织任职的过程对一个学术组织出版一份学术刊物的重要性和艰巨性有了更加真切的体会。比如，我自2017年担任亚洲及大洋洲生物化学家与分子生物学家联盟（FAOBMB）主席，该学术组织发展至今一直未能创办一份自己的学术刊物，这令人遗憾，同时也可见创办一份学术刊物是多么的艰难。2018年担任国际生物化学与分子生物学联合会（IUBMB）执委兼任出版委员会和命名委员会主席，IUBMB拥有几份自己的学术刊物，但是让学术刊物可持续发展并在相关领域占有一席之地需付出巨大努力。另外，我自2008年到2018年担任《中国科学：生命科学》（该刊同时出版英文和中文两个内容各自独立的版本）常务副主编这10年间，我也深刻体会到，在大家都重视发表英文论文的当今，出版高水平中文学术刊物的确是步履艰难但却任重道远。 值此《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》创刊35周年之际，作为一名伴随着《学报》成长的科技工作者，同时作为中国生物化学与分子生学会前副理事长，前党委书记和现任监事长，我在表示热烈祝贺的同时，也想谈谈自己的一些体会和感想。 ......     

美国生物化学与分子生物学会（ASBMB）代表团访问北京

以现任主席Judith Bond教授为团长的美国生物化学与分子生物学会（ASBMB）代表团于2005年6月4—6日访问北京。Bond教授目前还担任该学会主办的生物化学与分子生物学领域最权威刊物《生物化学杂志》（Joumal of Biological Chemistry）的副主编（Associate Editor）,她同时还是美国宾夕法尼亚大学生物化学和分子生物学系主任。     

纪念姚仁杰教授

正《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》(以下简称学报)原常务副主编姚仁杰教授不幸于2020年7月4日病故,享年89岁。姚教授的逝世是我国生物化学学术界的一大损失。作者与姚教授在筹创学报时相识,共事多年,十分敬重他的才能、勤奋和为人。姚教授生前是北京大学生物化学教授,曾任中国生物化学与分子生物学会常务理事兼常务副秘书长、北京生物化学学会常务理事     

纪念《生理学报》创刊90周年

<正>《生理学报》是中国生理学会官方期刊。该刊的前身是1927年由林可胜教授创办的《中国生理学杂志》,是我国最早出版的生命科学学术期刊之一。1953年改名为《生理学报》。今年迎来了她创刊90周年的大喜日子。《生理学报》是我心目中极为仰慕的刊物。我也担任《生理学报》编委多年,对她有着很深的感情。《生理科学进展》是1957年由吴襄教授创办的中国     

读者·作者·审者·编者

《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》自2006年1月起改为月刊为缩短出版周期,提高期刊学术水平和刊印质量,经《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》编委会讨论决定,上报中国生物化学与分子生物学会同意,获得中国科协和北京市新闻出版局批准,本刊自2006年1月起改为月刊,每月20日出版.每期96     

为纪念第21届国际生物化学与分子生物学会联盟会员代表大会在中国举行而出版《IUBMB Life》专刊事宜的通知

第21届国际生物化学与分子生物学会联盟会员大会将于2009年8月2—7日在中国上海举行。为此,《IUBMB Life》将出专刊纪念（应该是2009年8月刊）,以反映中国在生物化学与分子生物学领域的进展和成就。     

《生物技术通讯》:全新的富有活力的专业媒体

《生物技术通讯》创办于1989年11月,1999年6月,《生物技术通讯》获得了国家新闻出版署颁发的“期刊出版许可证”,成为国内外公开发行的中央级学术期刊。《生物技术通讯》由军事医学科学院主管、军事医学科学院生物工程研究所主办。名誉主编黄翠芬院士,主编李逸民教授,常务副主编朱厚础教授。从2002年起为双月刊出版。《生物技术通讯》是中国人民解放军唯一的、也是中国国内不多的全面反映生物技术及分子生物学、分子遗传学研究进展,及其在生物医学、工业、农业、环保、卫生、食品等各领域应用进展的学术性刊物之一。它面向国内外,为…     

简讯

中国生物化学与分子生物学会办公室2005年7月13日中国生物化学与分子生物学会第八届常务理事会第五次会议召开2005年4月2日上午中国生物化学与分子生物学会在上海市肇嘉浜路500号,中国科学院上海学术活动中心(好望角大饭店)应睐厅召开了第八届常务理事会第五次会议。理事长许根俊院士主持了会议,副理事长兼秘书长李伯良研究员、副理事长王志新院士、沈珝琲研究员、查锡良教授,常务理事贾弘褆教授、钱关祥教授、孙志贤研究员、王学敏教授、徐永华研究员、袁勤生教授、周海梦教授、朱圣庚教授出席了会议。学会专职副秘书长兼办公室主任王同喜…     

第21届国际生物化学与分子生物学联盟学术大会暨第12届亚洲大洋洲生物化学家与分子生物学家学术大会

第21届国际生物化学与分子生物学联盟（International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,IUBMB）学术大会暨第12届亚洲大洋洲生物化学家与分子生物学家（The Federation of Asian and Oceanian Biochemists and Molecular Biologists,FAOBMB）学术大会（简称2009年国际生化大会）将于2009年8月2—7日在上海召开。中国生物化学与分子生物学会和中国细胞生物学学会将共同主办这次盛会。     

中国生物化学与分子生物学会第七届四次常务理事会纪要

20 0 1年 5月 8日 ,中国生物化学与分子生物学会在中国科学院上海分院学术交流中心院士之家召开了第七届四次常务理事会。邹承鲁理事长、许根俊副理事长分别主持了上、下午的会议 ,周筠梅教授、李伯良教授、王学敏教授、朱圣庚教授、沈教授、贾弘教授、钱关祥教授、黄伟达教授等常务理事出席了会议 ,学会工作人员杨天恩、王悦、王同喜等同志列席了会议。一、会议首先审议了中国生物化学与分子生物学会第七届理事会《工作报告》(讨论稿 ) ,常务理事们进行了认真讨论。认为 :《工作报告》基本总结了中国生物化学与分子生物学会过去四年…     

Anthropology and genetics of the caucasus peoples and the problem of the origin of the caucasoids

The electrophoretical polymorphisms of some blood proteins were studied in the Talysh population of Pirasora situated in South-East Azerbaidjan. We calculated the gene frequencies of these polymorphisms and determined the genetic distances between the Talyshes and some Iranian populations of North, Central and South Iran, Afghans, and three populations of Azerbaijan. The Talyshes are very close to Iranians of Shiraz, whereas they are distant from the Azerbaijanians. Anthropological investigations showed that the Caucasoids and Mongoloids lived in the Aragvi Basin since the Eneolithic period. This was stated by Alexeev (1974), who emphasized the mixture of the Caucasus populations from ancient times on. We calculated the genetic distances between the Caucasus populations and numerous populations of other geographic regions, considering 28 alleles of 12 loci of blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms and constructed the dendrogram of these populations. The position of the Caucasus populations in the dendrogram corresponds on principle to the earlier anthropological observations. The clustering of the Caucasoid populations corresponds completely with anthropological and historical data, and supports our earlier hypothesis (Nazarova 1999) concerning the differentiation of Caucasoids, Northern Mongoloids and Amerinds from the populations, which inhabitated Asia in palaeolithic times.     

On the structure and dynamics of the complex of the nucleosome and the linker histone

Several different models of the linker histone (LH)–nucleosome complex have been proposed, but none of them has unambiguously revealed the position and binding sites of the LH on the nucleosome. Using Brownian dynamics-based docking together with normal mode analysis of the nucleosome to account for the flexibility of two flanking 10 bp long linker DNAs (L-DNA), we identified binding modes of the H5-LH globular domain (GH5) to the nucleosome. For a wide range of nucleosomal conformations with the L-DNA ends less than 65 Å apart, one dominant binding mode was identified for GH5 and found to be consistent with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. GH5 binds asymmetrically with respect to the nucleosomal dyad axis, fitting between the nucleosomal DNA and one of the L-DNAs. For greater distances between L-DNA ends, docking of GH5 to the L-DNA that is more restrained and less open becomes favored. These results suggest a selection mechanism by which GH5 preferentially binds one of the L-DNAs and thereby affects DNA dynamics and accessibility and contributes to formation of a particular chromatin fiber structure. The two binding modes identified would, respectively, favor a tight zigzag chromatin structure or a loose solenoid chromatin fiber.     

Kinematics and dynamics of the temporomandibular joint and of the movements of the mandible

In order to analyze the complicated movements of the mandible as the open-closing movement and the protrusio are, it is useful to evaluate the basic kinematic principles and reduce them to simple technical constructions. Both the open-closing movement and the protrusio could be reduced to 4-bar links, which were used to simulate the movements with help of a computer. Besides, the polodes and the curves of points in the muscular attachments could be constructed. The 2 entirely different 4-bar links have 3 things in common: The resting system - cranium, the moving system - mandibula, and 1 of the 2 arms connecting these 2 systems - the ligamentum laterale. As this ligament is taut during movements it can be considered a "guiding ligament" representing 1 of the 3 determining components of the mandibular movements. The other of the 2 arms has no anatomical equivalent; this arm, however, is "replaced" by the 2 other determining components of the mandibular movements: the joint and the muscles. The curves, which the Caput mandibulae describes, are practically identical for the open-closing movement and the protrusio despite of the different 4-bar links and these curves exactly correspond to the Discus articularis, taut by the upper part of the M. pterygoideus lateralis. The muscles do not only just move the mandibula, but they are also the component, which can choose between the different mandibular movements. By means of the curves, which points in the muscular attachments describe, the function of the masticatory muscles could be analyzed exactly.     

Serology and systematics of the Ebenales and the Theales

The systematic position ofthe Ebenaceae, Sapotaceae, Styracaceae, Ochnaceae, Stachyuraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae has been investigated using serological comparisons of sets of antigenic determinants. The results show that the Sytracaceae and Sapotaceae are undoubtedly more closely associated with the Actinidiaeceae and Theaceae, respectively, than with each other. We found no corresponding determinants betnween antigen systems from the Ebenaceae and systems from any other family whose relations to this family have been proposed. As discovered previously, investigations of antigen systems from the Ochnaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Stachyuraceae, Clusiaceae and Hypericaceae are against the idea of a natural order “Theales” in which these families, or at least some of them, are combined with the Theaceae and Actinidiaceae. This paper completes our previous investigations which largely support a superorder Ericanae sensu Ehrendorfer and Takhtajan. We propose to include the Actinidiaceae and Theaceae in this superorder, assigning them a central position laong with the Sapotaceae and Sytracaeae on one side and the Primulales and Ericales on the other. Another most interesting finding is that there are corresponding determinants between antigen systems from the members of the Ericanae and representatives of the Polemoniaceae and Loasaceae.     

Biophysics and Structure of the Patch and the Gigaseal

Interpreting channel behavior in patches requires an understanding of patch structure and dynamics, especially in studies of mechanosensitive channels. High resolution optical studies show that patch formation occurs via blebbing that disrupts normal membrane structure and redistributes in situ components including ion channels. There is a 1-2 μm region of the seal below the patch where proteins are excluded and this may consist of extracted lipids that form the gigaseal. Patch domes often have complex geometries with inhomogeneous stresses due to the membrane-glass adhesion energy (E_a), cytoskeletal forces, and possible lipid subdomains. The resting tension in the patch dome ranges from 1-4 mN/m, a significant fraction of the lytic tension of a bilayer (∼10 mN/m). Thus, all patch experiments are conducted under substantial, and uneven, resting tension that may alter the kinetics of many channels. E_a seems dominated by van der Waals attraction overlaid with a normally repulsive Coulombic force. High ionic strength pipette saline increased E_a and, surprisingly, increased cytoskeletal rigidity in cell-attached patches. Low pH pipette saline also increased E_a and reduced the seal selectivity for cations, presumably by neutralizing the membrane surface charge. The seal is a negatively charged, cation selective, space with a resistance of ∼7 gigohm/μm in 100 mM KCl, and the high resistivity of the space may result from the presence of high viscosity glycoproteins. Patches creep up the pipette over time with voltage independent and voltage dependent components. Voltage-independent creep is expected from the capillary attraction of E_a and the flow of fresh lipids from the cell. Voltage-dependent creep seems to arise from electroosmosis in the seal. Neutralization of negative charges on the seal membrane with low pH decreased the creep rate and reversed the direction of creep at positive pipette potentials.     

人类基因组及后基因组研究进展及其应用与开发研究现状

人类对自身基因组的研究,随着人类基因组工作草图的绘制完成和对基因功能研究的深入已加快进入了实质性、关键性的开发利用阶段。本文概述了人类基因组及后基因组的研究进展及依此开展基因治疗及基因（组）药物研制等应用开发研究的现状。     

Comparison of the Effects of Flexion and Extension of the Thumb and Fingers on the Position and Cross-Sectional Area of the Median Nerve

Objective

To assess the separate effects of thumb and finger extension/flexion on median nerve position and cross-sectional area.

Methods

Ultrasonography was used to assess median nerve transverse position and cross-sectional area within the carpal tunnel at rest and its movement during volitional flexion of the individual digits of the hand. Both wrists of 165 normal subjects (11 men, 4 women, mean age, 28.6, range, 22 to 38) were studied.

Results

Thumb flexion resulted in transverse movement of the median nerve in radial direction (1.2±0.6 mm), whereas flexion of the fingers produced transverse movement in ulnar direction, which was most pronounced during flexion of the index and middle fingers (3.2±0.9 and 3.1±1.0 mm, respectively). Lesser but still statistically significant movements were noted with flexion of the ring finger (2.0±0.8 mm) and little finger (1.2±0.5 mm). Flexion of the thumb or individual fingers did not change median nerve cross-sectional area (8.5±1.1 mm²).

Conclusions

Volitional flexion of the thumb and individual fingers, particularly the index and middle fingers, produced significant transverse movement of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel but did not alter the cross-sectional area of the nerve. The importance of these findings on the understanding of the pathogenesis of the carpal tunnel syndrome and its treatment remains to be investigated.     

On the Microanatomy of the Brain and the Innervation and Homologues of the Cephalic Appendages of Hesionidae and Syllidae (Polychaeta)

Abstract Earlier papers dealing with the anatomy of the hesionids and syllids were studied. Thereby it was found that information about the structure of the central nervous system was meagre. As a result, the anterior end appendages, especially the large, laterloventral ones of the Syllidae, have been differently interpreted. This prompted a re-investigation. The circum-oesophageal connectives, the brain commissures and the innervation of the alimentary canal and the cephalic appendages of a number of hesionid and syllid species were studied. The results, summarized in schematic diagrams, were compared with corresponding observations in other polychaete families. Among other things, it was concluded that not only the latero-ventral cephalic appendages of the hesionids but also those of the syllids are homologous with the palps of the nereids and of many other “errant” and “sedentary” families.