润楠属植物一名称

润楠属植物一名称左家哺（湖南林业专科学校,衡阳４２１００５）关键词润楠属,新名称,秃叶润楠ＡＮＥＷＮＡＭＥＩＮＭＡＣＨＩＬＵＳ（ＬＡＵＲＡＣＥＡＥ）￥ＺｕｏＪｉａｆｕ（ＨｕｎａｎＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＴｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ,Ｈｅｎｇｙａｎｇ４２１...     

海南岛润楠属一新种

描述了海南润楠属(樟科)一新种,即文昌润楠     

中国樟科润楠属植物一些种类修订

对中国樟科润楠属植物一些种进行了分类修订。随着研究工作的深入 ,发现过去发表的一些新种不能成立 ,应予合并 ,即嘉道理楠 =信宜润楠 ;长序润楠 =浙江润楠 ;密脉润楠 =刨花润楠 ;芳槁润楠 =黄心树 ;荔波润楠 =粉叶润楠。     

广西润楠属-新种-狭基润楠

报道了润楠属一新种,狭基润楠Machilus attenuata F．N．Wei＆S．C．Tang。本种与形态上相似的定安润楠M．dinganensis S．Lee＆F．N．Wei的区别在于叶先端尾状渐尖或长渐尖,基部渐狭并略下延,幼叶上面无毛,下面疏被短柔毛;与西畴润楠M．sichourensis H．W．Li的区别在于叶较小,薄革质,倒披针形或椭圆形,长8～13cm,宽2．2～4cm,基部渐狭,侧脉在上面明显或略明显,下面明显。     

广西润楠属一新种－狭基润楠

报道了润楠属一新种,狭基润楠Machilus attenuataF.N.Wei&S.C.Tang。本种与形态上相似的定安润楠M.dinganensis S.Lee&F.N.Wei的区别在于叶先端尾状渐尖或长渐尖,基部渐狭并略下延,幼叶上面无毛,下面疏被短柔毛;与西畴润楠M.sichourensisH.W.Li的区别在于叶较小,薄革质,倒披针形或椭圆形,长8~13 cm,宽2.2~4 cm,基部渐狭,侧脉在上面明显或略明显,下面明显。     

樟科柔毛润楠正确名称的考订

在确认润楠属（Machilus Nees）应作为一独立属后,根据《国际植物命名法规》,恢复柔毛润楠的正确名称应为Machilus villosa（Roxb．）Hook．f．     

国产樟科楠属五种植物之分类修订

根据分子系统学研究结果,楠属（Phoebe）中以其宿存的花被片在果时松散、先端外倾,果实球形为特征的物种,即山楠Phoebe chinensis Chun,小花楠P．minutiflora H．W．Li,竹叶楠P．faberi（Hemsl．）Chun,小叶楠Pmicrophylla H．W．Li以及长毛楠P．forrestiiW．W．Smith均应归入润楠属（Machilus）,其中原先作为润楠属物种发表的竹叶润楠Machilus faberi Hemsl．应予采用,但山楠一种其种加词发表时已是晚出同名,另起新名为Machilus montana L．Li,J．Li＆H．W．Li,nom．nov,而余下三种作为新组合在此发表,即：M.minutiflora（H．W．Li）L．Li,J．Li＆H．W．Li,comb．nov．;M．microphylla（H．W．Li）L．Li．J．Li＆H.W．Li,comb．nov．及Mforrestii（W．W．Smith）L．Li,J．Li＆H_W．Li,comb．nov．。     

林冠环境对润楠幼苗构型和生物量分配的影响

植物幼苗早期适应对策对种群的更新具有决定性的作用。润楠(Machilus nanmu)是国家Ⅱ级保护植物,是重庆缙云山常绿阔叶林优势乔木树种之一。研究润楠幼苗的适应对策对于维持种群更新和保护常绿阔叶林生物多样性具有重要意义。本研究采集了重庆缙云山常绿阔叶林中不同林冠环境(林窗/林下)下不同年龄阶段(阶段1: 1～3年;阶段2: 4～6年;阶段3: 7～9年)的润楠幼苗,从构型和生物量分配角度研究其早期适应对策的时间动态及其对异质生境的响应。结果表明: 林窗中润楠幼苗的茎构型各指标(除枝倾角)和叶倾角在阶段2和阶段3显著大于林下,根构型各指标(除根直径)和叶面积在阶段1和阶段2显著大于林下;而林窗中润楠幼苗的比叶面积在3个阶段均显著小于林下。不同林冠环境和年龄阶段的生物量分配均以叶为主,但林窗中润楠幼苗从阶段2开始增加了茎的生物量分配,减少了根的生物量分配,林下润楠幼苗根的生物量分配则无显著变化。润楠幼苗各器官的协调性随生境条件不同产生适应性进化,即林窗中润楠幼苗的根与叶之间显著相关,且此相关关系随年龄增大由正到负;林下润楠幼苗的根和茎呈显著正相关,根和叶之间无显著相关。不同林冠环境下润楠幼苗枝干重与枝长的标准化主轴回归(SMA)方程斜率仅在阶段3差异显著,而叶、根生物量与构型间的SMA方程斜率的差异均不显著;大部分生物量与构型间的SMA方程截距在阶段2差异显著。     

樟科润楠属植物ITS序列贝叶斯分析及其系统学意义

应用nrDNA Intemal Transcribed Spacer（ITS）序列,使用Bayesian分析法对樟科润楠属的系统学问题进行了初步探讨,结果表明润楠属在鳄梨属群中本身作为一独立分支,是一个自然的单系类群;由于其花被裂片果期宿存且强烈反转与同产自亚洲的楠属和油丹属存在清晰界线。本研究否定了前人依据花被片外面被毛情况及果实大小所建立的润楠属属下系统,但同时暗示着花序类型可能是解决润楠属下系统演化的关键性状。本研究对解决润楠属属内种间的系统演化关系尚有不足,建议今后补充更多的属内物种以及寻找新的分子标记进行更深入的研究。     

华南及其邻近地区润楠属(Machilus Nees)植物的研究

<正> 我们在中国植物志润楠属的编著以后,继续进行华南及其邻近地区本属植物研究,发现毛花组(Sect. Pubiflorae)有新种7个,广西新分布1个;绒毛润楠组(Sect. Tomentosae)广西及贵州新分布1个;大果组(Sect. Megalocarpae)新种2个。总计新种9个,新分布2个,现发表如下。     

Contrasting phylogeographical patterns of two closely related species, Machilus thunbergii and Machilus kusanoi (Lauraceae), in Taiwan

Aim The purpose of this paper was to study the patterns of genetic variation, demographic history, haplotype relationships and potential location of diversity centres of two closely related species, Machilus thunbergii and Machilus kusanoi. Location The phylogeography of M. thunbergii and M. kusanoi was examined by sampling 110 and 106 individuals from 25 and 16 sampling sites, respectively, across their distributional range in Taiwan. Machilus thunbergii is distributed on the Asian mainland, South Korea, southern Japan, the Ryukyus, Taiwan and the Philippines, whereas M. kusanoi is endemic to Taiwan. These two species are closely related, and both are widely distributed in Taiwan but occupy different altitudinal zones and habitats. Methods The range‐wide variation of M. thunbergii and M. kusanoi in Taiwan was studied using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) variations. A haplotype network was constructed with the computer program tcs . Nested clade analysis was conducted with the computer program ceodis , and various parameters of genetic diversity were calculated and neutrality tested by the computer program Dna SP. Population differentiation was estimated using the programs arlequin and hapstep . The contribution of the populations to gene diversity and to allelic richness was calculated using the software contrib . The level of divergence for each population from the remaining populations was calculated as the mean value of pairwise F_ST for each population against the rest of the populations. Results Extremely low levels of genetic differentiation were found for both species. This result suggested that these two species probably survived in multiple relict refugia with different population sizes throughout the island during low‐temperature periods of the Pleistocene. In addition, nested clade analysis (NCA) of cpDNA haplotypes indicated that restricted gene flow with isolation‐by‐distance characterized the recolonization after the Pleistocene by Tashueshan and Shiouhluan populations of M. thunbergii in the north‐central area west of the Central Mountain Range (CMR). In contrast, NCA analysis indicated that a major diversity centre on the southern tip of the island (Kending population) and contiguous range expansion characterized the recolonization by M. kusanoi of northern areas along the east side of the CMR. The major diversity centres found for the two species examined were further supported by the results of the mean F_ST for individual populations in comparison with other populations, and of the contribution of the divergence component to the total diversity. Main conclusions This research supports the multiple relict refugia hypothesis for both species investigated. Populations of M. thunbergii at Shiouhluan and Tashueshan in the north‐central area west of the CMR represent a diversity centre currently expanding its size. A diversity centre at the southern‐edge population of M. kusanoi, and a contiguous range expansion from Kending, were found. These results indicate that the M. thunbergii populations at Tashueshan and Shiouhluan and the M. kusanoi population at Kending, and even Soukar, are evolutionarily significant units for conservation programmes.     

中国及越南樟科润楠属植物一些种类的修订

报道了产自中国和越南的樟科润楠属的4个种的修订结果,即:MachiluslongipedicellataH.Lec.为M.yunnanensisH.Lec.的异名;M.thunbergiiSieb.etZucc.var.condorensisH.Lec.为M.lohuiensisS.Lee的异名,而其中被H.Liou误定的Poilane13161号则为M.cicatricosa;过去被中国学者误当作M.longipedicel-lata的西藏及云南中部至西北部的部份标本是广泛分布于喜马拉雅地区的M.duthieiKingexHook.f.。     

Taxonomic Revision of Five Species of the Genus Phoebe (Lauraceae) from China

On the basis of molecular phylogenetic analyses of the Persea group (Lauraceae) using the sequences of ITS and LEAFY intron II, the species Phoebe chinensis Chun, P.minutiflora H. W. Li, P.faberi (Hemsl.) Chun, P.microphylla H. W. Li and P.forrestii W. W. Smith, which are characterised by the persistent perianth lobes loosely clasping the base of fruit, apex extrorse, as well as globose fruit, were transferred into the genus Machilis. Accordingly, a new name Machilus montana L. Li, J. Li & H. W. Li, as well as three new combinations M.minutiflora (H. W. Li) L. Li, J. Li & H. W. Li, M.microphylla (H. W. Li) L. Li, J. Li & H. W. Li and M.forrestii (W. W. Smith) L. Li, J. Li & H. W. Li were reported here.     

香港润楠属植物的分类研究

本文记载了香港润楠属植物共１１种,其中包括２个香港新记录（Ｍ．ｌｅｐｔｏｐｈｙｌａＨａｎｄ．－Ｍａｚ．,Ｍ．ｒｏｂｕｓｔａＷ．Ｗ．Ｓｍ．）,改正了４个过去被误定的植物种名。     

樟科两个近缘属润楠属和楠木属花粉形态的比较研究

通过扫描电镜观察对樟科润楠属13个种和近缘属楠木属5个种的花粉形态进行了比较研究。结果显示:两个属的花粉均属鳄梨型,即:花粉粒辐射对称、无极性、球形,外壁具明显的刺、薄壁区或小穿孔,通常刺小而密集。首次报道了润楠属与楠木属有的种类如Machilusyunnanensis、M.litseifolia、Phoebepandulata和Ph.zhennan等植物的花粉有圆形垫状隆起。两个属花粉形态的微观差异主要表现在小刺的长度、刺基部是否膨大以及垫状隆起的类型等方面。还讨论了这两个近缘属在花粉微观形态的多样性及其系统学意义。     

Compounds with neuroprotective activity from the medicinal plant Machilus thunbergii

The dichloromethane fraction of the bark of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae) significantly protected primary cultures of rat cortical cells exposed to the excitotoxic amino acid, L-glutamate. Through the activity-guided isolation from the CH₂Cl₂ fraction, (+)-9′-hydroxygalbelgin (1), isogalcatin B (2), (7S,8S,8′R)-3′,4′-dimethoxy-3,4,-methylenedioxylignan-7-ol (3), 1-hydroxy-7-hydroxymethyl-6-methoxyxanthone (4), 5,7-dimethoxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavan-3-ol (5), (+)-(3S,4S,6R)-3,6-dihydroxypiperitone (6), protocatechuic acid methyl ester (7) and tyrosol (8) were obtained. All of them had significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cells at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μM to 10.0 μM and were comparable to MK-801, a well-known inhibitor of glutamate receptor.     

舟山群岛红楠林种内和种间竞争研究

红楠（Machilus thunbergii）林是浙江沿海地区典型森林类型之一,研究竞争强度的动态变化规律及红楠种群的生态适应机制,对舟山群岛常绿阔叶林的保护与可持续利用具有重要意义。利用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型,对舟山桃花岛次生林优势种红楠的种内和种间竞争强度进行定量分析。结果表明：红楠3种类型的竞争强度均随对象木胸径的增大而逐渐减小,小径级的红楠承受的竞争压力较大;红楠的种内和种间竞争强度分别占总竞争强度的44.55%和55.45%,两者大致相等,说明其受到的种内和种间竞争压力均衡;落叶树种的平均竞争指数大,常绿树种的平均竞争指数小,使红楠受压的主要树种是朴树和枫香树;红楠种内和种间竞争强度的顺序为：红楠种内 > 朴树 > 枫香树 > 椿叶花椒 > 柘 > 梾木 > 化香树 > 赛山梅 > 黄檀 > 日本珊瑚树 > 天仙果等;3种类型的竞争强度与对象木胸径均呈显著负相关,且服从幂函数关系CI=AD^-B,当红楠胸径达到20 cm以上时,竞争强度变化很小,利用所得的预测模型能很好地预测红楠种内和种间竞争强度。当红楠胸径小于20 cm时,应对其进行抚育管理以提高红楠成活率和促进植被恢复。     

Biological Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites from the Root of Machilus obovatifolia

Bioassay‐guided fractionation of the root of Machilus obovatifolia led to the isolation of four new lignans, epihenricine B ( 1 ), threo‐(7′R,8′R) and threo‐(7′S,8′S)‐methylmachilusol D ( 2 and 3 ), and isofragransol A ( 4 ), along with 23 known compounds. The compounds were obtained as isomeric mixtures (i.e., 2 / 3 and 4 / 20 , resp.). The structures were elucidated by spectral analyses. Among the isolates, 1 , licarin A ( 12 ), guaiacin ( 14 ), (±)‐syringaresinol ( 21 ), and (?)‐epicatechin ( 23 ) showed ABTS (=2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) cation radical‐scavenging activity, with SC₅₀ values of 11.7±0.5, 12.3±1.1, 11.0±0.1, 10.6±0.3, and 9.5±0.2 μM in 20 min, respectively. In addition, kachirachirol B ( 17 ) showed cytotoxicity against the NCI‐H460 cell line with an IC₅₀ value of 3.1 μg/ml.