A new type of arthropod photoreceptor

A new type of photoreceptor for the phylum Arthropoda, found in the class Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) is reported. This new light-sensitive structure consists of a pair of interocular vesicles present in the genus Vesicephalus Richards, 1964 and is anatomically related to the cluster of ommatidia. The absence of a lens, the presence of a rabdome in the upper part of the vesicle and the reflection and refraction of light by a hemolymph bubble with incidence to the rhabdomeric structure are the main traits of this new photoreceptor.     

一类新型的抗菌活性肽——生物防御素（Defensin）

生物防御素（ｄｅｆｅｎｓｉｎ）是近年来发现的一组新型抗菌活性肽。它们通常都是由３５～５０个氨基酸残基组成,且分子内富含二硫键。由于其具有牢固的分子骨架、广泛的分布以及生物活性功能,因而对它们的研究已成为当前国际学术界中一个引人关注的研究热点。本文将简述有关生物防御素的分布、分子结构特征、生物活性及其可能的作用机制等方面的研究概括及展望。     

微生物与新型农业

论述了微生物新型农业的理论基础：营养结构原理、增加食物链原理、生态位原理和熵定律等。简述了微生物在新型农业中的广泛应用,如发展微生物饲料、微生物肥料、微生物农药、微生物食品、微生物能源和微生物环保制剂等。分析了微生物新型农业的发展前景。     

A new type of zooplankton sampler

This paper describes a new, simple zooplankton sampler for quantitativesampling and studying the microdistribution of the mesozooplankton.     

A new stomatal type inChenopodiaceae

A new stomatal type—paracytic mesoperigenous—which has not been separated from the paracytic mesogenous type in previous studies of theChenopodiaceae, is described. The frequent occurrence of this previously unknown paracytic mesoperigenous type in this family is demonstrated. As a result a new phylogenetic pathway between anisocytic mesoperigenous and paracytic mesogenous types may be drawn.     

Hydrodynamics of a new type of ejector

The mechanical characteristics of a new type of ejector are presented and discussed in view of its application as an aeration device for bioreactors. The experiments performed with two geometrically similar sizes allowed to do a systematic scale comparison setting forth the main scale-up criteria. Excellent performances are revealed from the investigation of pressure drops and gas entrainment rates. A perfect consistency of the two scales is obtained, even in case of gas entrainment. Using a reference velocity, empirical relationships are deduced allowing to predict the performances for any size of ejector. The dependence of the gas entrainment capacity on the backpressure is shown to be ruled out by the extremely low values of the specific aspiration energy of the ejector, and the use of a pressurized gas is only of interest in case of high backpressures. Experimental evidence is provided for the intensity of contact between the gas and liquid phases inside the ejector.     

A new type of phosphoglycolipid fromPseudomonas cepacia

A new type of phosphoglycolipid was found inPseudomonas cepacia. A ratio of glucosamine/phosphoric acid/polar fatty acid/nonpolar fatty acid was resolved to be 1 1 1 1, and the molecular weight of the phosphoglycolipid was determined to be 777 by mass spectrometry. An amino group of the glucosamine was free, and both a phosphoric acid and two kinds of fatty acids were bound directly to the glucosamine.